The purpose of the study was to find out comparison of achievement motivation and self concept among volleyball players of different level of achievement. A Total of 75 Male volleyball players were selected as subjects for the purpose of the study i.e., 25 players each from District, State and National level. The age of the subjects was ranged between 20 to 30 years. The criterion measures chosen to test the hypothesis were: Achievement Motivation test questionnaire developed by V. P. Bhargava and self concept questionnaire developed by Raj Kumar Saraswat. To compare the achievement motivation and self concept of volleyball players, One way analysis of variance, was used to determine the difference if any, among the volleyball players of different level of achievement. When the difference was found significant, the LSD Post-hoc test was applied to assess the significant differences among the group means. The level of significance was set at 0.05 level of significance. The result of study showed that in all the selected psychological parameters such as achievement motivation and self concept significant difference was found among the means of three selected level of volley ball players.

1. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ACHIVEMENT MOTIVATION AND SELF CONCEPT AMONG
VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS OF DIFFERENT LEVEL OF ACHIVEMENTS
Dr. Tapan Dutta1, Dr. Sanjay Choudhary2
1 Associate Professor, Nagpur Sharirik Shikshan Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra.
2 Assistant Professor, Shri Binzani City College Umred Road Nagpur, Maharashtra.
Abstract. The purpose of the study was to find out comparison of achievement motivation
and self concept among volleyball players of different level of achievement. A Total of 75 Male
volleyball players were selected as subjects for the purpose of the study i.e., 25 players each from
District, State and National level. The age of the subjects was ranged between 20 to 30 years. The
criterion measures chosen to test the hypothesis were: Achievement Motivation test questionnaire
developed by V. P. Bhargava and self concept questionnaire developed by Raj Kumar Saraswat. To
compare the achievement motivation and self concept of volleyball players, One way analysis of
variance, was used to determine the difference if any, among the volleyball players of different level of
achievement. When the difference was found significant, the LSD Post-hoc test was applied to
assess the significant differences among the group means. The level of significance was set at 0.05
level of significance. The result of study showed that in all the selected psychological parameters such
as achievement motivation and self concept significant difference was found among the means of
three selected level of volley ball players.
Introduction
Success and failure of an athlete depend on the blending of physical conditioning, training,
mental preparation and ability to perform well under pressure and co-operation of athlete with others,
so all the aspects (physical, psychological and social) are needed for an athlete. If one is lacking in
an aspect. It is very difficult to get success in competition. That’s why the coaches must not only
have the knowledge about the skill and strategies of the sport but also should be psychologically
skillful.
Performance in sports not only demands systematic training to develop physical physiological
variable and technical aspect of sports but also demands training and consideration of psychological
characteristics for success in this field.
Volleyball which is an excellent around team sport has become widely accepted as a highly
competitive as well as a recreational game throughout the world. It is now recognized as one of the
most breath taking and dramatic sports of the Olympic both from the players and spectators view
point.
Psychology as a behavioral science has made its contribution for improving sports
performance. It has helped coaches to coach more effectively and athletes to perform more
proficiently.
Motivation is essential to the learning process. The old saying “you can lead a horse to the
water but you cannot make it drink”, is an excellent may to describe the function of motivation in

2. learning. People can be placed in learning situation but if they are not motivated, they will not learn.
In the absence of proper motivation, not only learn process but life it self become an uphill task.
Motivation than is considered as that process by which a child may be prepared to respond to the
situations which are directed towards the achievement of certain predetermined goals or objective. In
the field of physical education and sports, no athlete can win or show better performance without
motivation.
Several kind of identifiable personality traits revolve around what could be considered the
athletes self-concept. Traits such as self-confidence self-assurance, self-enhancement and self-respect
all evolved out of this elaboration of a persons, self-image or self-concept. Self-confidence,
for example, has been identified as being high in athletes by Johnson, and found athletes to have high
senses of personal worth and self-concept.
Therefore realizing the importance of above factors the above study was undertaken.
Material and Methods
Subjects: A Total of 75 Male volleyball players were selected as subjects for the purpose of the study i.e., 25
players each from District, State and National level. The age of the subjects was ranged between 20 to 30
years.
Definitions: District level Players: District level players were those players who had participated in
District level tournaments and were not selected to represent their District in State championship
tournaments. State level Players: State level players were those players who had participated in
State level tournaments by representing their District in State championship tournaments and were
not selected to represent their state in National level tournaments. National level Players: National
level players were those players who had participated in National level tournaments by representing
their state in National championship tournaments and were not selected for Indian team to participate
in international tournaments.
Criterion Measures: The Achievement Motivation score was obtained by using Achievement Motivation test
questionnaire developed by V. P. Bhargava. The Self Concept was obtained by using self concept questionnaire
developed by Raj Kumar Saraswat.

3. Results:
Table-1. One way analysis of variance of achievement motivation and self concept (scores) in
points of volleyball players of different level of achievements.
Variables SOV df ss mss F- Ratio
Required
F- Ratio
Achievement
Motivation
Between
Group
2 1604.19 802.09
100.14* 3.13
Within
Group
72 576.96 8.01
Self Concept
(Physical)
Between
Group
2 1201.20 600.60
63.35* 3.13
Within
Group
72 682.80 9.48
Self Concept
(Social)
Between
Group
2 1225.79 612.90
81.39* 3.13
Within
Group
72 542.40 7.53
Self Concept
(Temperamental)
Between
Group
2 1765.68 882.84
79.25* 3.13
Within
Group
72 802.32 11.14
Self Concept
(Education)
Between
Group
2 1404.59 702.30
95.55* 3.13
Within
Group
72 529.20 7.35
Self Concept
(Moral)
Between
Group
2 1659.84 829.92
102.21* 3.13
Within
Group
72 584.30 8.12
Self Concept
(Intellectual)
Between
Group
2 1621.76 810.88
112.47* 3.13
Within
Group
72 518.96 7.21
Total
Self Concept
Between
Group
2 52755.92 26377.96
583.11* 3.13
Within
Group
72 3529.20 49.02
*Significant at 0.05 level
The findings of the study revealed that in all the selected psychological parameters such as
achievement motivation and self concept of volleyball players of different level of achievement differs
significantly, as the obtained 'F' value among the groups is greater than the required 'F' value at 0.05
level.

4. Table-2. Post- Hoc test of significance for achievement motivation and self concept (scores) in
points and difference among the means of different groups.
District Level
Volleyball
Players
State Level
Volleyball
Players
National Level
Volleyball
Players
M. D. C. D.
Achievement
Motivation
19.24 30.56 11.32*
19.24 24.52 5.28* 2.00
30.56 24.52 6.04*
Self Concept
(Physical)
24.50 28.76 4.56*
24.50 33.52 9.32* 2.18
28.76 33.52 4.76*
Self Concept
(Social)
21.84 26.20 4.36*
21.84 31.72 9.88* 2.15
26.20 31.72 5.52*
Self Concept
(Temperamental)
19.36 25.00 5.64*
19.36 31.24 11.88* 2.32
25.00 31.24 6.24*
Self Concept
(Education)
23.04 27.52 4.48*
23.04 33.60 10.56* 1.93
27.52 33.60 6.08*
Self Concept
(Moral)
21.64 27.16 5.52*
21.64 33.16 11.52* 2.03
27.16 33.16 6.00*
Self Concept
(Intellectual)
21.08 26.04 4.96*
21.08 32.44 11.36* 1.90
26.04 32.44 6.40*
Total
Self Concept
131.24 160.24 29.56*
131.24 196.12 64.88* 4.95
160.24 196.12 35.32*
*Significant at 0.05 level
The findings of the study revealed that in all the selected psychological parameters such as
achievement motivation and self concept the mean difference value of District level volleyball players and
State level volleyball players, District level volleyball players and National level volleyball players,
State level volleyball players and National level volleyball players reveals that there are significant
difference in as the mean difference value between the groups is greater than the critical difference
value.
Discussion of findings
Motivation in general is a process which indicates why people participate is sports the way
they do. The urge to run and play when young, to excel when competing to struggle, when hundred
to prove something when challenged to escape when confined, to be aggressive when angered, and

5. to feel when frightened are typical of man as he matures and develops and moves through life’s many
dangerous and competitive situations.
Researches have speculated on the relationship of physical competence to academic skill.
Improving his or her physical skills may improve the student self-concept, when we feel good about
ourselves; we are perhaps apt to study more efficiently. In other words physical programme contribute
to the development of a favorable self-concept. Athletic programs can and should make beneficial
contribution to the self-concept of the participants.
ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION
The findings of the present study showed that State level volleyball players were highly
motivated in terms of achievement motivation than the other two selected group followed by National
level volleyball players, and the District level volleyball players had scored least in achievement
motivation test. It may be due to the reason that when person work for achieving something new he is
considered to be motivated with achievement motivation. The aspiration levels of such persons are
considered to be high and they show great determination in doing work related with achievement. They
feel happy with their achievement and they remain more anxious for their achievement. As the State
level volleyball players where found to be more anxious in getting selected for national side they might
have found to be more motivated than the other two selected groups. The National level volleyball
players found to be less motivated than the State level volleyball players it may be due to the reason
that the day when data was collected they where having their preliminary round matches and were at
ease which might have affected their mind set and couldn’t perceive the meaning of questionnaire
resulted in showing least performance than the State level volleyball players. Whereas least
performance was shown by District level volleyball players as the were found to be least bother about
their matches and where aware of the out come of matches to be played by them might have resulted in
low arousal level which indirectly might have affected their motivation factor related with achievement.
SELF CONCEPT DIMENSIONS
The analysis of data reveals that all 6 out of 6 self-concept dimensions namely physical,
social, temperamental, educational, moral, and intellectual differed significantly at .05 level of
confidence along with total self- concept when volleyball players of different level of achievement were
compared.
Physical Self Concept
Significant difference was observed between the National, State and District level volleyball
players in physical self-concept. The analysis of data reveals that in physical self - concept the
National level volleyball players have shown superior scores followed by State level volleyball players
and the least scores have been shown by District level volleyball players. Physical self-concept
includes the individual’s view of their body, health, physical appearance and strength. Fitness may

6. have psychological consequences, because enhanced fitness level often has a positive effect on
one’s body image. Thus, improving one’s fitness through sport would increase his positive feeling
about his body and enhance his self-concept, thus physical self-concept changes as bodily changes
occurs.
Body build, energy level and body control are interrelated factors and are directly associated
with the state of physical fitness which further influence the self-concept of an individual. Thus
development of self-concept is based on physical competence.
Thus it happened to be the innate tendency of top sportsmen to remain in bodily healthful and
fit condition in order to execute high standard of performance over a longer period of time which assist
the sportsmen to gain stable recognition. Probably such awareness might have enhanced the sense
of physical self-concept of National level volleyball players due to prolonged involvement with the
game.
Social Self-Concept
The analysis of data reveals that in social self concept the National level volleyball players
have shown superior scores followed by State level volleyball players and the least scores have been
shown by District level volleyball players. Social self-concept includes individual’s sense of worth in
social interaction. The effect of social self-concept on the behaviour of the individual usually depends
largely on how important the opinions of others are to him. Thus understanding of the self is enhanced
by social comparison or the ability to evaluate the self in relation to others. One’s perception of
oneself as a cooperative or competitive individual influences the performance level. Further high
levels of cohesiveness are associated with the greater success and satisfaction.
We know that success, reputation and recognition are earned at the cost of hard labor, high
coordination and lot of co-operation. Once the reputation is established, the individual sportsman
carefully behaves and effectively adjust with his own and other team mates, officials, and spectators
in order to maintain the reputation, which enhances social interaction. Because of such positive
reasons probably the National level volleyball players, who had lot of such experiences in the past,
were able to score significantly higher than other selected groups and thus significant difference
between these three groups was observed in social self-concept.
Temperamental Self-Concept
The analysis of data also reveals that in temperamental self concept the National level
volleyball players have shown superior scores followed by State level volleyball players and the least
scores have been shown by District level volleyball players. Success in the games and sports lies
behind many troublesome hurdles and it march with hard happenings. An athlete will be successful in
stressful competition only if he is able to evidence and maintain a degree of cool temperament and
emotional control.

7. The modern game of volleyball has became fast and played with vigor, where time and again
the tough physical blocking and spiking are committed by one players with the negative intention to
minimize the sharpness of rival’s efficiency which is usually done through playing with the player’s
temperament. On the other hand, in anticipation, the proficient athletes are likely to be more alert and
aware on this factor. Through the process of prolonged involvement with this game, the National level
volleyball players might have developed strong grip on their temperament and thus they have scored
significantly higher than that of other two selected groups in this dimension.
Educational Self-Concept
The analysis of data also reveals that in educational self concept the National level volleyball
players have shown superior scores followed by State level volleyball players and the least scores
have been shown by District level volleyball players.
Educational self-concept includes the individual’s view of themselves in relation to educational
institution, teachers and extra-curricular activities. High proficient athletes of the educational institution
represents their institutions in various competitions and as most of the National level volleyball players were
from the academy, the sense of belongingness and high esteem towards the teachers, educational values
and extra-curricular activities, gradually enhance. Thus, due to all these factors, probably, the National level
volleyball players scored significantly higher in this dimension than that of other two selected groups.
Moral Self-Concept
The analysis of data also reveals that in moral self concept the National level volleyball
players have shown superior scores followed by State level volleyball players and the least scores
have been shown by District level Volleyball players. Moral self-concept expresses the individual’s
estimation of their moral worth, right and wrong activities.
To attain high fitness level, National level volleyball players have to follow vigorous training
programme. They cannot indulge in socially unaccepted activities. They have to be more disciplined.
Further, in the game of Volleyball, the offences are strictly treated through application of
respective rules were the players are warned, temperately suspended and even are permanently
suspended depending upon the nature of offence.
Thus, high proficient volleyball players are expected to have high estimation of right and
wrong activities. Due to such attributer factors, probably the National level volleyball players scored
significantly higher in this dimension and thus, significant difference was observed between the three
selected groups in moral self- concept.

8. Intellectual Self-Concept
The analysis of data also reveals that in intellectual self concept the National level volleyball
players have shown superior scores followed by State level volleyball players and the least scores
have been shown by District level volleyball players. It includes individual’s awareness of his
intelligence and capacity of problem solving and judgment. New and critical situations arise frequently
in the game of volleyball. So, number of decisions and accurate judgment are to be made at the spur
of the moment. Thus, the considerable degree of intelligence, anticipation ability, judgment and
problem solving capacity within the shortest possible time is highly expected to overcome the
difficulties in volleyball. Probably National level volleyball players were highly equipped with these
qualities and thus they have scored significantly higher than that of other selected groups in this
dimension.
Total Self-Concept
The analysis of data reveals that in total self concept the National level volleyball players have
shown superior scores followed by State level Volleyball players and the least scores have been shown
by District level volleyball players. The total self-concept includes the sum of physical, social,
temperamental, educational, moral and intellectual dimensions of self-concept.
From the previous discussion it is evident that all six dimensions of self-concept showed
significant differences between the three selected groups. Thus, the sum of these dimensions is also
expected to show significant difference between these three groups. Because of such reason, probably
the National level volleyball players scored significantly higher in total self-concept than that of State
level volleyball players and District level volleyball players.
Conclusions.
Within the limitations of the present study and on the basis of findings, the following
conclusions are drawn:
1. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant difference in achievement
motivation and self concept of volley ball players of different level of achievements.
2. The findings of the study also reveals that State level volleyball players were highly motivated in
terms of achievement motivation among the three selected groups followed by National level
volleyball players and the least motivated group was that of District level volleyball players.
3. The finding of the study reveals that National level volleyball players were superior in self
concept dimension i.e. Physical self concept among the three selected groups followed by
State level volleyball players and the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior
among the selected groups.
4. The finding of the study reveals that National level volleyball players were superior in self
concept dimension i.e. Social self concept among the three selected groups followed by State

9. level volleyball players and the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior among
the selected groups.
5. The finding of the study reveals that National level volleyball players were superior in self
concept dimension i.e. Temperamental self concept among the three selected groups
followed by State level volleyball players and the District level volleyball players were found to
be inferior among the selected groups.
6. The finding of the study reveals that National level volleyball players were superior in self
concept dimension i.e. Education self concept among the three selected groups followed by
State level volleyball players and the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior
among the selected groups.
7. The finding of the study reveals that National level volleyball players were superior in self
concept dimension i.e. Moral self concept among the three selected groups followed by State
level volleyball players and the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior among
the selected groups.
8. The finding of the study reveals that National level volleyball players were superior in self
concept dimension i.e. Intellectual self concept among the three selected groups followed by
State level volleyball players and the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior
among the selected groups.
9. The finding of the study reveals that National level volleyball players were superior in Total
self concept dimension among the three selected groups followed by State level volleyball
players and the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior among the selected
groups.
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