New generation of copper conductors for overhead lines
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Transmission network operators are facing substantial and even contradictory challenges. A highly variable renewable energy supply and an increased focus on energy efficiency require a reinforcement of the grid, but the resistance against the construction of new lines has never been so high. The new generation of copper alloy conductors can be part of the solution. These copper alloys offer outstanding mechanical properties and a high annealing temperature that makes possible to apply affordable and durable hydrophobic coatings. This unique combination makes the new copper conductors highly suitable for severe weather conditions (wind & cold) both in new lines and in refurbishment projects. Additionally, the high conductivity of copper offers a significant reduction of life cycle costs. This webinar will present the main properties of the new copper alloy conductors and how they allow to respond to the transmission and distribution network new challenges. Also a concrete case study for a 70 km line will be presented, stressing the relevance of the cost of losses and minimizing the total cost of ownership.
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New generation of copper conductors for overhead lines
- 1. Webinar: New generation of copper conductors for overhead lines 2nd October 2014 LA FARGA – gustau.castellana@lafarga.es
- 2. The overhead conductors: historical solutions Copper conductors Aluminium steel reinforced conductors (ACSR) All aluminium alloy conductors (AAAC) New generation: high temperature low sag conductors (HTLS) New Generation of copper alloy conductor
- 3. Copper alloy conductor for OHL - Copper has always been the best material for power transport and distribution. - Cx3 (Coating Copper Conductor), technology to improve conductor properties. Coating: dielectric & hydrophobic properties Copper microalloy: mechanical & electrical properties
- 4. Advanced copper alloys largely exceed Cu ETP used in the past ETP Copper micro alloyed % of copper 100 >99 Breaking load (MPa) 220 From 450 to 650 Annealing temperature 180 >350 Conductivity (%IACS) 100 From 70 to 99
- 5. Top Challenges Facing the Energy Industry CIGRE Session 45 - Opening Ceremony with guest speaker Terry Boston, President and CEO of PJM Interconnection • Electricity demand • Extreme earth and space weather
- 6. ARE THE NEW GENERATION OF COPPER CONDUCTORS GIVING ANSWER TO THESE TWO TOP CHALLENGES?
- 7. Main Advantages of Copper Micro Alloy Conductors:
- 12. Icy conditions Windy conditions
- 14. • Advanced copper alloys offer a competitive conductor for a number of niche applications: • Severe climate conditions • Wind • Ice/Snow • Corrosion • Upgrade of existing lines • Technical feasibility has been assessed by DNV KEMA • Economic benefits proven: • New lines: higher energy efficiency, lower life cycle cost, short payback time • Existing lines: in range with HTLS, but lower losses and simpler to install Summary
- 15. Copper conductors Business Cases 2nd October 2014 LA FARGA – gustau.castellana@lafarga.es
- 16. Business Case 1 DNV KEMA analysis New line
- 17. Conductors compared ACSR – Hawk LA 280 ACSR Eagle LA 350 Copper conductor CAC 185 Additional considered conductors (under the same current conditions) 700 A @ 80ºC Higher investment Lower losses 700 A @ 80ºC / 1115 A @ 150ºC Higher investment Lower losses 630 A @ 80ºC
- 18. Simulated route 70 km – 220 kV Double circuit Simulated but realistic route • PLS-CADD • Based on standard EN 50341-1:2001 • Overhead line route is optimized for each conductor type, based on the specified conductor properties. • Tension vs suspension towers: 1:5
- 19. Copper vs ACSR Payback time: 5 - 7 years - Life Cycle Cost: lower by 10% - 20% ACSR Hawk LA 280 ACSR Eagle LA 350 Copper CAC 185 Cost of losses 183.5 174.9 138.0 Conductor cost 6.8 8.4 21.7 Stringing conductor 6.8 6.8 6.8 Towers & Foundations 32.3 33.9 29.2 Maintenance NPV 20 years 5.7 5.7 5.7 0 50 100 150 200 250 M€ Breakdown of Life Cycle Costs for new lines (M€) Cost of losses Conductor cost Stringing conductor Towers & Foundations Maintenance NPV 20 years
- 20. Business Case 2: Extreme Ice + Wind Conditions
- 21. Ice load = 15 kg/m Ice densilty = 700 kg/m3 Wind speed = 32 m/s (115 km/h) Ruling span = 120 m Conductor of 28 mm diameter (ACSR/AAAC) THE ICELANDIC POWER TRANSMISSION GRID: • Volcanic eruption • Earthquakes • Avalanches and landslides • Lightning's • Salt pollution • Accumulation of snow • High intensity winds • Ice loads 2nd September 2013 Extreme Ice + Wind Business Case 2: Extreme Ice + Wind
- 22. Business Case 2: Extreme Ice + Wind Selected conductors Less Resistance Same tower tension Less UTS Double ampacity Less sag
- 23. Business Case 3: Extreme Wind Conditions
- 24. Business Case 3: Extreme Wind Conditions Instead ACSR HAWK compared with: - ACSS HAWK (not pre-stressed) - CAC-185 McKinley High extreme wind: 225 km/h
- 25. Business Case 3: Extreme Wind Conditions Selected conductors Less Resistance Less tower tension (-10%) Less UTS More than double ampacity Same sag
- 26. Top Challenges Facing the Energy Industry CIGRE Session 45 - Opening Ceremony with guest speaker Terry Boston, President and CEO of PJM Interconnection • Electricity demand • Extreme earth and space weather
- 28. Thank you! www.lafarga.es C-17 Road km 73,5 – 08508 Les Masies de Voltrega (Barcelona) gustau.castellana@lafarga.es CONTACT
- 29. Questions?