2.  The term biodiversity is a shortening
of biological diversity
 Biodiverisity = Bio + Diversity
Life Varieties
Biological diversity" means the variability among living organisms from all sources
including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the
ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within
species, between species and of ecosystems.(CBD, article 2)
Biodiversity comprises of nothing more than flora and fauna.

3.  What does Biodiversity depends upon?
◦ Climate
◦ Altitude
◦ Soils
◦ Presence of other species

5. Altitudinal variation causes 11 bioclimatic condition to exist in
Nepal(according to Dobermez)

6.  Soil formation is related to the physiographic zone.
In the Terai, the soil is alluvial and fine to medium
textured.
 In the Siwalik Hills, it is made up of sedimentary
rocks with a sandy texture, while in the Mid-Hills
soil is medium to light in texture with a
predominance of coarse-grained sand and gravel.
 The soil in the high mountains is
shallow, stony, and glacial.

7.  According to Biodiversity Profiles of Nepal
1996, Nepal ranks 10th in terms of richest
flowering plant diversity in Asia, and 31st in the
world.

8.  It is estimated that 246 flowering plant species are endemic to (only found in) Nepal(Shrestha & Joshi, 1996)

9.  Anthropogenic factors causing extinct of species
 Scanty research
 Poaching
 Subsistence and Biodiversity not established
 Policy merely to hoodwink public

10.  After 1950: Nationalization of forest
 Forest Act (1961)
 Soil conservation & Watershed Act 1982
 Forestry Act 1992
 Forest Regulation Act1995
 National Park Wildlife Conservation Act 1973/1993
 EIA Guidelines for Forestry Sector 1996
 Environment Protection Act 1996, and Regulation 1997
 Buffer Zone Regulation 1996
 Plant Protection Act 1997

11.  National Conservation Strategy,1988
 Master Plan for Forestry Sector, 1989
 Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan (NEPAP I), 1993
 NEPAP II 1998
 National Biodiversity Strategy 2002
 National Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan 2006

13.  CBD in 1992
 As a promise of CBD Nepal formed Biodiversity
Conservation Strategy in 2002
 World Heritage Convention ratified on 20 June
1978
 Ramsar Convention on Wetland of International
Importance 1971(Ratified in 1987)
 Signatory to CITES in 1975

14.  Biodiversity conservation and livelihood of people
should be established on philosophy of quid pro
quo(reciprocal exchange)
 Poaching and smuggling of rare and endangered
species of plants and animals should be ceased.
 More adequate result oriented research need to
be initiated.
 Invasive plant like Mikania micrantha should be
checked.

15. Rhododendron Orchids Cordyceps sinensis
Rhino Bengal Tigers Cow Daphne or Lophophorus

16. Thank You!
End of Presentation!