SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 143
A
llr
,vt
rfr
Qr
l1
Id
)1,
t
0
0)
1)
,t)!.u
Y.tt I
Il/
]vrPol
C.U
6 o.l
OT
Vp
mt
T.(
t
tb
1
+
0)
)/
r=
'h
;x
:,
tt-
Lv
v?
b!
(
T
b'0 toT r/ur)"V
([yrVBvur][ill
i; tP.5llr'^[lq
orrgfio60ynrpr-il
OOVIIy IA0 I'$ A i s
rrroF r^r i,s . L,,rV ,ln F
S.'. ) tBli.o cI:lU
ofieuoE0rlnrorJ,i
OQYIIy 146 ir} A I g
Vq(nm.JuuVQm(
+rfr cqsrqr< cqrcln
HqGlsErdeEm
tfQlr
4t-61 ({Fsl{ld c{f[T{
Eqrq
"TQ
ccrq'el< cqrG.{ rr.]Ersfi
q1'{ eisl{ {Fl, )ecs; cr$flli. )blo
1Y{lcrTd"l dFf i, )8)); E-lt, roo8
1i-+{ {E t {'1'1, )st)i cwflfi, to)c
er€Fls Tft< qT<!q
ryTl
Tf6rr car q*r<?s z-E !Taa! q 65,'lulai
{q<ll, UFI )ooo, il"nllril
(sf{ irsqills
web www.Porua com.bd
sql qcffi< Tl*ts
Ttq ,l3qsi-{d fuB fiG-ll
5lF] fi{ftErF{ {t6 # tbb GOT s{l)
+,EI{r. lrfi )ooo. il"a]I-.J
{rr, 1ifli qrt!G.,l sl
ISBN 984 8l4l 5l 11
Eqqui
flepaar5 a1a]tqtl3 aEqr$
+rQ cqqqm cft{{ +ti-cs1a< rr,r r
lt€iq qrF<rf< qfifi u
qefi ci6{a.R €|q.{ aei a8
Eqtr {(Tdr*i 9frfl t(
e?,'rr flfoEq : q(qrr< q{ il
fi"Cr rfuEE : r'sr F3E eo
gC{ "ifrtph , qriifL s frr+ flJ4&-i ,Ei1ut ,eu
r9d {irer : q{qEt< c,igm Fcr aj
qft! qErE{ , furotqfrii< wviqn u."
$ {i'cqq , qitliq! tq
rc{ qfr'cEq, fiEin ()s8t-)ltq) )o(
qf! "iftEc , qlmq. ,tBc a "ir{Slq ))b
afr slErq< qt6ffiTlBF{(inrafi
oGl orolqj 6q7nq lrohj !br)) EII{]I!< rqri Qi1-t-Fir ,!- sqq;
T+! ffi E-ar e{r e+ fiTi ra{ftF sfu .rk :r1!l AEq e rq{{
qdfio qtvm sqlri] fu6-r c cftarot< trre-<t<i 4ql<qEs 'i<-R
Gfl+ ql eflqi ffi13 lifnc €lro q<'i]a{
"r<
.r {rfu< ffi T(n
$t-61 flr'qa.I{ arlar{ arI6qffiq rfirirfo Tffi !q6-{
ffi qifiis trL4d dF,..Tu ffi. q{,ftr- ftrq i1ffifo I B€n
tErE? ir< {i-rf € lT]fu s<iq!q, {aq, {<r{, ({r!'mt e-,!lr f{etn ii'{cil
ol sfu 6q oi qi Tffi sti EFEI< trt,r r-TEl al-Tcqr Fta
tTrO{< c{rcrl :o?,5fl1i-'. ffi6F'. 'qlq u.'IE.i tftitq ,! fu@F
Eirc< dr< <q qi{ft{ e?t eii i;t< itq< ,llfErEr4i
"rf<}r {ia -ri l].
lrrqi.-r 1i{s ?t"{i -i!Ti €r6t-t s:fqt r-efiFrR€ "tl?or <sd :rri
<rlarerq-rr fci{+{ fi6ri ftxte <rqm n< n ii;r qr-(.r
"]frTa-<
'flrts-mr< iGcrn )blo 5tIE Tl(4 qa]rsil r..io al';r ++tfie <l
1-iE]1*i {:i{.. {nE-nI6< {'r qrttr qr?affi+ {{ :snfta qEl {3"
e<<tii €ffi{1q F<E. o:ln .a,rsl 'tq{ nl q;rF d+(E{ q{ nqfl cqrs
dqz< +o:,fqs. Ar+rffi irrfii< fir+r <di, $ie'r< {6.rrd, T1t{r{,
<rqm-aFlq. FrgqG. {61 r1. A"]-o]. nf+.1t, fit".Gfi. cqrii{.xE
eo.!e. Etfl eErliE { EIh fmre", ET tqq 3 {<"r-eir<, q]F{ftr sfu5
m-ra< (liG-r '{4--ltG-< lf:;ql q <4'"1:na-T(Pa (i,da+ Tfr.l 'i {.ac
rtrtfr q{<lq€ TJI fa,r+ lN <rq(F "( ,jgn qfith€ TJl. q-.Fiq!
T{ q6{ q{ff.i {ti t '
ilfr ercnqri <n"ft< arfr c{Ioij< Ftrra:r< {mflr din emrm
T4dq 3t$n< Fjir{ "]<1:r.l oocor mq q<q o<ii 'rFiE
lfcq Csr€
'rziT1q< +nq <18 TnqE {t< aa{ q-fl Tli v..ri FtGi ffi-rim cqtln
rFlbaB.rzrr ,!i tss E(hl1 l1f4 {c<
:,c {6 (ils, qfiqt<l
o qn, too8
filqq[ qE r$t
ftQ-sr$-{rrdgfr-st
sir T16 (TlEEri qrcr-,!i cfl '4frs,llrfi lGqc'cR6 ftEt ,9FnsS' c{r{
Sblo
'n'(q
eFhr Er"ll €{fui fu qr qtss c. E t{ 9]I'l tF atE {crEq irq
T{(ql q{fli Fdl EC{ I Tl<.1 cslT {{l crsir.li vfusln {FITr rra ffi
)bst, EI$t' q qfr{6 arT6 FGraEirTqE qqr{< "llt$IFi cfio {"'fir
crrdr.ri c! qi6 dFr< (cG qq (11F rB{ 6{rB.t qEn r{t'fi ci{l r rflT
€fis cr$Iq frfr .{ <tE? sr{Mfu c(5lr r1l{{ rd.sr srcs crn-{ GR r c{
frfi (q@i rEis <dTl.{ q{Fls S,IIE rfrls3 {flqtr ilE< {Eq lBs s
qrn'r] qTlE
Er €Ii cD} TrilE{ r vtfi rsT< ffi, <!fr< ar fr{{ qTS q1q,
seI{ n(rfft{ {rcq fiff.{ cc{rql "tth+ ot !i|6o 4fl<i r
idTE rrs-<rR qri qsil qfr'sl c.rtn nfi qrR E rd cFls {6lIE r s1!
Trrfl.t 611iii ,gTii Efofi crrtrGs <!1a r qE ngr c+ti S+t< cl,{.nrst
q{cgl k{ it r fu {6{I{ €mEir {rr q{ru{ cq nE EB{ <e-({i rr$ diE'i6<
iE-{q Ficil qcnT iyl .16{'111 (cftE, qfrretr c<r 1TtL<! IEEftqg E!i.{
rffi{ llbIq, qr fi rfirsfrle- rg-{ It.fir qlt$fii cF&" re alft.T !qF.{
eFcqd {lrg B1QE {dE q{ ala qsE yfr'{E ercflq{ | qtfrs q @l.{6{
1fuaro <n rra aiafe r
itF< la,rq {, {d.d {t{ T<Irs "i<r{i .{ ,{(' 'lF}(qd ffB ff{{ s
,n{Ii fi'-{lr'R iB.{5 a( slA-{ € q1${ rffi[lr< €314 qfrfi< iqrd
cqqt ?Er(q r fr's'Tiri ,I{Eti yElr]T EsJs EE "lfr'{cl (s!F riEir.t )s8
1tt, <drr< awrr* :ea 16t) cFF,? qqrs E$eti 4rq {FlF< Ei fiT{rnl.{i
,GE{ !tt+I[{ c]{c{ Bqfu TcrFr I q dIq <!-{r Fl1q (l!F! s{FiE 16r {nni5
itll.d rt{{i ftqrqi ilE Gfi €re qfr+m qlftirar r fte q rls ,e 116 c{
'a{E cfifrr {Dr{ q3r,arc c{ (c1IFd qt* fr+C{l qnfi-s qrrir €a{H {6re El
ilG 'lgrqi 6{ill m I sI], qr{ls rG, CI, ,q q-q {r{R q{J 6{rr$rs 0 EE
qi
qM€ !{n: qff{ rfdsfi[ e qBrq &ffirr< erm S"n 66 ers {crcq r
qli qT{t TlC qqi{ qn CI ,lF6fsI Affi_{ s qr{s eq ful s rrSf(fr
FlTn<r qFE{ q{s & TF GqnF &ft TIR cs Q 6qq {6{ qls q{$fiEq.<
ftg ftg ofi c.tr+ m< r
ig{r ceEro rFrqr (I lG'{l{ slits EtfiE q qs qc{ <ts<.flE iGeI{ |
EdR I q$F iiG-@r qvl nFIsi TlEBEli{ € fiT{]Isfr{ fi-srrR ift"{.{ qcq
fr-(Ere-Irr <ffu 4rIE I Errii idflr ssff{ "|rt{Is .{h 1fftf yE a€ {i1s
'ir(< I {ln.l .! {L'fr fuI{ .lF ftR q,{.lq 1r{
'rws
,mn I
'|PrlEl ,iffi+ s iB-er{Etrlin qr$ elT{E q]E R$l-r .rEi F{| m I
setaE tl+r crel, qrqEwi ffi q<r
feE e rftrcr< gm en +.crr r
G5n-;< cFmfi uF{l snfr-oa 1ftlE.lfe ftq 6-6 cqr," qrsi{5l<la B6qdje-E
{Bfi fiS{ Trl firilE{ r) frO{s
'Trlq
16q{ 1f'{ 4{rl} ft?r* c<( 5EEr
.n{I !.lEqf,q s a,+(sd Efuflr rA EIfu< sii.rrir ErE-{ {r{16r cE{ {q ;II r (q
frTcs qrile cil ElE fi.r (,llnq sIi qft D g+jE, 4firs{ lG=qc (q<(
{cRq lG{qs 6 q{|&-s &frn E"R qG6s q i6jit 'frtrsi ir qmI .ifit€
rq{ fr1G lns FLifi L ,e {.5fii 'tfi-+ uttc<l o rcl e6lc .aE IGEIc I ({Cq
r]al vFi, 'ifcsl-d T{ 'iftsi c{ t(Elit Is sl {{, {€E "iT6]FR
qrll
'ffq sE
ol.{rcq 6ll{r E6 qc{sln,l q<iTN qrel {fisrrninElfr_{ s 'ta€qnt
q[{{
cE!!i cfifi-s cErIT qtfrsl.i $ino qaAr ftg <+N i| qtteft qft{(Ti <I'l
qir{ oGElfi€ q&{ FlTl? <{ r)
T6{l{ dfftE ffirgi qefi Twfi ,!i cTqr{ fr3E {c{(E q qE{ cil.{€
c q+<FE qft i5r{d5B frq{ EIErr dtr6s 6]i {, qEI< {r<.1lg, {tiir+ Eg ftrc<
fi( qlqstr{ 6-$ iii.E E6 -<r< , oflol< q ifri'11-r {o q.-Su ofr,F;o .,0,
Q.iI]t l(rls {6{ | ,t qq 6! Tiri fr{tsd EIg< {iI {anaq, qqns cr r{ €{cr<
qrflqft< <nrri qqfifi e sqnfi c(rs]q6r nlr]i qtfr qrl< eirftT qfic r.lrR,
sr< efcrsr{ t',9T8 igi fi!trs ritr{6E {c6 "llrr I
nFr< rIlrw fi{r& tt{rfr rlgE qfrre-{ t&{cs q$6 4&-fts s
qFfu efufi
-
q rqri| ,er.q ,rG tt+i ffis{'f q${rfr rFi(s T{rE € it I
Efi r(5E q {sna A<'1< {ili "lIar sfu{r{st'i Ifl fli I seEs, ,l&sa r.i
Trtr{, fiq erq r;ril "lGo <rrc8t ECtrir fi.B:ffi qlfuT 6ffi Ot s]G <rE r.{
T1T{ I qtG-< {Rfirs <l{E 4IF eEFr, Ter, lEInlEk, ,!ii-{, 16tr, s16{
ffi sl86-$ qrGFqTls {E t]R ct613 rrl rcE r qi +Ei <cs.q qi 6r,
"tFliqdqlfi l&-{].nd c< iIftfi q<r frfi ,a rrs, 'f5lEi ,l&sdi r{q.q nI{F EFt { |
Et&n ftac 'ifiE
.s Fic.r.{< tsg< <nfii (s4 fi,E "iITF dl<l 1fu .{. (s.qg efn
,!<56 -ir<l+a .{.1
q,FF liaa+n <t "x'6rq {AE{r1fu.ii 6 {nfufl,"'< {iE 56n tn'rt nft}r
Eftrln iF(rr[d r;nF $aq ac Fi<a! fi* nfiTr-l
.-r d{ irr,! Ii€ fo":<
<o1iEo< ir.rEla s 't1irs<
anq "ii6E 1cl]]1 +lE: ,:r ef&niti<r tsi-1rffi,
"ifil-.
r,5lii1ir-n a<1 fTEF s flfr,iftftlrn sf.Ti srll$E {{r4 T+r qfrEd {
ii..,rr-r --,,lfi €l.n .Iii
(l niag TnFraitnaE.< !i E^rs- lqil nhfui U4Jl Tn i.lq,q {r fu'rn? fii:'N
crqi -.rniiiirr,i qlq c'!,rn 5lr il5 al6B <ts3 q[']. {ir+r qfi s.
1ifu+ afio otc"i:o= 'IEIi r<i 1iJ <lFF q,.1i6rr i,1n64 qlrrr 6!Tr "ld
qr<h-s >o,ffi artF .nrF ?Efi rFO< ?Fft, rrrfdi{fl aEaftell< so Gfu+
'ihfi,fv crlT E"F. 'irrfl 91fiilF a{Tiex)o+q t{41r. Trll-4+lr+ etFrl6
.:!--1< .f': 1.! lC )da _tr._
a![n ) .2I3'  ct3 -'r4 1?r+
q]
irr3r]< -k ,!<r E"t a<tiftr- f;fil .!I+,lnl )o. <nffira,il ao-dF.r ) c,,,ro cb "Ffe
1rr+ 1al- 6= TF?r< 6<- !r<< eo 4< sr-rl61o .!1i 1.1 so eli -l;r <lFBli
<,di- na1 . rln dq.' <En .4'1re zqr 1. ta -4.{.-,..; ) -.-ll Y
a<lirT-r ).)(=)X,!oi+ox!o+)=ss.)) .lf<.ir.- t'<l loi rir. a{rl f;tf- ) i,
"rJ
q ar.r ar< )o5 fr-1-qE €+ +Gqd fo€ n3F< .F fiIo -F F-.nn ft!]ril
El<l <$r- ,]ris fikr..! Flra i,ro "nr<ft rl! lii, -L"1s5rq3 1r.'ll {lrcij
g<i q,.Ba .or{aE-<
di.r,+ro: ({.'n]n "iriiuri) Fll -r< ,.€ut< "fn {fi <lfffid
LT{oiI4< }r-glaqF qeiie rd Er<'.<t (sr{r(Erf e.o /.!Lo t.6 q,6<.-qr+riE
Ji{ari) <irfidnT4. dr4 f i m- 81",rc ftaa <r11tr .i]+
nJi!aF< at?l lFaumji .]cr r<roa.
=E
qil ,4in -I4.3< -.€l<nl nir cl i] Fs
'|{.-{.l;r-.<
rrd: {r1?dii. }'<",!"li€n
"hE (-:;rF. !" f-ft4 i.inn rEG) 1+6,
iif,a fr.n 5 rir[] fi1t- 'iLo ni. !14 q*r<r 4ilrIl rii?ri fi1! ( 42ll
.r-nF rar a?4 -< rrl <t" +a.p "'m N' 1Er 1rrl, r.'. <u t-4" t'"Ca
) a?rrs b r:ilij.E. ':1<r sil ftm !o (Ea+ 5o ail?T. {<i t-F irtl fi4 !,r aqrF
boD a4<'TE (i:+ -lnFI t8, nla qfi EE 4F -r;r slq ,qfo 4I-:ronr liF fi
+3ro .IIJ.- )
Frg 6iTa.r 1a<- rn
"t-Tar€.fr€<l V.rT?r;., tirfit+ lt1-E,1fi Fi-
EE €it :Fl T€< ,! A.r;n fiell<.$*ti ,eoo 5F< arerdi! r-rr! Tnk-an
{nl 11 so iifi4 1F+ qis1l"a "rhfu tBrii€ {fJEd {qq ,i}d arf{'Aa
"faudfi 1< .rFl "]fi:n o<re q,fi . oFrEiist ..o ir 'lelr Eri.ro "nqEi.
il€<l )o ,!r qb-n o<"j .!m 1rrl< <tQl< Ftl !" fifea sr <Frd )._fsiii+
'.iln lre- 'thfu< E-El<n.T. ,ii.r4i:n!1]lEi ,. 'i-fu Sriin -r{a. E5l'1o {as
4?a. -,1tr. oa" '"d. /' _--- e -Dr 4 E? " q ' +' - ,.n ,'t .-< g''' l'"
<I5i {<1 it infuF c rirrtj'a- !ret< ftlFti qd
FFrfu {frs q(T"ilsr {qe CFrcc)
rr
rIT
eIr
8y
ow'
ow
1v
'wow
!! <r
rr <lf
)e<IlT
)8<y
)a <Y?
rs<ffi
!q<v
,n<f
,n<w
o<
rr <r
rr <Ir
rs <Ilr
i8 <Y
ra <w
is <ffi
rc <?
c'<f
rb<w
s! <<r
sr <(Ir
se <<Ir
o8 <(Y'
.a<<w'
?,r<(m
.r<(v
or <<Y
e6<(w
eo4
st AY
s{lT
*dnr
'.dY
'odW'
'o{ffi
"14v,"4v
s64w
o.-$
or{r
o.4f
*-4rr
ie{Y
o"4w',
oo4flI
o.{V
oo{f,
o'{W
i)
r)
r 4(Y &W e"
()) (al) (8s) (8,)
), cl, 8r9, 8o= )Xgo'+oqxgo:+8gxg.+6oX)=n)Ro.o
Tr<Y ffi.w
Q, tl <,f e,lol,b
e) <Jlffilr 'i6l€1E )8q s< <,1 G t)'gob -l a-T{T {ailrE s?n6 qlrq i.
ic ()Xtc+tx!.)=)81. .r<1 <'j s-lol.5 = sX!+oXso+exo'!"
=t jgo:i) g g<! s {r ltq lltn -ii+ ai.-"1 1-Ar afifi;l aa<zel
"rc<6ore 1J4< oofr 6+c EBf<- <dai ,
! arl.!, tb "l{E
q$lrl
fu q rrlqjl Tn'F c{l{ !ftq ,9+{ {is q{s {r{r 4 r qrlft q fr{r{ rs
cfFI el<fi q{c{Ii 'ifiI'l66 {(9- q_6r vJs lFll!;l 4 r 'rfl_65rdl 6lttl
qlgJlffi, qftm€ Gsrfr'dqlEi nl< nffs t q n(A6l qfi, qFrdl qr{$l{:i
',rtrIErq" lJr{6 cqri5i Ell_€ irl"Ie I
aift-qrri Cs W{{ )o-Gft-{ {fi-{ qi-"ig-{ qqBi (Place value Notation
with Zero) eRdr ldEq q {Cl +i[rd q&? TllH qr(E I iIF.nrR TElEil l:|{lri
fr'n< >o-1iftn nm & qDfiE F elAn frilr ), )o, )oo, ... ,
:,oo,oo,ooo cgGe vv fu Gd ES{ <r{qo F I qlffifrq ?Irs r*F{R'
(sand-Reckoner) iffs q6{ cs,s 1{s n$n (qqn qtG r(ii Flr{ r qB Fr{E
Frqfu so-&ftF[ qEG-r qgql ?th-+ ve'nw mG- "n{rs]-d r(tl qr &ft
Eq .eo-qr qfu )","o,oo,ooo (E l cillF) q<( qrs tr] ilfift n1q{< h
I qffi&{ 6s s"-Gfu{ rtfi "lEfu E]q fi-cr fu ,! rEr1f{ q6Gr BsFr
<rqfu{i q filr{ rrqlqr 6{fr di.l 651i1 il
- vo-,!3 <nrq )o,oo,oo,ooo_G
dmB Gft {r,| q€ Tr]:l {(s] qFfr{ s{q E q{{ qffi&I-qtr &E rs-6lfrfi
T{i afii <trtr @{ q<m 4 vl'i E'61 €r"t lisF "1TL3
r qffiGq ftS1i r)'l
qfi Tgrfiq s.lfirirt r onns aTLq f{qin tii i_FI< T, <s{< s5fnE Eni r
qar<t o{{€ QrE qrrl ({ :Idt <t qe.{ q{{_fi F{ qlffiTF< ncor sft-€r3
"llEs rg< {sfi r <llfr{fu tr fu-,i1Qq{ qqF qffii rEc{d cril{ q<( slT 4
a[flG-{-ft?GT d9h-{E Fnfircr ofi qfiTl,i q<(
{qk rtl eo-qi frfuI,
nfi Ffl €i ,lo-ftfts ut.t{t ffiGi BER!Td qA s{]l Tli.l) Erqri Erql< < lr
qllrn q<r <q rrq {fu-Trf+$'Cr< .Ei]n CI fiG< EEF{ !dEq, qTqr TrGi
,rcE fi qlR6s fiG e{fl6 qGqEcq srre 6-{l i56{ s qcE{ I ({€5, lill.(i
Ftft'r& lir,a<(fr'r<-iifisrir $i-e'FE rd cICl1frrs 4 lnrq qffiGcli Eq'{
dE ft-{ fi s6i, ltii 1l flT F-{i qlt{ fio r)
rgrs fuift:r< )o-&fr-{ n$il csqi IAq 6Ec{ qrls-(Tfili' .fl?
qFtr'fr&-{ q}{ (octad, rFm {Rqri eRdr sI< qrs, q'ris, IE-cfi {(sl €l1II
,4T c{ifr, ),oo,oo,ooo, etlgrn ,4i5 6+lE 6dE
-,!ElI<
sE EIiGr-rl aEtrn
n(rmar{rcF {lG-rrcEr 4Bl q-f(E )o-GGf (fis ,Frfrft-{) qfi$ s$qrl
,thGi € (qFs, !.,1.s, 1q{, ..., cot, ro c6]fi, ... i-sifi)r .1 s{fir 4rr
<nfterir 1.-{fu e 6l-s {&E$ )o-lBits (tryT{) c"i1n,llq{ Em{ ffi.ll ElE
TTiI qFFF
'iIGFI L
t{Tq {fr{ q(s"nE4 r6Gi sEfi lr{t qF qfti fi{ {tr r cft {cfl
efics:rFll{ sll llfl {sFE (ssT{ cTT{ cqr$ cltqF boo &$rq 4{s) I
Il]rEr to-1Bft-{ € T{ q(ifiE q$ cqrF "|q&r q!4{ rcdF qr< ot
{nffirlEi rFl fiF fu il r qii iI{ lii' ft(<Ei} T1" q fiEts cffi .{
Tifr4ft'{ ,ifi nhiG< nl.q qRGs irG<'f TIfl rs,]st.r L! {fi nhGi qFfi
.Irffuri (fii <{r$T io-Gft-{ 5r.l.{l 1s&< {.{ 'lGGs
qrE"{, Eli so-.4i <5'F
io-ri! Gft-{rn q<q Trifurr{)r rlftqi i!frG.q qfl, !s.-Ti' rrGr 8oo-n <FFt
eso-6{ {atr II{ frinli aTt efi qs (E1rqi clIt-r qT{l< aG s(al afi-a a6 1"
qq i5li 1G c"l-e) |
rtrET{ tfiq ro-F&{ q{{{E{ .iqG
0
e l 2 3
5 6 8 9
t0 12 t3 14
t5 t6 17 t8 19
20
I
21 27 23 24
25 26 27 2A
m',m= 1+r+r t"-leC+ qlFs qrF{-r "l5fu I €iir jt"r ( I Fn ) (r1T& a{at ( )
I]<r o r<r<"fril tE .<( {m< rtqnqj ,!i (e,r{ tfti 1{s rEir 1s | -t<,f< Ei !r<5 Trl
Its. qq6< r{Tn .!rr, Tr1 Ft qa< I]$rin q$ 61T{ {ail sn fu Er . qftfi
,o., ,ooo rTlFr J.X)o, !ox)ox)o. !Tqr< EC{ qln Joo < q$1 11.r toxto,.ln
<n6lE e,go ,!l( 59dlr< <1 )ooo (r q{61{an q. osoxt,. ).ooo,€< qi{1arn
F osoxtoxto... lE)fi l
6c sa6i jd t1 Gm l" mrrFr €c{E. {r{< m a0 G.ri tN .<tar(al <rrE
(.!.lP ro G64 +rnr rEG) n]r]trl c"3n F,rE fl-r"nFr .i. T<( Bfi r.rrd fi.r ,
flr or6f.rs b. )8. a, ). tt EtaT anRlE ,
)tx)+rxlo+ex(e9o)+)3x(euoxto)+rx(osoxloxto)=5to!b)t
sE fiys se[ 6iT< qat]i +Tiq q{r< IE s, rl+.s< iirn .{oit qliftn
ltar Elan Fr.t< s inli{1" {qN {6.ln ip r.l lllni-- nJQE € aii.Fn .!
,arF -faf." r {f!a !r<r?,{,63tc, ., FrFr., f .n? r<1: .rT" qF:
ql-tiG.{< "rci' ,i{i Effil q€$ rsi {.rEd qni5ftfu.Tr flIqfun5 3
qtfuo qftsET< 15fi Atffic. FEnd. q@tir Fdr.i €isrfi- -Iie {€-
tl
i,rFffrfucTr qqzr ft-t< <nfi+cm I{qJfoE Etd € {rFl qqa€r 6,tqi qsrlio
Z{Eiii qa,rfu {€< ?a< ,-r4rE Tu-] nfrelll { ffilri qiisR €a{
lf'"{tlfi kfl1 <jr{€ {<. .Bq q{61 q<r q'fi fina-{ff
er'la-ioti fu.i< € <nii{..rr ,lf#l a! 'rjetia6 $€tii- -a<EE E,ln {lrr
"ra<T!:
qmq aq€-{l rrc etin- TJfidrn ailrn e "xfi,rl,tE< (6"n Asrlfiior) E6r
sl{]4 rnrnfui ft.]I< Eltffi< Efrl a<Fr Emlq i!'trrr e]g1i:<t q1fii ft(l
Flriii-< Eil et!]al fls 6c< '.llri-c. ft<rc'l1{lc oT'r "ilsE'1l li']< c {r1I?ia
te]arrii -]{fi er{aE4 ,!<( qriili € 'rf4o'nd
qllr:rn .I<aqi li'L{<
t.d]ft9<r EFrE" a:l .e. 8- 4 (€c ?86 Ftrr, <rr Ga{ tr98 'r'F c<cq c}rfr
fl.flft liw !] .{ ri15rdER Z<FIB E(8. e +,1 =c ,! {q {nF'riiraF-<
.iltps qqrar 6r iti <<r r5r<l o. 8, ci o. )t, )s q.?f. qrt""l] Eil it1fi fui1"]
nr<fur.rn a!'etil iiar r{r4ifi iiwq ffi rF<r {]lr .l rrnrfi m i{"lllt?n (rrn
li,fitnar EA ri{l (Ptthrgorcnn Triple) <a i'TI 5e <laa< {€<- anfiail
rfr"lfi*i a?tr.? ln"lt.flr|l i"i .m ,rftfuo i1"i;fi r-id,rT<'n q€,'n
-ara
raam,nili a,r G1..]Fffi 6rfnfirsia< ?]!11+6n o q , as a+F ai1drfi fugaq<
q'F,ijq,6. i'r< _srf;*E
<'1 q,ir ll <Er i3*-< -lfEE <,t!,G< n'{ft< 5{F
()) $fri fti.ril{ {!r,TrEni-. faFt- sa. h,i. .... ) ..F1fr ?-is c1"fi< eAo
qn nTqt I ,!4 a4rfi a{rfr r{o csrll EFm]ll F,11 a!E. -r< (Fan rg t",Tls
33:
3t"q93q
tEP
E
;;6;-a
-lste-4,
6
sl+{ tuli}* q(Tq]E{ qsG
_9
I.
T
ai
)
*I: g c)
)8
(q) ("r)
(r) qliri Fr.rih BFUE e.i4"Ae- ,i616,
(+) iX)oo+cx)o+,rX)=tc9i
(rl) 8X)ooo+sX)o'+lX)o+lX)=89tt
@lt@t
@_ll %t, l
I : ll--]
(c) elfir 1i-lrj EXI('] a.i"[< "lhfr
Ii.lr{< f'r3ti'r,!, (<( a6l"r. *-T-ti< "iz{t< .11-r< nnet .1<nr 6t- ,iGi EBrr
6renr < >rsq 6rfi1ia qrlnfu< Frr .lr{Fa<1 ol<1id !r"?r+ oiftior.e rs
'r,-F te ..5r,cr: .,a- r .n ?r", rr+{rd !t r.rx: :F jo
-r-. ig'r, ar<c=. "r"+t. .m. .?, .rr_ ,r ^-r l,<n,fi j <,rF. F,E
,"1.!c 6.< s.1n. .
T,. l:d e ft .< ! .8. I - ,-i"r
lTgl $rl a4.-str< EXli-T l-rLtE n -fi {llo lrje _.r1 q*
"[""S"r-
4
<:-_5i: d.<1, ".-. ::-'<': r'- d.Fa.: 1 .r>: - .. <]t:<??tj "- j
; ;-5, e-l{a!r <l qta.il6 tfr"r<tr fua r{c+ )o) ?rio anffil E:I(tz4
i:I.tirn EXI..I-i er6]1 6ir {crq r"lt.
i)):).)=r_++
iir 18 C, !18 lel
e))!,r) = r-+l)l cg gcii 1c,9
.d{:a< )r.. {.t4, a- 6., : rs--.. 13?.: :.. ! er".E Te" {n
rt n. 6ritn .ilM<Ii fii5{fi 1eu3ebauer) r;n Afir,r a-xrrfu Frr 1i.t?t-
sX'i'i (llglprirr) Frrclioni)-{< -"]l ,rT<3.n <i,fl !-1< a6ln 'lrii,.i €ii
<=.
99,tflflry
m!t[1]
:_
)o
q1i {r{ ffi e]a-ffirq< ql{rA! sF[ dr1l ,eR slaa ffin nBr53
EFqcqFd q1<Fi sir{ r q< sld qrdt <nffin iliE r-trd sFrs clr<Q r
't],6t-si 'l-crFr{ir,
fi{l {1{8, rffirqi i(FT<lEl Tri ,irir lBrl.n c.(-l.{ 6rF{
q({r+t EIs rralFr <{{q <n 9i iGErr (rcfi I
li,lai{ E$(fi EsqG c{{r <cd {q c$l itr{rr5n Fdli E["ir.!i qrTil ,!s
oen <ir q+ell r m{ nftsi rEri cR{ fi, ), I (Q!s <Bt.:Fr< qE q*
xrlu-< ftnAi. sflrrr.li ElG"sj EPRq €{l qr.q ((s{{ r.-,9i ftqAE I , s ,!i
ft"i*s : , qnffiro sFrB eo-fofu.5
'r.rfl
qqf,Ei ar<rq Fns r-o'a h'tit'
eo, s-qi li'laE )o, tqfi r ,!El Qs <rfiq+cfi< Erc.fir 1lrer, s{R )a fi-c{
Elst {!lts Erq ERt I fiIn Q"l pa" Ler.rd {Tr-li otG"oe strr< Eq rqr{ft5
<nffiT EIt<.t ci&< qo snrm< srsE Erfr'r Eflin <lr{r ris, {&€
qIE< F{frT &6r )o-qi 1fr<16 so-Efr-si c4o, Elfi-{ Efllg,l c{T{ E{6-a
E-{r i'r{firfi c€ral.6l rqtqrc {,i{T$t, rtot(,i, TaIR.l, q{slr1
(;.*-.*--.;= ) ffi, <ltftqftq'Fd vo-Gfr-s s$ql'r co:l-{ Ei, rql6r{
;.*.* * tsnii I
--
ffid ftra$ eflteR qa-{] etrf cerd"tl mr fulaffi {ft r'ftq3 ,i
q'mq E r<.1:{ qT6 +(i qt{, Er6s lrFrF Esria frR (d I q1fr sr6{s q{ffil{
sI<sff-q r{FiTqdr r {nfi, qR
1e+co
qj, cat frla{ €flr(I,ri $sc frcn
EsT-El{il srrcEr {(is qrrl qI{ (it i {Etoi 1ftg<l {rEr< qBe rqrd <9i
qr El.6r f4s i1ft@ti qii ?rari q{ 3'ifu< rG ft erst< c{6rrs "ir< c$l
6{Rrc n &q'eftr bnr{< a$em im Ft r cfiq, qffi&n {fi G-{€E $Ii
wlqfr xr*ftto-e al c<re q<r Emdc{d ql qrFrsqlfu'fi EaI frfi ci-6"1
il c{1ro;r sr={cE sra-{ fr.B rEftqi ffi ficn rtf ifi FEn e fift&+
qG[lr{< ft{ €I{ "G6ir SE it qii c{cs@ e{ qGsli er.t ffi ou ry Ectft
EF 'Ii1€14 ftmi lffis fift.k Fil C{ Tfa rGdfi frEn iI{ds € sl
cnr,E srffi6-{ q qr{i ec-oE $m <fu rcq<, !.n, rc-Ir[ (Lever),
qlftft'qr { (Archimedean Screw), chfi-o <Freq (Compund pulley), ftfl
(Catapulr) elgB Es]q{ F{ro ns'r F qar {fi-Qtrftqi Gydrostatics),
fiGfiir< a{ Ef iir, 1rsr € qd, qsfi {6ri{ (3eE q,]]fi&-{ 6@r FqsE
fift, ffiqr43 rr,rq fifi ey.ft flliGii vq qfisR +Gr
qffifu cflrTq {I(t< ffi fi.fu e<m ,rE c{d FiE 6EA Firs i;Ic{
ft-srci {fi&GftirR qft$R sr"Qrdi, sv a$Bf'l&m EE figs ft-{dq qrq L
rctIq lt{fi ,4T<'{- qsfr-n qffiG-c cnlcq fill ts(1
'n
qfo:r cEs$ {lq frfi
eFi a-{c"i{ c! 1+.fi €qI ftra <|"$l {ra c{E q< i({n 'rfi {F|afi 6"iIE
.l.gcq r E1"E €t< {c{ {n fi flfti qrl] cilF qEi4c{ qft[] ftrq Elr ail q,rfifis
tfr< eqr d 1qllah tsq4 cer6 EII {Ri r qAi Fl.-@.T qiifr&-c{i IE {r{
.:fE{(srE.
-r,fffifurT< :r.n liEs snrni {._sl ( 6eB Ef- irrr :rtE ffi i< rq.o E ,'-t1il+t I iErFr a {ai,!+ dry llqrs ?i?< iir,qrqn d flffi {1]i< f<<r6._l
144"1a"1< E"ta "]l€rII a,llE (+I<.1. Il;tri flr ,3qa;l< (i1s mT{tr$ *ttras 9{sq.rir! lretGi qtr
1!t -11< {1;I- .!Ti tft]] tFir., gi-a r<a .l,rr <F,a5i
ri . .r. ji .. 5.? .! !3.1- .n . . - ._* ...r, ;
?tr !n . nF. ,a.re
':,,
n :. 19F .,an 4in_I
" 1 :a-" r.+, "{ 4-F, .-ia +,a.
=..n".. "_,_,,.*_:r,ni sn ;I f-€ r'ih? E"r,< efii-E
-"rFlir
q-Ig gtil {,3 ..12 .trrr -rTfl {tm
&in t!,i ni Fail 'r,-ii nar a'l,qr o,!i. Err.i.L.it i q-ftrl
"-:! +F a! ,nit< Fn_E
a+r-r ,]lf'..{ sfi )r1ii qr !tFi; qzs, fr€ niFir t,|l t:rrrl "r<
csn r.+_s
.!-,11 #+ an -nfffi? ti rqr qr.r+ Ga <r< c,ran Tarli ir_,rT fna{:" rdE:m: , . q--, !. .-.. "?id.ar...al -.
F<
"irt1g 'tr itarr?fi -iir "tf.i s?.. -fri ajr.tn ,+l- ii-! rni €I qfuq €
faisrfgr <ar qffifoi -i ,F 5ilns-i c<.aE ,ilra!.- T-_"i n-. qr:n .F{ln1< jt;l<
-l.rj.B I,ri6c ,:,r+ .+-" fjE. -_-,j ,-i?rl {r:r q qf-s ,Ffsr.+ qG; ..F
'i+; ..r rc"a qrlt .a. a-qei<: ni r.tr a.f ia",:< oEi- lxnlicra
5rlig..lri d. .!<rFd {if6< nlr-rn er+trrile.-_<: (rnQ nr<t qfaq nF1 .nrf
- "|.:5 -'4a a.< i <F-a. .-f. , 5:. .r?.r. -.t " " ,:.f
ra-'. 5at,-. nr-: .n 49 6. .4 4c<t,a..., a,4n..ftrl fl..Eai :r, efla4i q,.l6rF e<< i€13 'r<+T<
l- nil
ertn fiEni <"-< 1i9' irinTr q;I .anl!
<q r.i1-. I | ..jL n ar nrelhodt -,r.n
'c- 'n_ -st t <: . ji=a<.,. , 6tr-._ a,"
T-T lttr [6,r ...,5 --.'R !rr- tn{i i:'rEfi Eri qa! o<r r-5
{1, !t-?l rn€:rin fi Tall fi>ritri qferr (l1gl..r] le i.-n< anil _rln ,,16
.!.,. E! -i1 .{<:n.n. :?.n-{,:,.
?.ri. r, !nu:,4r51l G'1i ru ,r-"
"-, .* aF'.# X1gi;:.g
:.::
.
1. *r-"_.T"T 6n. (i1-R ,na<r .- {e .{i! -{1.<
r-r e,I$j
l.lz< :rT{rifla- .:fi<"'fn'ftn :n$IqG A "
.p-
ryr o-+rr trrdir+;
:]ln las6i f-f.r q<.ln "itftaE gai ltl-] i;,,-.ratrin dtrr< :t-!< iE1 !<( !.126
JTai {q 'uftr_i anl:,a- fi-ar
"ti-Fl
alatr$r raa.r-p4+tr iri..r" fui; #_.,-?-l o..,a-.< .r.
'ff6,r.Ei ifu={a r
.{tlift'T!- qrn rrd !l4a-n ? fsfi ra' Ta'l fFsr +'Fn
'{E
<'l 'lsiirE' :r'r
-" qi ron u rt6 oq, e ,sG. qan fu'r "ns]
tE'l'+l qal-< _41FFft3
'3E'?
>g cc-. coi " . +ztt? 4- :9.r' ): ad'F r" "'i-t _rF rtr1 '4< ai*
t-{ir 1-.{d -o ada -1
aJ") 'G -A a<-5a a<) 15a <'4ll'
qt'll-&t-. t.rr'tli;" >s+lc=ge ffi Fi"g ii'"flq 16'"1{'< cef i q{q 8)
,.nir.';q o -t o* ,oltr i draa'qfll;< !+'r 'r_e.qI.i
'<furi "r'rE
'lr{'
a:t'I:t< o a{f5 s6d i ffi . ?lFr< <Tq a2L+ iG tt'E
' -
*fa"l* *.,- < r<r+< r+r; liXl fist +4a'dn ';li T''"- efiq< {x
{E aEar rir a.it,r.ifri linr nr (l], lofi ir.i ra" {fi," g{in ;]3 1?r'{r .111<
'16 ;;Fft- 1.l. tf, nr .{." .{< rrir uz-- lis "'F
gftr" ?-l} 1-rr13i'
u1n f;.ln {ih -l tn{r;!= sF< 1l+,1 fi.< "jrq
:r'r<n -r<r' i 'lrft< €c' {<'ry'
.
"*" "; "#"
-. .*t-.€ n alP!{ "lf; -l"ln1"! {rifqi !-i !E1n FtFid
srF 1rf:r fil:l T.1nn.l. l<|{l'l ,lr<t flrl aar +rr +!r- '.;rl Er< s]n ni; --fiiftiin
, a.rl ?1. 3:n' "co
<- io '?< ,''ird )s '< *_ 4G 4r! r1n j
.t *.* .. .{< 4'3 * 'l
"'F "4 3
'd3
e __16 ' T',
rl.rrl: -.:1<. .a q-- ..: !
""'-t ' ' "' <1
a*,.n r, rtl 1<1 .'1"r' " '.-3 ''1 ' aE'', a"-t "{'''',
g"r"e.,a*"rr"
"f"* "rFir. 1cltt 'rf iig -rq t:rr E<q "r?'fu
n'nti !.i<
!-,<.lT ot ..,11?s sila- tl otoEl o.-< rloil o6nl +a r1rg h{ 11n11
.flffif!- rx]n;:rfr q afl fic 'ilr iE Z'-- ndF ETe or-i 1raF "r:7T
<4i
nF '+rEi.i.F o,_i-l5q (hou!ht epeljmcrrr)
"lr:a3
Enr'n ('lLrnrcl 'll<"
,tt,=* a**-- lsu'frce rrcr) :ry-" ffi e r'na< +e{;a "ilrflqi F qIrn'
.;; --fu." ir< c ,r<.orlmd"l lqtu ',-r<i4t- fli-dd€ ql.il,-ltn qlr
iA.6r+<- {r<c]< Tl3fu.ii qi-filtrr< a s<'61 <ie -r4qF
qrliilt. .'r elrbl< rf']" r offfili li.il1r i''! 'Ji1i- fi--"r El n{cr t€€
li+t< o<rs r:n.r. ft.d qltr q{'-TF r.< r l<3m l<'F el'rq
t,TI 5;
,fioDtT'. ,1:. .'a.te' -.',1<
-' ""-P ".:-'tL l ':i:- :
a...-. ".:"
,..ra
''r, &< o ,,
'< ' 4i-1 ,'
q>r.. ? "+a ''"^
uit ,n< c+nl,r-tsti<e a.ie-.!< .rB. .!-il !F .j€ "fcfs[fiI;< oLe , 'n 1i-'
otrl or a <a eliiiit' ol <ll?I]] ar:< <"ft$l
.rift i-<.; o']nnE.1i o"-:li rq ali. -''e':r qi T!II<
'Ei!rri!
-t))Js =)+-+-
-
g gC a.C/C)
xi nln, qr5rG-oEtrr, 6s f o +ft ofdfifur* arc T(il jr..rn< (Ffr
,, iE, <ltffi .?,r+l FG qrliftftn ('tr{fi{in, .ik.t pi,n.n? ..! FiT.{ odte,
<'fut 1ift r<r r<<*,..-' rcatZ .Tr<rqt <'{F.
qr<r< qlififur
" ai {.,nF,fiaiifu-ql, "..-l l.rr+:qfu.} r.tui
ar.-.3q nl ffd:nc .) ) ,! n-.r6 1- ,a^,,atr-aa:a
Iifi sa+< ,sitr iitT< o13 gm rroir rr- E<< r+rr ...1;3 a4r +-ira,Tn? T€-o
qdiffii-5 ar 5i1 ('tIiIfi,ain q {4 naEi <irTr !q=;riir lllo<&ifl.E b.! s.-si ffiE
.,,.4-< " d;'rr,.? ( a. -.r -="1. 11" . -* ",.
,.:1J:. ra .8"
nF ii.{,< ,l.I ofi- "r.-,e,t ?s ffi ,r1li jirr,r.r , r
:
!n qd 1r. ,i (<
-rra4
Eql 1B<
,,Er:t € <iz-< o.l1- .l rqm q._+ o,
{,r.r9, tzs< nftk <iiFif-{a rag-s< lkfirE ,5tr .n ( .rri erri .nr4r rnl
r,r q16f,rr1_,r .I g {r.iii ,t1c{r t,.n <hli{ii {a-rii.ain .6< ol<.i qg<- ..l ,:l
qria ii-t< ,c <llk"rri , {ti :rli ii4tri .' , ",; ,.i;, €r..:rE il"trr.:r! TI.{t<
ai'z. ,,..1 ttl ! a.4 - , r!p. .nb ql-atL7 fr 1,r
,,"." ;..- ,<). --.<.:. ?-: ! 0 , {- . ^F,R :,:? ,
sr'<friiq c .rE q5rT{- qrsn a,
,! qa{< F{<F odi a,_=,q< .{aTn orffi. ir- a- sraqfiai aal,
,riq.Ecfll. s;Fiii o{ qlnrnr nia2r <a:rE Aaa. !-t:aifili{r-
"r.ion+<
C1t
'f"roiin iia,.< 1.]l +.d.F .!i n1j.1 iibt- +F"l q ;lifu-,r<: qlrfl !!
sq.lfi 'E+Il. ,rs €li a4.znn s.Er- qfi.cTI] 1i"t-r.r.< I?rci,a1 1.[ nii
m r>i q(d sl"|a4ftaF€ s.F qnrfi"i q-set fi-rn FE q1ffii,i fi-r
lEio -r_ouF l:r<Gr."F q-]lia+ .lan€ .il qrffiln !r q:q< c.rq a- iFr.
.]Iir :rT< :n q]dEqtr ,lf"tE ..t _tllLfifiTf,j € ffirrF +jlt-ra"< qiiF.m
EE{ani a+1E irEr-a r =r:<f;F .!r ni,i <iiera< eEft- 1F] {ra F{ie
qtiil--lii r.?t+l .it (i iE< -q<r qliff{fo:.ni eqr<- .i i.r3nra< .ai.6 q.i-
[ "-.r I
l<"-;
| **rl
(.:
{i-c { I?.iafi
'ta{:r"n
o<m qfi+ q|olIi f't;n dr iaeii FII49-1{.iE q:]<l
(,]r!lq er ,! $aq re{sl i e?il.l
",?
qa'Taq
n -i-.F . < 4rd ? a 6{a- . <? 'rE rf r a9{?. f{aF 4a '"8-5a ca
ff. *iaE <rg.< S'le, € {1]f $ "EYfu< ITrq r.idEt< llit 4vr{l Rtal
r,*,j€R 'n1- aiFfid (iFEn si]Rr E(o 1r{ri :x {iaE< JTni-IF <l 6nrrF
er-< FiirrF <iflq3 fustr<< i] ?l ,e.nl ?.{l !l1l ft'6 dfl9 :r?R ,!ntl Ts
+tEl E1< E< Fan Et<'tTa.l 'n,,1
eFlri J<st< Ftro ,lTa. o.F F,fir- 'n{ €rll.,1
l?[+ Tanr 1E aa(n <i<{n r*a ir< n]fr< ctal rq5 a"Tn 41< <lu< aar+ 6{
r4r ,iIie; f.s ,r rtr'"i ifi €1ftli f'le$il
"r'r-..
qr.-$ oKl-, stir<i v
odEln 6r1-F ?r,!rq r<z< qfiffi,tr 5rlftsB
'. ']Iirq]
e51i Tdfi:r rF{ai
r<j.{ T]{. <6r-<i q]I,] {irsi q-r+ iI< ,t-a<rfli di-Tn= ac }6fi4 <.di q'5fi's
'lFlz-< rFaEe iirr lhfiia+ {ir,n -i'< }lr<l'l .a!rc
eiihft.r nr< ,sirrfif-n E"fiiEr4l arl 15fa1! !ln'i az<iqzen -lle f<.a
jt'a 6lfii;6 €t:j.r l6fii xi"n.l Fa.IirE! fu€ <d(+ t'= ffi i eE]]ts<l
_ , t=.1 dT _ 4,?-V-a 7 a-4 , ',l ,', !-1-? :" '
iaft "rl-1a{.n
qrTfu ? in'g6 irTfu. g,'irirft+ aFEl+ ri.; {aa ilfo."j:jri] ,:[r
,r<i f.rp iinF aar -tt< ,F4{pr;< i:-q efi6e .E1r-- u Et<i ea.(n fiili;
.l:L<r4n (Prrabolal rtl a.iF +6 o'.1'r ofe fi4. +r<fu+a "r-< iira ft+
trfi,f..n 'r;lire lri qq.t e-i<EJ<.F,,an ttrrTc 1F4i-r- e]n''l ri< qs i8i:
inlrFFj <.l1qn <adqi ,!<i e.dtI"l< <<q fi< 11+; 1!i "i5i; rR.duc(io !d
Absurdunr) sdlq ffi eqa.r <a- ann a:l "Tl-,<la<l-T
z{-ar1ff< ,a a+F o34a<'r
E<t f(i qlrF F eri. .i ,<iTair gf! !<! ,ilt<t'<l'ir -iri1iT4 i!g-q< ri-i1+"1
. o . -.i* qu ,,ro ,
" ' ,"' -.t' " '' -a4 n .'6a1-
I fr'a6i_ a+i{Fi),
"mto
q$o
"-,
cj .!r i.+Eer.it .ii qdF. {QE
;r-;,<rat< aFi,lr qEf<- +fi aqr., r<i'te'rr- o'lc;l i-!rr aqli-
,Eq4- (E,j] 1r ftg6) rltra i'r€ n ft<6 ffi g,ar fri,-.< .-lfiE-n.,1
aX ari -rr-dh. o i{o. qI:l,i a"r-l iiTil,,3i 1-€r !ri6 rlflir <l <€'rE
"f1fir"r ""1i1E
s,f-ffii {E x!- 1rm -r €Llq aai6,r r<i i e:nl Te=E? Il"i
<rfu+ 15fEi ffi qE .r<i.l <1- 5ll1 q.rl .rzE r-E ,In[-P1IF a!]Io
=f{fi6r,,r
.q.fu+
"iriiia- ,if,Ir ,mr{F ln4i (Nlclhoils lr.rting 01
lechrnic.rl Problcnis) {r. ez{< nT]a 'llelll a'llQ ( 55 Oarl {i-Tn
dt'ta6l1+< RlaLii .'IEzt< ce<+q. sirFr q!fu il;a:r3 15fu qllj: n-]{l]raq
! l]f4-n:nt << qllni.i3 Fa-l llr<l 9,!E 5F.1. ?Ir"iqr .I. qft€ .r'li4 6
'r'riEl< (on Lln' sphere xnd (l)lind..)ir+ q'9 !1'r 'i<
j'i esfr j3"l1ihl
rrfeia q',iiFift- ir,ilo iiag ,ran "]5f; I fTsaf'rt .!1T; Jl{4ilrl' 'l5iil-
!51.ifa<r fi ar'l4afr 1ro.fi Ffi a fil-i:ir5< 1i-r 1a3r (grerr.ir.lcr 8e'l
:< .../.r.rr-.! .1^,,=.6T:a. , "_:-. i'". "-F,. i
.i rtrqr-l {aEn <ag< c5]]l a<r E6El ctT'irfi {fi4r,4 nfin tqdi< rurr.fs =
: : ).:td.,qri. . TEnrrr .ff7!'g:, aan r'Ea ?rr+r r+l* r
., ra _-tr
T,i^! 3:sl" 6aaq1m -0 e1 5a<aae F? ,rirEr .,:4f6tiirn .,IlT,]r<
oA fl< os+r@ EEF-.iis qnlifai 16fu.o E!].r +a<fu-{n
qiififqr< .nf{i fiw<< thii <'.iqra.rcq qnlir.i s?t1d Enlq flsn< rJa.s
!3 qa4r4 5rl4(i T6ar;r an. -l< i zllfuo r{ffi 15fo'(<1 q(rFl1 nrcthod)
;ilris nifi q,mr sra,l stfi9E {.. s]E 1e (€ "[98ffi Bft.i -ro.iF< (fi fr.o
stftyir la{E{, fu )boq itafi q]l1 q< n]dt5rl fir ng< {{fi) EI< q'Ern
fi.fl.Ii{an st1i5- i€{Il] {n €+y qE<t ,IlIq 91!1<n 6<aE fl1i , qffifuc
fi c1.r€ $Emft q{fis qi..i,-- ,t-€i<
"tfifiq +]rqra.lEl,;1r { €E r,n6i .{rx
.ii+ qnftfrfti,l"t (ri&r. <r,nroF+n. wffii;r cqal m{< fiiifus
i1fl.i q-tr.i {.a !n qaEr qr{n,sliri E?ll qa{r6t sdlq {q< qI{,1 nfiE <ci
fi'ililE <rEr iic {{{6-nrc qrEi qara {a< En..]]fier enft. <-rraq
€Hrdrf+{ri iltF q'[a]6.. ..fl{$ rqF (conic se.rion) rfi{ {i6o T$13.x
nltr3 "r"ri e1 66r. tdj i<fuo {c-l€ €rgii< E{3 11 .qRF. .i"rdri qiR{cn
1ii'i"l fiftTr (5il 6(< FzE tr+a n "JJi]? € qnnlj cli Tirr art ?a<
n'i.{<IsI< lellipse) "]Ia nr{{_rq 6r< q.{s fla?Fgt n]]<tr<l4t (parabola)
q<F qffifui r:l a€d s( r-.saftFt, !n{€ (senri re eular lnids,VEAir
,fii]< fl -rirg) q1i'$:1< o(lfuqr sm <<fi qrq, r..reo to s )t aro;rffiE
iF-s (T incared lcovrhed.on. toft n9.99 € )tE "11199 llrl qr.<E): oli
i"eji i qrTii,< +t,ii ql qf.irsF sr< funqi Ml .ntr<.t tfii< ('tzlr.ql
1)55s {rr. Ti]lln liEtr) ,l qt< 4E aq€$ {cnq <sFra$tn Tritcin <t n]1h-
ir. +1<.l q a,.r.E iB.<lfi-.r "fdr< Ti{a<l {a€1s <d ut<t< qtfta q1fu c
<Effiq <T+lir;r*F {-rrr .Vo tri. Iqe. .flrar.Fii< a1E]{nii q_affi<FE€
id (G€.sfta,isE i{Fr {ifii-.! qr"rEr+:ifi )b,!i mIEn ii.q.:rd1n eiFl€
<fir) fto ']Ftr<q.[i
qfi1- qfift< q].<r qc{s €r.]I]'i oftllre.3 !".g
',fiar <rvl{i ntal q T<'d .n qG6- qrart'il lal.ga+ q fu !<i <1o< fi''o<
ritqa €fA qtr--l'[ ra <Fr. qsr E,!$fi Ii{{ qr.fan UGr] +3Ic fil
qrlq$qfu<ln ffi '. qft6rTi q{4 (Heron) qiF6r EE {1I-< ']itr5lii
hr.la , c<". re<E sr &Srrq i!r<<j sl<iirin (Er-rd 1ii< € q.-Tqftlt
""rq
q< ffirr-< .q*ai 6.i "1 <nt tr]rri iEta6i< EIBris <_.rfi4) aa{r
ftE rF .Er.- nqfu fir$.s, fi"l],]"- Ee"jlffi qm.r
-(<Efi, .nF fuC.q< lir
<lal firn a.b.c rti.
a e]'Ei E1"firffi +<q 1ii-lfw_ qtolzn !3q€ eEta Tt<nE <i zl?"li-
fugr_qi aFa+a A =
a+b+c b+t-a c+d b d+b c
2222
a+b+c
.qrff,], :1 =
-"f-rt.l cl_1zrr (4{ rfqr.Er {i{|i ftlro cr ann <-ar fi.ii 'fl+si?FaEn
a4t q-6ri6i-w< q{6 {ro -lrl'TnqqF lfiqa r...a1-< <r.qFrs nfa"nri
qfiFIo qqra lF<l ir aa<a:F xfi.l if,!,lli ad"rf,,t3 rt{ast :fi1 fisrlil .s
aitsliE.r< 9!o e .:awr+< .r:?.' llfl< f<r Rll oirE. nl?fl ii-aE aul"Ja ,El
<"IIE <r!]l 1caaTi rs tra<r iinq]nro f-gF +z<rq tNlcr ha. hijxcked his-
rory). {< s,1 ac Tara ifuain nD-r'li orrd {oi-F rtirror< }F,-qi}<
oqn-td gFdraF nr< qiF,-r {,rl..,r .t!r]a ir< '{'r-d , fa{st< fiot <iia
.r1l :fr. I+{ah= ( ffi. rqs< c< i}-rc'm s a-;ifu+ aiiEri it{l 15Ji
gqr lt6ftsrlrFF (hlsrorlogrlfh) ) ii,Jli (+E Ts @fr. -l q-lq
"i{s a+F 1?"s
!,lir.iin <r rfiE -rir.o -fl- ta<rf:r
,rifzE< tfu{,Tr ,Ta!e 3rln'<l aqirr. PrL rg -."4 lir-r 'rld-j<t[n e?]l
.!.,T,{ tr6.l -a <. fu €<-91"1{iio 'ijffiIF< r,.x sa3- llri:a
qlfi+ol1+< .aiqn {k{ 1li.rftr {ir1Fm 1< iE"d'.m) F]€Ii< {{r
iinnnn rEfrE aaqaqr-. qsb i rr{in 'liiEro-i T.ln erfiro ,iifl q{qtil
{rt'Jirrl s6 <l]l-t ,;l< hsl< .fin€ '-f{6
e.JT"itr diof<.h 1fur- <-,lE(-i
il€n J:ici€ q+Ean {s ,rfd<r fir-{ <<1aL..FBi i.!(o n !c" 8)0 SSF,)
En Piq< nrai dff<,r fu-f..-n q fa-r d9-e ,sn1-1iEn q<l
'f4.6
.trEff Firdjn ffi (r"flFiitr]1ai a.FF<-,!i e- (co jc secron) i1+rc B"J"j1El
TTrd aTetErt fr.n r. . .". o r< r"F-l qs i:4 {::<r 1 1 {0. < &:.3
.!rqrn{}c.r,ri t1flqriT{ ff-iflr fi,.< Fi.< "r<<+mr .E=td Fiia e
-t-<Gq q< nDnF t"r< ar6 a1lE.an
.-a;i oafi rfr.l 'IFtrfi ffi Fifi' silF:in (lIarie sophie cemain)
()cq9-)b-s) 3=i61q) -rrr+ q1i*r ${{r< f{<.aq ii€r'! 6r< 'if.6Fl Sii
aa{&a-n {<i t6 "r-it{i l'.n-or ']IT.]fiil ei;!14 .rl!i tfl-,,te-n dr'td
"f{r<.r {4ao $-drr- #a5qr@< iirah a< ,1tliri94 EfuTa-€i 6 ,51
_--,'-o sw o(r n-tnn.i, a-"rn ffi T{..{..1 ," aln ate. .d,-=
nffa FtF+rFn a4+lt< a.ni 1!{{ dr{d .!<i @{n BFo< ,lila" !*-l .r6n iarn
;t< lr<!ql1q "itt nI< o.,To'< et* ,ii-ftlrFr .r.l araqEr<. rttr <1a< EF
,-6{c 6d:: lTn .a cg ltr"r<
.as, .{-a. ,l . .r i i + nn [.,
-idEutq€ e{:rlE {i.ll <I4 ,:rft qci+c+'g<q oz<rqa rit< Eri<}. FII'F
!1<I;r< dFr+ ii15to a{r1t slrii ciFi4 cr.,Br' (sofh,. (i.rmain Prinrcs) nnE
sGii9 .rfl q{ (.s<it +):vnP{ft d1-+ I]i -T<E s,!o1iallfu6tain
d1-lni ,nri )). at<q )) i<i tlr ltx))+)=tsl:!=ra? crlF+: tl.g qrnn
!]Ta4r {nfr dfr4. Tr<q ti. as Esr-sl dii+) tF1trrl'i l?n-:r raq. <9 rg
rG-a)(r r)G c)
d6+ ci"nri rfF F{r.i I'lIr f;Lrf<!-4I r"F€ et1iftr aff} 6nni dFo
,("rll {aE 'a1Fd ,!<?F{ 4ail ),)8,1lir qiln.i l1q d1.1. q3]]] {'l:
n = lo8o08))r,CXl))!.i' 5: <)ill'i.
tr+5 = ic8oo8))rdxt))""' - ) € dl6i r
irnli m1<iitr (Mary somerville , )qto )Ect $il-) I'i'l5Ir< '!65i
clt 'lFr!li,i €ll (TE T€lo Iifi <arn ,!, arr{ ,ldfr q-5Fn €Lq" q+r(a'r< rrc-
itF{r oIs< rfut,l FiEfn rrirP { ..{< Tq <I<? (.51i-ii6 qsrll (Ad.n]s)
L;"F ar'. 5fO ? fl<6'3 +.{n
qb "J..Lr! ,ir4 f.FId t, ! F ^ .-ez a 1.." f.<rii ",
" fi.
/-...a c -4a a a'q_:-< .- ,, -,!-, f -a-.a- a--3 -.-r- -i-2 <e]t i:lF<
ilrrr,_-a.?ii fu{arl , cii an?l]< (llmmt, ,mrlie
^_octher,
)tbt Sbeo Strn_Fr)
F.iritE 'F{!1.1 oa<n. {3i acnradl 'irlrjr-ifnl -,fi qf{+ <r9'frzEr EEt,:r
al{Fr !'rr er<}ln fr+< d4.i<"1r< 1il5- 6a{.E ..<!. d13 <{l<nr'r n! Elq
.ir<nfi ..< nlils.llca< nftii JG irirF
lEI fi&in (Hrnna Neunrlnn) )b)s Si'r.ri ffir:l[.E c"!l'r{iTF.fi '!n1
)i!t) qiF:ilrli'3r :fgl{rcT a1<n f-i EFE< 'rlqFr 5tr1fal.il J4{,il '14-{'ll
ilrn.!<i "Jlao a+r'l(T<rF ir.rF iiF F?n ie]I<aiE qrr IF1 ()b.!q) <?1i
uJiqzE-< Elr.i qriiig{ Iia 6a<ar
ofuEim .q<r
=:r& qrsr.{< 1l.ift.i erqd n|.+ fr-irl].qi .G€ 4ffiirr
o{ft.< li+rl 4trcr nf-4: 1fiaft"< ra e+g14 o<na t<I1Iq, cq ii{ar if-{Pi
F.r! ad'n Er {rc1z]1larir ( da Loehcc, )b-)a oi) 5]+4 {ilrTrE-r fifiE
qfi of-iEirlTr l]r,l i3T<r1 .fi[i- E"fi !r<.. fih {i]14qa+ fir €F:]< ,l]f.lisr
c +rft5rfr nkrr.n firn ntqll az{n <€E r;F 6',r r.E flf4ft+ "1ft6{dlr<.
's'-l]I aflEilr aqlq:i'sl? 1.ro<-, E! .il< -fi.! )bcb rr- (+fr nEn Fffiil<
-]nl < qn <l{ la{rE 'A.lr'
qf+r <r1i. as:rnF {i6 rlBifi ,lliffi, q&i .,rEBd (AIi.e I rks.
Klv McNulrv Mruchly Anrcnclli. Edile GoldsriDe) s:.1":i-n ,]fLiiEa qaFi
ffi.:l"i offi]< '!ft-at l tiNlAC t-,!n A€I{i <<i Fi?'l nlird q<qF a{r{q{
/En {(< Ifi (Gra.e Murful ltoppcr. )h.s br) n-'Fi,ni TFlni]i E]{I'
6Er<rr nI5? Efi +ffir< e>fe'te ii- ]ffi1 (r)Bol q{ EEK..- Gin
,!+!14 lFq 'il.i oa.rPi
d ozq a{_a,:F qq-1F. .4xrer. iifi. ']rt=., <rdfi .ji<ra<n f<[5i 'dff{6.
99G ,ead q<", qT4sil<r. fil4lgfiG. q'rii".n. fii€i lrr i]!n, (nfnfuq.
teir.r c9.
=rra-rm
s+ .11<rrr eL€fu ft-lm qaaF{ .r< "n5ra<
gln:&Ln
'si< +]A fi].E]Rl< a<E{n rrE@.in a {4rnF rifr< Tnfur.n &5nt fti
q+fi q{fflItfi rt6 Teit sFiPi
)al 'EaE. toos flnE4 erF{
elcl-{ q(6{c6Et qrl{ Tall
.e fu r-r i<F! Tlnra .F<F, At-er, .! r ErtrrcCFT., rl-,a 6-F-Taa
dag rcr qrl-< lBotr<'r< "jrT3fu6 rt{ -E <z< aolqt 1g. E1!i -l
tGqq <{ €d 'rfiE its< iGq-ari r{{r€ Er? EI<. 'ltt(e< !}{!Iqr
($[{l ao]Int (F(c er-:rlqd (?lI+ eqs {cE€, lll]ES El6s1-41zq,Ri nnffi I
q< s? frsr< xc, Tdtq qfr6q, srlqlG s c6;rrn .q"li rrir sE, Ttrq
+rE lE({n Etn ctfi € fi< eimnl itc< ilc< r,r r1.tfup d< 'rcv BdqE.
oI< Cii TEII{II+ IrFiE <qc ,or< ii{ # c'ftp ,ir:]n ,!T qqfur lq]r+.
-g* cqqrr tr sln* iqt s$q +Ll qii:q< qrrgt aqr"r ftt<q <r-s
EE q{<.i <iEii "fi:rr-r< E"l(.itil 4liiE-ft{r cpiFt 1rfi<l <lrqr
ifBqc 1q{ et"trll. rirfi <l qr<t i qfi|< sR rq€il 1n Et< $]6
r!]Elqt< (qtr{ad< E"in q1s ;T< nlig.{l"Iit atE4l {F[si]-i E<rr cql+
4rEn 6fl {a@ qrir $tr. !=.r{ .!i 'dafi I6a< ?f'"A.T' <ET]l{ m.+
{a'r" slrql {'t{F! "nbocn<ro li"m dCE dtr<r +r{d8r nnfuo +re
fiI{ fi({ FG'm I1aBr Tll rqJiz:r
"tR<
tmw e<r, {Tr<. ti"<l +t<l
fi-ar e rdpuo B&s o<ru ,Jr<r<. {ltE ilc<t <l ,tfieoG t< fi< f{@lld<
sl qfi Eraifn srT<fu 6{tE "frn,
qrn Ii 4tr{l Fti liEh fllili4 {fur
tea$ri {fi sI< ane Mrr 4(T{.lT< (E(q
'r([< ieErri o{aE nt< q
jr< qlm (r {]r< 1qt
il]r< { (1 q{]i 1i
Ttu6fu4
{<!tq+ s q€ql €{Tr6ii
[)beol
i8
eFlrq(5{rtdvtsl
ftsiF .
[q <q 131{ ft-",e- qfl<< T(E m{(q ftE ]lB dqo s{&- eftn
ft-T(] qqFEs oIffi --n er;id <1iqli ,! ERi.<ai a{l.iE: aa,ilffi
a{RltE s$-[i in etufu "i4 nlrTj'i 1fi c3Tr (dri o.< q]rs qrs
?r6i{a]IE fiEE ir,!T< ?F*{l E€i- fn, qie]T a{rn ar< qT(n< liFi:Jtq
fu(Tr.iftI-, cata. furoqiiG q<r 4.1 q(r,!1, eXli"i, l]n]. qis Ei1i.o.
d"r.!-n dlItrll ,tn.o r rr, -.,r. ,rnT. xrir+-a, < Eire llr,t.ordl,
;.r. <5;-i4 ,lTni,rJ,), <j F;a ...r.{ ,.rf r -{r. ?{- {d. c,
ilialq qf- rnsFti {<( mATn fisflfun r+{fln ri- flFllo< c+E 1?nE
lr ttl <kIT< T(!l nFlfia{ qE? eEfiE {t.rl(q Fr r6qza. 6En acqii
oilq'fi-ir+qs iTq ?i,s]l .m< a, fiFr (< ru!-r ,i13 {r, c{ri nkE(r]<
FRI ir{ai' ,l]lfi TI[6i <6{r Tqrs ft<q {{EI<I!I q(rif< qfii
qta4"Finte q{<Tn oat +'il ?;<
-qre
dqle q(<, q6.IE ,:4rd or< fO{. <tcqm 4!rql, FJIaEfu,
ThT{qn, Arcl, q.in-rTg,
"r6R1t<nn,
(qffu{.jtB etsfu Etil elrfao ql tET
.?r9 ({ F6d [.-n+ "ra,-:?
.<-
E m 6a61 .,]Ed. :Td ? dTC{C-r
Ttri irrrqn, ITfl{i-s wtqn Tcc dtni r-t{ CT{r E4, {T< 1Elts ,.{
fijerod+, eag cdErcct, qt<]< artl€ <i iistElTs
q? ft68 {'.{<n !i{<"tn qii q{n-s qmes {.1< TE
.Makers
of
Mrlhemati.s q<( ffi. Gr:EFIF TE
.A Concise Hjr(r) ot N1lthemarics.
s< ,llirrl f(]]Ei fu oiBl a "tz+ ryqr+ q{f,{ f{rrl TET <}:{ o(<aq{.
Et< {'fi :te-rt4
"I('Ior .,1}s l1.nsTr Et- (T1 ?,tf-:ii 1tr{] ia{(q r Eri
ftE slq, fig <6{, qF ftE jAlri El s"i|s<.i 6fio ar-Taq q-E-!< ,!l
Tss q{<L,3 a-I, qiqnqB {{ 6r< q{Ti.t <i6 q{.8 E,qIn< -r{rr<q
6<l c{q r4l <Tsfu+"t F 6"tri t 3f{ <iL-T< (T} rFri-n? fiEq omt
efi 'o@ wgg'lq31 1a6q {<({.rd aqtdi {j.4 T"<,i o}r +r-<8. q aFA
rrE <-Ta 1i { aq ft6t< {trdi ci.<q
u:*r1i, )bvt
5lol
+tQ r{eRl-d c{rq{
EEiT 1R[EC
q$i(q{
,tq-R (a,r+l <i:rF {t-_!.1 ErrJ qfu qrtld qq< 3l.r -rfir :rEI rii
eEr<:ii An, Erris {€i-B 4T F ,ris flq{ erts- E{ E-!- F $r
1l{<fi+ € 4:iriq4 6<il Eti n.3 q3€ Ellij s<-.Elej< {'1:f{G {<"ii
(,] ffi f-. Er< 6r-r^' e|€lrT a'tcE eXlF 'ini <f,5 r iEi -Irri4]3 rln
s i':Ta{i eElflre q]tE 6E q<i ?E{ 1]1n <iT- E<t n]rlil-'} qR lfi [?rlo
irJr- eq< {r'1 nEl lrqi q]l.<q' (?1o B<fl11?', ..lr€ in.i tc ali qa
lttiri <Ei slrrr]3.all 4i {(,r< Is fl6, a, ftir : <ir,. lizr< sr+o
iln ?'t:e.?4 | ?-A'-. !. +ra::a:5 1re . 6+
'a{:u
!7<
,?]1o tqrll {'fr-. i'lni,fl!] -nrq tli! T(< (r'rE. {r.d< ll 115< alli4l, {6
r+e<t< tIiI, x(qtri E:al. ,JE< 5l-1. aifl {ni.-".it."q lit:iiq e+ {rlrE
ftE Gr< &- ?fd+ ffaR q4 ?ri;{ ffi{e 1ig ff<e <tc ra nr:nt
q<rq qno ciqre {3- 4l tEli.fts1 {41 {R. Etqfitf! qJE{
'q-iri<rit{ iBIi1ftfi {r,al -iEft aE"]irr -.it'] (na.]€ l6n r-rigti 51Tr. mr",,i
El etfin esa {a't< (F(i nln eiqr T('r< rflo qf,ni a-rfur d,f;< .r?l
sL'Fr {aTfE< qnir-c qt:t3l4li Ii<l nafi .qqln eqrn s]!E <{ 'ttTEdi
T--. ^cn< rr-{.-n. r ffi,nr,5?-ei" i.,, .ca:.l "ri-"
f! .r!1.? .f..,. .L1 ;tt-tvt),- ! 1T?3 n7-3 -! %,j ?]3-a:n
<rrq", aC .,. " "'a
. " <* .+- : -_E i;. , . -'-. r<F-; <E< yrj
I1B? ercE rs{n 4ait. <+rslq 6:rdrm, sr irfu {E, 5rir {..,
nllne({l. sI{+ 'lE. rl+l Ell1l ?e-G qs.er ecEf{!r, qirnftfi r
qt&q< qrr+ ct<? n Z-u <p- qtr6T€ ci qca= Ga . ai o ei.r!; {.1
cqir?fi. {c 631"tF iiea n(1j*lr llriqt rTlr: 1ai q]?rp cir.T]
fii6.1$ q{ FLT+ii n= Eq qt<s
lEq alc,I ftrF.i q?In cI r.Tfi
4q-r1]l. Er<fi E(n 6r{ €.1 € C$I']< Atatrl] riif l9 L rcnr siE+q c{rFi
i,_-T{<q f,-€{t ({aE ntr< ,
qr< 1i.s13 c'fE : ,!FRl (-!$), ,:'l(Es]s (F) ('fFer;l-qfi]n (Gn),
(,iI5ElS a1lrsl4 (51<)
arftq] m? ('fi-q , fln (,!T), ffii (E), e];;{' (fin), T{rn-tqrr (Er<).
1-rd-ets<] (iTD). elim ef"ri (cn)
]:"lTo 6{q € d.lqJ ei{rrd< TIq cslrK <t<qi r;{.ls BE {.{ ed
r _!1F< <1{',F 6flrd 1€Ti rc'd1'-.t c,1 tr, !<. ,.rr<, F. dli"i
qtn]Iq<
{r n($t di {r5t <T.sit {i1i cql,l 6|< 1.s< {i1F< ma il?u
<T.q qr<t< ,-tr6 4+T lr.< El ql (1i-l), fu. F3 (fuD, 5r< q.i ('f.nr)
?-sffi eli-$ rFnE <-T.q c{:]a, u+tTi (F.l 5IE ,!T). <l+l (F q<
a ),ffi1 (fr.rqR 'ir6) W qi<<
1{ q.,1ii6 r.r-i< (,Lo,!:E$irGft
Tnrlrc ti'Tr<qi {it {-{,p I cIT{ B{EG1 (q- s{ Eh.l), ffi (ar
'{n rfi?) tetii I .+F s a4j4€ ffi1q, 1?r|! 6ai flc ,l.fnTn il ir-{ili .l.fd]lr
T&,F qq6 {.< las qiliT.<
'lqik ilfuc m1l rE cs{d. 1in Tf;9 n<
(ddt) i1$r, r< T& qd (snfi) <E{ ffi
r-rt6< rJrrr : r<i_;ri :],.itr t-;I s€ 'Tr1- ffl . r{4. T?,
nrD. E l, {& eryfu< 1BfuE ,lq4< 6riiq 'fl€{r r5r1p fu(.ri Tri. (qful-ni
nt]li5i q<i laailr"l< r6+tE< ft,i-Gfus 1q4l B(Er,rIn,ll {flik c
?,Iffi|{ {"8 e's+ 'tfie (t)oo ilrt f:<) qfu,n izd<tr-,llt q:l{l ({
?i c,rr+ts ca fiFfi qr< qE ftfi6 .!T rta' {I{arr< qsrc arl clfi. ,!ETe
erfir flfit"]idiln (Infii+aliqir) {slERt *-<nF
sTqM. {st, ,lsl. , srn, T'fu er.o.fu-o vlqst g. :s, :t. ro elE6a eE
<r-{{li a13 {r1} ilrc.tfi+ r$rq fficl< qt"t <l 5tfi ctTfi.ti E?rl nlirg
j,rm rq.rlt. infi Fiie <r atd mt fisa, irfr i{ ryF{ st{n lea
uE.] "iq?ri<a<
q]I'le q-E,rh3 cll-i (TETtfi !tii3 lrl<; {< si] e]&]
+1.r< q<rr< fii ri Efifl -rr9] Ffia (:E< Fci qrrffJ {isr t"R q<n s16
jil! ql'j stB 19 . E.F'|< (E;-i q< li(E:q Ei q."-i Tr.qt s< (+ qo q(,1
2itrE. qre {Tq{ si-ii.9 F1,1 aqd s"lTcs }otia 4 "trcs sr" s<-
cntT'K kq]j <T6E. il.T5 cq<. q1 (Rr<<e qqirr, fu" 1rsG qi ersB ?G
Cr qfii e$inTTi aerr$i (Tnii,. iTq et€:< I('tc €irfrE 1E-. -t< cj'Nlq "fl€{l
a'rF )be q {F ffiflf.i*< qe'f.= rq$fir qftlq i an .n". rr<
,df,r6< {]ni1< "r1[.1I<
"To
lf'& e{t .!T1e qrs (R,rdius) 'll€s ('iaQ, {re
'ifiifi 'r€1<
q,'srqrG 6,r F.tn 3-,np qsln i6|F 6'i 4D qrs fi fi
fls]{, ol<fi Eril <s {s flis tr1l q{ft! G-]fr ?'I(T "1","f -I< fii1]trEr
qnfi 1,lfu ft.r'Rl El'l€ i$ {ffi 4Ii Eq 31I$ I]5t;r 4B[E qi ..2r- {.i
<4. q]Io< q]{{ ed(s e:rri .r €j{r 'JqnE Fflo arlraE, El fhi :iT-e atrg
'ia< $1<s atr's {aE. i]Isi sT{ erd {i"r5I< 1iRr. aaF,€ iir.tr 4{]jks
q{{m q3E <-riliS E.l Jr<i ilIE< e"l € cn,l i?Cilrailr nT?X.[ {i:,!I f.idli
4tlE{ i?Ig TiI:i aqB <p< ?..< qrfin ft{i l]<t FE d(Er q{{E{l
T(1lspizrl-"e EE E{
.Etriii r]11rr". iri ("r) <iil, q{i, nz] (c?rrl. a. (F. {!r) elJii
nlz ffi{ri{, ,F 5;ii.,. <r <<r+< -.*6 eE 6{t llt sv6n itrri e]n
(aE-a), i-q. <ft 61Er !6n) ,.1r1lqlr]); qnr5r.r. I1l ,{r ('li! l?a,t!),
:fli (4E fu--ra). dfr C--fi q'3 lroi€r]ql Tr <lfr) er.s-si ,r.t
nl-<itlnn iiT TcraE ,r- "rii{"teF iiliri {i,Erltr etltr IE'[- {'alE-;
-fuT.it le i"ia r<,. fi iir+ &,8.1 -fl <"T.E. 4< (a[$ fi{ ri.].
qi-n{. {Fl.ll- € iiirr'or< Trrl riq?ia ;-trfi T?r ft- qfirtl &jt;r<
{(n j3}l {"lrp q'irrr 3I'r rrrtl Esrr< € ffisqrft ai,m< drn+t. 81ft,5;
p rotcl ise< lir =,?+
qll. ftAlr. D!iq. ':+:1-1a !<i :. s. c. it. s
qyi,j n]rlm r",rfiE etu€ {r"{!r i-E
qe {rf-
.iI,ir e,-B't-$tq crZ+i:t. :r.1. -t{itfq< 'ti'i ",..i
q< rq fi(mCq<
au?l t;EEq r crF5 ({t4t i<( <j{n]tl-<f+tql qqiati .tj tl.j -aert1
?TtrhT +ia<F(fi f<ili zu '.qj lt{Ffi-qt']3 -}r+ rtrer< liir€ uI
ffii "fssR e'4n fiit >rm qtjt:l {afi ;:.tTr€ o=jfirq. qfufl{n €
reiineF< qtfur< Iln -ir qr< <q?f,{< ntr Erh -4aE ,iti- riF€
rsle ahr.F r,rir ;,;<r.lil 4rr- 6fi {j& . el fi- fi"1aj q-51 q-sin
?F."rE-r u?r< arc1i.n niF*q ."*F .'r'lq'r.l €"Fr+F t-iiit+ I<9 (l(
T5 1.s c 1qq1re3
qiq]3 A1T 6s{ {il
frq{ ffiruEh
{RJIfrfi
lqfi s Qo, iw ql&! <4raai lt(,a q(rfil Frn .rg
f<E I qiiE qiTl (cr)-
.$ ,e$, ft (p)-m E?,
qwr (r-.$ q-i qn( FTal (K)-(o T& TCa fir
qfl <p I ,!n qc? qRii 'qt<ql' qqtiti 84fi .ffii crcE "tt< ,
ifrr
G! .< (ftjr) qGT (qr4r)
ei)
Tl+ (flar) trll (q-rED
.r .o +i (r nrs
too J.o
'.qr4€ ar{r q<-[ i n-i,u< qd fffi- <E!]fu <fi!'i FKq, q<
-t. aar4g ni1qrF .!T:1 ari'i fip! qrg lTt :ir..rao q1<B o.ftil nn
i :?,?, .rt[r .".,....t. < irn r r. 1.r ., -'..3 :-n= R "- ,a
{]l [il;e]a. Etm's, {iT 4EiirrE rl] Iia1. [.163 !lr]r <t< ( )t) {l|n e-r
lce a;{ri Ir1i6 "alt< q,q .rp EFt )i 1?-< jr E-11 t) {<.|4< fuT{
e-r i , ? . . . ! '-'- !. t, .i " . "'f..,, a r,.:.=1r qa
..r8. ) 6]I1E ). )o. ).o. ).oo ier-iq $F .r, i+E Grrni-; liT 1fo'
5itr, ) i e 4I< 7 . ,r;i: : a- )L : : <.r )
taa )oa o.a -i(?1 ta.o 'l:18; ... qis]I< ?i6i rrlg lr-1to tnE trrRt. I-l
.aj--4n,-"'6. < '--. "+" Ci-b:.. E.r. "a" Ca- aAl .<",2
Fii fi-lrs (aE !8i q-r < 'ra'flEF
eic{rs- ri -ttl firl rtrE. nB
tt<ri.li.hEll] idn .ti .tp-a. !,-!. (r.l fil=al :trE- )rrn a.r[1
"rt,]
k{TI'j
el El,l i?€ n-6 -?l
(<|:IF ft1ri 15fucE (hlitlI. Lrl4, i]E. r,'1. "ls3B, 'J'. +lEcll ql<
icitl<3
"-E
6= StrP.- I?:AdI l. , X. L. (1. D 'ql< Mr eFlI a?ll E<
..'-{ t,Lllll ,*e46?'i (4i > tl. -In t_'eafr'3 5 ''Ib.
ijp< qrt .!TF q,ifi r<t{+ 4r+3 ii= lil]I EF Fd*, :r{ <e eislr<
1ffrfi q]I't q]iG F1 <ftatr (xl-t DAi.t, ,!T(""<
=(,1 stifu qr <Iii:-{
rct +<i; ;llFr.n,s< o:rl qifu qcot <ftc-.t rt Dl rrru q< qtor+<
qr1 qEfu ,!F1-; <Fr(]] lat ) {{-,.1 (irl a ?f- $t1'1! <i ,!$ aqR
,art tn"is-l ().8E-) €,o-n {Ft< T[a]il ,i.i.l (o.hi9),to !l"g.an
l! DILI. ': 'll('l  I ,a< r?r 2l-! '1- ''4-- 5(a. 3' 'ql-'
f."Jr r.. f+'i{l FI<Frqi ti"Jr tc F1l< afu ."a, tl-{E qll xl. (<( xc
qt< Ix a< linr< irFtrr Fr! <9 'r<r,!l
Frll gr<s <1lar':ti< < fir:l
_rtll <r(!+ ,!. t, 4<t .{n,rtn 4-,.l] a,-< 2--<<7..' )(! t
ie.{i a+{i -fi € qt-rq {an {"it< Ifo{ <'- ,t]1< q+'it ,!+- F. iii{.
Ft< qt.c< EE :ri.,!+ rnt <, irr qr,'< "tro
q1.4< ("irsli)i ql< E i.
idl flgR {ri- 1'.1r.ift{rE (. t-antT. El 1< r't< faqrr< qqlF<
,1. . 44, a<. C' C!< *./a- ,4T:- cJ< d'nr
' " . . r'FFrn r a:
-
,t' < n-(<I-. :.. tr-! i3.ca t: ldt".,riJ:m tno, t-r,
"u
1p1 r..je.,1 c'< 114 +a< .'uEqfu a1.:t 1 r" .ft"ro 6rq <!otz<
q$ {Elti{< -lt&r viltc ,!< -.ri]'r'i -Fr5- .,a< fi1zE (6rJl rl[i o .!<
{c,1. (€ fia',{ l) (i rr-l r6"Itir {Gl itE{-u1i< gii+. ql< 1fl4 M !l<
rla. a.tt !] {aq {5Tl<. "'l-. 4:<} ar_4< r. :': r <. :i. q
"
4
ltqE E1'l-. (r[n {< atlsr ri]ir { (_<
4, {.i51. ,!l:l .lt4+il D srl rlcal {(4
it'-ornl< ! fra. st< r:j"r'trr N1-q< trq <r4 aidai< liF {c"J <ifi-
aI,". .I- i { -'.< .a{B ?r<i. :X(n.-..'r' r-:2F:3 r- " '("
rr< -h1 t:Itr'- Fll. ,fr. qn. .'w 1[tf7. t', ' .l]? a-- -17< -aLt3.
.il'rnr .!cr4l fi1<]< a<"ilrc 6t= r+..< f* eni+,.1'E nFn- ltr:r(s
<ai<tpal. 6-.n aqni =ft- r'rairo qrs< Grr tiifiro< .-re
'F.t?' )r1:r.t. -.1
. P r":r1." 1.rD. craTn.a.;"
xi41 irj. 1I4i< Eit qflal iD? (0) <Fal< -{<'.< aF{o a{'. .i-rr. a{]{rn.
q<<i i,-]ii.rs,s --$i r"-il+ S"r'tA< q,re-, q--tEs [ii{C 4< (?,T< i-1]
-tig nrA 6" qr .J1"]< fua, ,!i q1i qmE nrr-a c] af]ff taliB i- -i<'!
qJ{s Ri,,!l a.J?I GlIs .4tr<.!--6d elB {5'< [E-e 1Tei3 <Ea{< traS 4ilMl
:u€,1{ qrr.fi q<-tl. di .. rE<. ir <r<fi T[il :rF Et] {r+
ia. sl.rr ,*i +{tt:l ,:+Fs aorn.s q-n r- gr-4rl
"l
ii4< oEl
4rfae E-:l qll5l L!T+1i .€"eT JT,]l, e--<,O. Itfrl. ,<_r nBIa, {<i q-13€ -lniil
aF"rl€ ffin fiI4< liil]r< s<!E fr- T{.{l >tT{ a ggl< Gfi TEFeIqr
;;IIqi 4ik Tit Fl1 .nir etf{E €r?ir Etit4 5,{i "t!{q ,!s, ,q€tl mTai
) ei ?ftn,q
'i.1,
yaT {rl.n q4r{ e<( rE?l 4irn ElEl< fiF ocR
€lt< 4lt4 ;i -ra q3 Efi fo +r< >t{d Fi- . -lanp,. ({rot ai:lr.E
leEE Ttfli Ftci Trr{
T.n TFT JNE XZAr (qrd .. ).
t, ... b rii tslrs 'x13, -; "6.
e.llE ,fI<, qT< L!F.I]'1. Ea.I, iz< h-aJ
-r"al qqr< r:r -t€ Ftr",raq r: q<,s
Er(4, i E1i,i frTir rr6lr{i, !t<
'r(r< ,ltrl<. !-< 'trn<fi EI.t<, EiTl
siirdj ei s< 1i:' stro Flt<
E1iitIT tit4 A-F,3 )l-r,tt qtffi< dr+
<lrlIe <41 adt tF alqtTr fuaT f,ir:rft
qm drctr fiq. -f,ii i-n aroF I][('1;I {isTI< -t{n Frrs {Eh qrir
"f{cr n]r5rfl "r,R Ft:i yn}i qFl
dirs qi .,-ri ,!.r.Fn Fri]5 s]til Fii,
ni?B si a<.rn {i Jri Eiii<
q-rr,2lql aril q(<i aEri n ?E qfi-ItirT ,l(r,!j iirn rEir fiel.r E-{ F.l qt<
ql] <r lon qi5R I]..z{ qffi ,!Q TeIrF-i t rzc} Fr_r< ,rn o*+t
- 'kcr <g ".< * lc-a -_. ) 4,_!, j *--r-2 ,- j -. e j ae[. .'.,
-. :- .-t: '>-:. ,:-.',.< rt(a , fn {2. rF=-a .J:7 ,3 c n a 1d:a<
aFEflq {[ ]iilrr r]1] (ort nqe q q<.o, or{rq rit- 1<Frr Fil i qti.-
q4f 1T {0) ({"n 1E q-irh. {l 1 F aFa<i ,.- .tira{ ,J5fon cJfi
.!"1. e< !T{] litFsriTn ,iEt l-s q<qn <i fufaF, cqet+a qtrfuo iF
,:.r!1,,-tiit"j .qFi :]I{ i !,<.rl Jrt qq]il-,i, Et6,t< E]rs;..3 sllE -E. Fl-
,o:]f lqli au as qqlTl rqta ,rl< F.aaci,q("1 c..a rrl]]: qtd grE !$ (?.ra?F
+< ";i= i{ rir-: vr -51 {l 6.Dt T(6! qt--trI rF , ,r< c<il 6t ti:<r<
<l TF {t",qR F{+_ri etag:n -TqgiT (+Fe ;,1",T ja4i clt- aI lIF.c a]
E.fi.r el"fiL- e-aT,] -{t {E _Qffi Efu.e- il ,!l i11:i ?EfiI- ,+tn€
lrr a,t fte ,ilaai z[n< :r[{< q-icq! o.< f_i- fl.3 qai< qtzill
E-.!_,1'Ji .!T 9'l T-{i; ql{[4q- qa1 F.iFr+ lt].r 3r.n .a[:]IE ,!Is
aa'r ,<-rl,t c.i-e]l,TT $16 -"ti
:lix,r.-rT l;i]Mrot X< ,qaql n-_l {t ,!rla
)oc "Ercm ) il+l! qlhll-eTlld< S] 4- 'i{{t. Ei 'r"r:fl,
,i]E
'rT{1.
I;3
':rr, "i1r.i "HI] s "i?Ftn 'Enri Sr rE cl]r(q ftq< li1<m ln:l l+rr<
EF ?(T 1.il4]i rri. utsn< F1 €q qiaE c{(E @r-aai .l' Brcl. et6r< BrTl
tsii ?"l! o{(o za irri E{ qr5r< {rrr.r fun -ar i6{ ?rm fi1"r<
qtqr'ti nLl
qal< {ai R{ q1 eiTql<
<l T<liEr
q$fr e:q16l]Er fi ijrfa{ E a.I q{ Fir{r. qA
ig.n ,!4oo tc L:a {-1rtan
t3<. .!o.ooro f irTr
ig.iir ,!-orst? 1t€nr Elrll
ig!r- sarsr ? q1
'rirfl
iq 6fl :rr"p (n qrrlrrs {(q qTr6i 9l.i Erlis ?t FiI.i] qTs
tffi]i. rmre , q Fi,n< cr qlfin Als, fo,, r<mnr< <iqs flm,(E,n
'j-.fu< crn ]1q q Itr rtEi a<,3,1 {re ({Ia ["i i].T< {an 1ll <fuar
66 frl ql ,i]Ii< .qvli aari:i {]t(qi {< r[it tr] < qar+1ag qq <ft(-.1
.roc r(-q fiTfi 6fl c'lTs
rnn (F,,t rrT6. q? -la{< srr4n T?ti (olatr olT€ rF &c6< s1{< Eqr
Ea'il <ql ql,l ql-ln e-lTao< T$i qr-lT qcrs g(E ("..81? 3'rl E.Z[{ <r
=r{1TTr ar1ll ('jrF. Eri atr fi-Et lilr a,,!.-o .!F. !l. ']i
€ EaTri fi€ fi1n
Tm iia"i
9{
/l/ + bOne Two
q+ EE
fi.jEma.< EG{c-o
q6{lr4n <lqg q{{lrd< aR .!T -lETfi "r(i fl 1+ii ii+} rqq'E
+irq< qr6 ee]< ufim cq{ "fis{] !T{
+ 1 ,
I
qt<l< qr.rT.+< elq Etafft <kr< 't(<.4fT+ 11rtri eqIrc C!,Tfi- arl"flr
rq{ {l{
4
?lZ5
qqlFi cql? {f,n' <, qfl <J<18 lilli]eF" s'l qlirn B-116lll ni",i
fi"ri? ffi{ qq .6ls AT< c11l!" 6f4(,5 Tfo. 5'fi evt r(,sF€ ft.'li
iilfi s'i ,r{"I {(-.r(E ,!i c..t-,+
qi-zi c<t<.l .'ir. -fi "i-fu ?in rl]a T]3aF
T.< I(m ftlti-"]Efu rE r.{ft, or< q+?,1 f-r F(1 Tal m a:1. ll$l-rl n<n
-roTft< q',I'tQ ,gRe{r{ -6{F qqtil< e}-i <ITfua qlq 'ils { !r.ei
a<t- wdq qq1q 1fi-F, qrE-{r11{3 qqjfl[<< i<JF {i{ro fqEft.
)rr _r3,Fftr. b t0 3 d1+ _a'a
: . ..?G r '. eJn-A7 .:3. ., :llt
lqn]3 3rc13;(En Fa< u-ro sr=fu Cet ra +ra. iF aq5rl<crrE qt<Ti
v .g lllfnq 6"rft- <,"Tffi sT{}l FiaGf"i leir c'lzE. qzE ,trir:lrTfi
T]1 <-r(E 1iq]' qr<.n;rr e+! Fsm qfifli <d- <-arE 1r1 <] 'rir4' (<
"rTitr fr}r. ji+- crno 1ffi -]q ?lT[< Lcifhe]r (I>r(q 'ii-a<t'
(Zerul -t<ie "iafl!.st< iil ce[+i ,914{Er i"i.t Eriii fu-{r< 1q ii]ii<
e-{]lr ?-mq ?r'r"iz<l'. -r< rlrr4 qmq iirrG -T f:L{f
rr<F< F<. rri !'Ta 5-r {.I} 1.6, ,< 5-aa. c 5A 99) ffi:+
!< !:rtr.r <qarl {.<rt i'R r,firfl'1q osro< fm ei]3 aqz+ edf,it<
rnrrpm +ie ,9<r Bsi Elft-.F] (qI4 lm-q ,r-io rie ft8.f qfi< E,i<
,l]{n sfub qc<fu{i q:: $$nq qtr<{q (al{rEK. T<,i.t) E.€i qE Tl
(1r$ c'i{ qtsrq rc< cr"m ee qelil}v rgro ?l"n +rra Ocfut€}
'lTfi']I.R (pilgrim farherzvi<) qI{furrir q{s<r.B
"R
qtq "r{s ls <ow<
qs'l- {(fla. 's.Iinms q1toTTa aian {{lin qfrffii IT-A EITE-4
qr4G's x'it3 {a4r :
qrrKr q.{s ffi {{rqtr Ftlp "tft q<t 6fi5sci F!-f{ {gr
f,jgl{lit € Elrff e|{& al.<Iqnt ltg € r6i< E1< Flromii EAs
E"lll Ectqd FLrlpIi (nn ft"i ,jtF< iE (w.tcr workr, gfr;t
lls (canals) q<i iA3 qlg F{dq-$fi ffi{s € f]ir-i-qrTA<
Slu(e, trm 6r{aEn !6 6?m ffi-" arro c+< c :
q€r.rl5dll< rqd qrqj <fi "i'qFd, cci ]']l ;l{ll {{rqE €
etsq-jr en-Fler ?A-TII i q&iF Tfi Rsllt< qtI4l qr{
r<rrEcq{ r qtra{<r ,ils 'tfiserr< r41rl< qt-< ,rFtc c-tT<
T(q lqfrtiE fisn . ftr-, TI< r;rfl sI{AnrF{ TtE ca,fs T(?,yt-
1i?,rr< r< ?<d{6 "rE Fm +mQra. El s cnr{ er<fu
r'lifuqa {6 r 6'tE fu6t:]. ifsfqi,i., q<s qmiir cqrs<
aqr< Eif; <T(q. eR &li <6E <r6q ui ?<?fus frsr ffiai
e|gn< ,rf"IFls:6r{i v,Ei l
!Ec<t1 Tnr n]TlTi Tr<FrE {sftR"o- Tsf,fi ,rl:T< ft6fi qtE. ET<
i:<l q]ti+el Erq rt,9 S6lrq ffif"- c-rF< qo"f--t
"fl-e1aa
qT< clrl
q{,I .!i {fl{r qo< e]Ero< 1t$ajii }r{14 .jt€:n c'lIp qqrq eFB
cefl tg"t fil efa$q4 lgf,flz,j ata{rqn n? ,!i Bi-5 ft",q eiqrit q<Fio
a<r< ,i.<€ nq "iErA {<< sf!rcr"'l 6r+? tfua c<mn rqfut ir+rV q<
ifl1.; Ft<cl -t3i q? "i5fuao .{Fr'fi E (ffir .&f; Tad qa< 4< r..X<
.,T<. t1." .r_d: C"! xln dr{Ep rErT! .1TF .--F i'"1 l}aal-a
+K+fr mr.J ql ?hG Ea F{i i{ <s]{rear qi qrt "jid <6{]In
q]{rrs<
"fl,1Tqm ,{ >rq6 fiTFr !'q Et1 qflr;n aL q s ng< E{ q
:i]<sFlE riElqli
'k :tslil ?ni (]lTtn <T vr{<i-l:afl ,r5fi;aE lcr6 eq-s]'l
-<<R 1?x aD? E'{E{ .!n mfb lry]r< sftft- ars ml.l ,!<., {sF"i
.t-til "trrs
q4iq qr. qti .:r .Id[4] qr{ 4'raal q1E -|al&? ir.e -
r{< (i1ias {.n li] Etr. qr6{ a]I't c sitq !ra< e:Frh-< 1iflD
efuq.fiAl {4-sr<r€ ({n ,!l laq il]]nil i.gr"i -.r<te tmnfr qt{{r
,lf.lre< iGqr sTr<.i q{aE {rrc nr<i<t< (EiI- eul, .!-nnl5r,<fK
frot<la c <F{fuo afuql , fu{! q"fl? e T6n a,E {ar e{. -F{q T(o1
Eri 'otq v.lls<' T(l, {{6 s li-sriIT{,i <T "irg rnE asF.3 qftq<'E
rit <ils o+it 1oa 5ftofrro ,i {n'rr<a rqnts .ir. ErrE? qn't { ?rilc
a qn? Fi{ sl-i rr{q qr 'fiist< <{ ,rT{ l
,lrrian VaBl F<l alr(o 'itt< c{ q?z$ft ta1q"qhG q]igile eflfi;Flrd
uS.rir$n i-{fu fu4fi-, i.rr< srm cTE n<q E{. ,n {iE ElrF r{r eqT?
st'i6 c Et"tTlliti t€t<n E-{ft .9q{F{. .9ir.tr <Ei Efli5ts il'16 Firi f.iqr
+r<q -o"ns rldi iTq c t a a?tz?F Td+1i3 qef[ ir'.'is Eq"l]rin s+. E{fi
omro otef";iqrt cigt ai!*t a,,rs {ro (d<ER $1'!o aEli q<e ;hra rsr
Sfr< ogd,iolfi <t ot<€ thg q[l (,[ol +1qq <arc e+ +-r<Eq, Fila
?iz<nq qE rgi.i -rE]tri& (nF9r< TrJq iEfii €rfirrr. q-]i sr<€ (4fril
{qn "iI3
ql"ll{l{i 4lE q<E {{ ,!l 'q[,1
"]--31 Ts{]fi< m1fi Ea
qt, q< {{J Eq qks le<t., lfrrq {il ,s {grs <ifu ErlI ql{r< "rrq'
TlrFfi c!c q<lrs,i!] li- Erlnflr t€:flft 'Jnf1{]I <l "flftTd< G.k
Etri5 Frll @
liT{ F-c|i etalF ,n1 <t ll]|fi]I{< {r<qt< qr€ {a nl1 qq{6r d{
o = "9. ;'. .!t!< --C! < r'.-n FflJ:( i Fl <-I<fF ,-}. irB)
qqm 1n "l{t<c+ 3q-qFl'-(< ,EqEl or< *, qfu,i]T-Ij liilI1l at'5r
5:IE TF .r,4 ,4 f]-* d .{s :-r9a x€< . . 11 <- in j4= . 1
,,r'tsT<i qt< qF 4n << Gire]Fn+ qstqfi cad *t-qT liT zg1i Tir Ee j
"lr< rircrfl 'UI]I 'rt{ mc{ "iBl <l osfi 0"R T-.lt {E I qj 3"R qa{sn
qn L!4 ,,TiF !fi ffi1 4f4('E G'rqLT rtrli 19 sfltn +<T ri:r ,r,
r]]fqer4]TE fsE qThtqr. *]d ilimn E{, TR"i em,e(.iI$ fi.i lTcar
'<]raefuT.l1i'Ft Cqrn ('IE. lezer ri:t (q..sr aatfl r€q dtiq< {r-l {c{ (tIE
'ilr -ll{r{< :rfq (?,lzii. { 'lqr.e-
fii(.;l -r(n ']lf;T]n(s 41-1 F{' 1-3
(-{sr qcr+ Et aie e- etrq. "r< s,eret coIgiT fi(l lra E51 rr1fi a.II4 aE
flF i -i,fa{ ($ €frs 4Ffr qel c<< fia-{ C{1--n arlzT qEsfi lzi1te ,4*
<tr< . t& (-! 56a ,6a ?'-<3 +go a6<
-, i .-re <Ffi. .: /: !f,d
"V t'ttA.Cin {I< a{C" ,-Tct 16n:a{-t(R.41: y..T r: .< ,"ra.?
Gi<,1r]r, qs"rT{ <i 6nZE T- 1!5 1sE, ql< q r?r'tra E-er-'jl E{
"[]l"]3]rrj G"E (4.,1 (< e]fi;rca ili-s 1sr+< rm "rsr rtE
"r
a+q
<r-<Ecqa ,9qqn 6Ealr [d"ra]< qRli6 <r qra]i:Irs' fi qts iqlq-ir'f
<En <l Etis qt'll T,n i?rnit ,!iR 1tr i ftCG{rG <I+io q]IE .!<
i..Iiii qflq of,irpn €i(4>l< fr.i. Ai <ac{r fl erTf-r c"ri
qflqF EftLT. 'qrfra { qtE. fi{< ci_tn3]3 -ri'Tn 6E4', ({ ql{4 r?
.qTi lEfuE' {fd ?Eii i:.11k4{ Er q{qrr gi6i? oo {i(E ilql 9Ai
E]I{(lnai,4< <lqsdl1qr qels t!1E (qf+ etB lrr qq13 <!f qlri <?6
{68 <{tr{ ffiq'-q< Jr6fr AlFnr rFi"I Etf i :
.flrIa qn4 cl r? il,rr ("16q, (nt) tI' ii{< € fin iic({<
ofri.fu .qtr<e < ql[.tcn 6FoE la,f. u<lfif4rtr .qIlFr6
ri dra fur",tqn
,!i Ei]lfucj "l]]li:Fr ,,"1+ qm {.rl] (] E< 1163 <ai 1tA fiqiiifi{r
al"(l <F113 T<fa ql<E <j?"3ii2Iqd. ql< 4{n +€+3141 T.T}-_ili }r${]4
-,{q rilfl q{'to F-".r -l qr66ra itqlftrs< {]IFn licr ?idl{.{ ?|14
.ilfl q'r<c qwgd a{ c+n€ 4$6 {aE< lGft r: .1la< $tqr6< !-6q. qal
qR qFE $s< 'rffio o; <;mri EEeq, ii; tF +-cq q qrtar{:
sqls (FFe 1q'ri1!T< eXl$ l;ct eTl.t r{ :lr d
-1d : *. i<Z- .ucr," 1"1', ]p :rn f4:?? E) (r{f4
' l't.'< [r- ] CTa ..---6a --aS .<f<i, e Ffi.l .l : r. 
jn. j,-,r
ln) <rE(Ti EFrg c?i.o (n "ilffiffi f], eTir <re (E4r (eEi:l E
ilfi"i ,filTi a'.]IrF€ rlfi.:r.rFrn {Enl lt[IJa,] a.r<-o3? flffi Grrrl
3"Inr <."I< Triii iIaT :il"i -K e.k qal (T
--en
il i. Etr ;Ioq (4{ts
- sn< "l1gfffi an tFrl"rcri' (p.rtinrp.esr) (1+flff-) r{"rl
1p"1;n=1a3, p,xEi1=mrs { {ti{t Erfl :l1.i q{1) i,i"r']I< lin'lr-, +rrurrr
q,i4 :tdifi1iiE aa{ Ir-aa< 1ft4 a{:lT si{t3 +e.it 5Ei'rir< 1.1r 4lr<
li:irino- ,q{l iwa.rj nRtja.i qq<t q]fra stro< ,q:a+ E:tt q!r, c,i,i&
ifr.i iiBGfi{ {<rl ,iil<l T.:l rci€16s 6r* {crlil {i{qi .l1iGB
Tsr ql,"E (rln] rE -r'erirc' ;]F{ }iJ q$1"{ rnfrr {rtFirqi it"r-
,flfift .4rlj i <lFrqe sT]i "rqa:
.fstir(- ;-r o{l {F1Fl iFi(TI
.3a4< €.J< t{:filti3 a{{r i liqT<< ffi'{ -t-rrrF ,i-.t EI]< qTri{ :I?.]]
.E"I rtl:l q< q..s}l Fr.tr <rrcq !t -r.oiiro i+i --"rl raf{tr.< ifirasa
..d 5ra +a{,i b.'r--:, .<= 6< ,rl {.: }-v.ft Ca< j+<. n-<
<i:dt riq z<rq qsT -t-];ta" To.t afl lBfuTjai rr?a!I+< E-<
raTn Tglilla:i
'l{ll {l<i i5-T 'o,l1,Te. (el: 1r,nt 4 i<+: qq fiq<:r-<t
F <r.l Efl ?I1q3 B"R .irrT{ ftI]] it<a <;rft< lr:- qr'fi fiBt Ect< cr
aail csrj3 ql<t< {.1Eair TE< qlfl {(E iITn 6lr {E€il le laFs q<(.
-ri1iaj
'J1iEsi.! iTsr <lzli siqt< Gfi snj;rfe< .rE; ii<rirn da]Zl n
.--i . -raa {)../?3-.6-1 t. /F< nlt. <tFL.rp _r"r1<a
ra!
+nt <4f- Troa i,=t. .f"ifu a aGli,ii. -ti (sr<tq) ,r1",, qt< En:
r--a4]3 a]rEri nta 64 (-rr<j$-n) lbicus r ,!i q|ita:I4i 3'ia< f-l< efu
{fl q.l-cq
YftffirqE
stfiG s E-s 'tffrs<firt
qnl]al etqr< {re1 {1I({<€ df{+ em|Eq ecw 1fi1ft c<r efl.r'fu+
rfffi cqn+ srq<er qe'r o6, +rm. os< "rld er.vfu eqfu+ r-lt
<l{qr< fii a<., aEfu+ fiffi qITs qc< furq< +:ro ef iL{t ,9 6<"1
n-T{i "m< {qlg c'l(4. rrql{lnq, q]-g{ € fi-{]"lsl <I{{l< 1i+]-1l ffi{
Tsrq< iGEM q{< fim qTq {Irq< cFrq (-F qsfrl {L--rcs ta, (1r.r
"r<
ccnq-$A ql< eran6A +qer Eori etn o"|E6in ,!rE EE 'dt{r-{R"l
qffs {aq q'K li 'Fi Ec--raE {gi lie I,l ,l]fu a<-X {crIE {an ri<l< aP
olr
en ora +r]Ilqc+< ofaIq Fr+m, qq<q sm oti "flqr{< U"r< Flq
:|jiT< qiJ {rr {it4t qs {]-t]Is Firntq; .i(q c,1", fi "iiiseqR sT<h {
{c4 ijltqcn{ ".TFt
.. --ricf. {E{ a-ca PrrrcnS:a cit< <t.r<tc --;<
,!rtq cc I{< 'l.sF< tt&-"iTfui ql< q{]FI f.firE€ <lnto 1-r(,l ('raP L
urrs el cl ilT <tgl< <Fql T{q <TrE, ol-i nn. eli'{'is Efii,ad{ Tql @t<
-iry1i rqq FI< <rn1<€ {fr{ {(T(E r
ftrftq<l qrE qrg< {tr firc< cqra fr.rBII E oa on fuc< wo
( I(- n ,t6ir {!-.r{axd {"".- 6r<c. rrfs "rro
s_i d-? .c?< o'rt:
eiii {a{Iq; o]iqdl m-s ofr ef€-5 F{F {c.ra. 5l< fu, qrgtr
"r.se
65t13 q.q"r6i q{e-E< qrfi {T<t< Flllq1 FFSE aarq, qaw< ela'fm
eqn nE ,{<i Esia{< rg$ a qrg{r} fsfi qfltq
q{.i], qi.st< ra g1i-< moro F4{ 6a trr El-< q{"i cc {r'f<
.4rrrm qlm { qr€c{s. i;rfl <lr{fr+ aml'l (qro €< 'rolr'l G'i{G
+'c<lzml ci !Kr.K €qa-{3 "flelr c'rcq qf,la fir?lq 6{n{lnla, qr{R
e< 6e qls$ cufcq c?Fta€ rora's qtfin afi{{ ffitot{< ryfi ff-r< 4a
(?n:$ fi"ll {rp cq fqliq jn<rf{s e ilft< fi:ftq<r s<i aq "rfl6 {a't<
<-ra rn fu?a: 3l Q
m 6{+< 5 !5 ,_< .6 16 Tg? 'rcr? trI3
a'f.Ea l
efiqfiIo s4{ {d
T{fi<rq 6*ci< {,q furlr'i +t orq ceirgr r"c!r... Js_6n .JlRr :t,ri?- sr-6
F'1 6(n 6fiE 6<1, fitn <lq Edl< ,6'9 .ara {d} -* nft 1flr'n, 5rR -R
rlfi ,e6E cEn il<l lac:r <rq gFI< i"i1< (<1 ,r!F !i d-l E rfficn airal
rh<Er {fi €ainl fi{ {rRrai< Eta'f< i"i< {<l.< rrL rur. EFri a<tit 'Il! c,r
gffi mda <!1E
x-srcr< ffi rrr wr <tw< al:nql;lr -filq qt<e iIq rln tiET{{
firl] fi.j ,!tqr{ ar*{ {rfi {r$ qs4o{t<t {!;nF rFE-irE qr< erffo
Fictrli ffi"rs{ Ec c'[k-i .!tsr< @rq cII srf<-TE <qap, qFF
fterE< 16r <re! {i{q .i?fclT s- 8 € c qq+ <zr, TEl3 <ra Edr<
{',Isf iI'.q G cfi Eq"ri a{, oT ,!c ryf,f]q r 1as <'rtF@< O,r3 f+<rf{s
M< o++< rur ftnah qfi"rfl ffi <q1 i1to r{f,+rrq< r<{l,mo
rrrdq q{fii Tq
qift E{] Tfi.tr5 {ifl {6El 6a1R< )t (6.sEE i1< al<G. flG
s<q -€]lI e qfi iiaFi {f,4 4TE T1" ft.< rFsrr Es oElr< itrier4]<
{ct|i fu4. El< s +tr s66 "fi "i <fi 1elT F{l Ee EIneF rlllr ?le;tn
{fi {ai. ET< etl;eF qtr6 ,!sE qn
"16 'rg - "tz< T'61 1fi Eir<
3l-a-Ti X??n ftr li',{.n
"irflF
-iF ,!+ir
"JE ie- qiet1<. rs tgf
M lg. vk cEt: a'<tr< qc<l4t< ralqro .!a riFt.t rt<l Ie -l<.[ qlr
q]{fl el €t'!]qs :mrs 'itfi: iic l;q la'J "j" T€< ( fua qafi T{{rs'd$
4iifu- fint , .!rF ft;iiinae< fuii'< sn] {i Ta..fiqr 4ift- r(il <19 !-
<i9 q{i:< E-r1- "Fio
"rfull,
llir q(!. aFrlF;r-s- ?St ifr (,trg. ffi
r:Irdilr ftn lea ('rq: qF q? 1a96ik J?3;: <-1 soli srorrre<
qs,6 o.1 q?r; s? F."f< -q..,r?- ftr+ at <E E "i,<
=n 5- <ftra lr
{TE fifrc{ qaE ,It.df"]= 1-{< f{ra- fiiz+< ardtlt+ fi{ i rlr:sA
I'slr (tq qfur< f lzn ffi1." + < s c <'i1TeF
'Rd "n€-.r .n
rtar _:r+{(F< -1: i - .Fl,J< '<-s({ :,1 .3.,: <alFZ Tt'.tL ij .a
3ra[< ffi l1.fiErw D]nb' tyEl.nl? :rrEFi ii. i-fi iri f.ri.g i.r."r
r:]-, qr< A Ari kq s. lt (all4 oF16 q--- .](;rc 9fu{ <'ftTGi
aq(t{ fo B'G? errc-
ffil! :latril'.'t.i {a .J'riA lrai etc< <I<?-rfi+ d"i.Ei ft6? <n+ c
i; +<t"t "tiiir" f*-a: iire .i{ {{a{<.c C. ar:. ?f4I- mF. -1-ra<aft
1rr 4q1<i el{lq EldeIFt< f1EfiTn 'r'fuod
e&+"r flTn iii+ n ]flq :i4
arn< ttrl fimil< -r"re,. fFI.j r:i] qcr{ fi>|{(T -irE .r(Fr >rstn'. qt<
nq arla giftin< edE' <fl qi r E];lr fi,.an o6'rEJ e-iiB !f i .!i
s{
=trorri?
iie a.r <i,<n"i q'g{ 3rft.6.r er'n€iil-il .;is (lt{l uj'i
ei'< otzeqff< qlEiq Fifua{ fiai5 ft(E Vn{pr'lai fraa etg qrc aq<
<pr crasr qt- ftfue <.1 {sTlir qir fiqlnt li?r -{4r risr Er1.'i 4l
dl<r.il fi6Al'rt.fi .T+ r ffi € 'Jiif{fui st<.r-+-r aq-.x lFarfz{
6{,nEtr<
.rrF< s.ft,'qii1
"ri<E
r<r< qttrt< qrEi< 4ni .1< f[raiTt n'ra{< ,!F
ft+,r€Erfi f;ffiEm< ar-Etf{o qiffiN s;t-erE.r a4as 1?q EII<q 6ffi<
6al en{f-elT< T(1] {lxl< +3re alrrF r ,.ar G< rl=r< e:i.r r+d gft
-,alrTlirl r -ig,l- Ji.r.rir{ t tqd -a:l.:iAr h? q$fs- .qi3I"ti :<lEa{
T'r-ry.."< . ?rr : daE< q5:.rr .) q ?' .alc... .-T< _rr
lliFr'<t ci r !i-"rr'<fu -r< lo-< Gr:n lri,ltr atqi dto <t+t ;Ialt
q+fi snk { q4qft< E"ii firrt ,qa! Frc tsrE: r'ifl€ Etsti IiF" Ter
q]I'l qifi;r? iiq fu.'iirj .Ra
8o
Ei;6"5i va. ifiE .alfii (Thtrlesr mro llFE <14+ oi 4']I< q{q"q
E/-TuiIi .1.i"Iflcral qt -r"r-q<? qfi 4ft*r fuqr r iri Er'"Trri<q
-:is!Ef<.rfl4rA Erq6 qg r.c:t i1i-El Er<] eli ilg Ercin Faal q<i qi
ftg'l +r-? <rqilf':; ,!r<i q{Gl; an"m lie rrtt r'p e<m srq,
qqfllr fafi 4rf6 frFDtr s<i ok qtrtflli-t rl. ,Eia"iti ["in] T'l Ea.
']<,o7d,fun
F.{ ,i csm< u+lq..rfdi TF {r.r, fu€ fu6 Tilr.]I{ATi
fila ni nl lFail tlij- rfil s-m.G- rsl fu6i oi;<r iii< (: g trqrl
i.a, rIIl 6arAT qr .{:"? (q?11< mfiEf{s staE.
".ix)
rff rlBl 11
:i' q I fis'nflc e:rlq r31 (tT cllq l:<rE anal ffi rci 5imr. c<
f aitT zltie< ftc+ *r+ t,{i.r , qE i{rli ri: <tsZr,fu<' e:g.r rry,"-
3lrfi.s <--r "tts.
gTifu j?ict lrsq'r 1ie rlfua {<j ioit,s ,!Tqn rF ,rcI
.{! fuE stgti Ere-l< <E< 'trn. -IFrfl (allc1>K rn;rfu< erqi q.qc i,'L<i
. 6t< --a, :-.t .FE : < lE-ai-f:3 { n-:ll]F,. ]T-zT7 !. e fl-ai
:i:j fi:r,+{[.< <t<r'<+ ! .ftfq1- /r,rl (I. -lrr< (F!Ir- 64r k{{
igqmi qair trfEran eE <tll, <tiiq (e[a E<n< €]a"t 6al ffil -:<i<
-n(I r€inFift[J.l e die--r,g< qTf.ad in6r$ ja?:{ir" q-ra ql g
nkqq F(r{afi q1-.-n <E f6cnG'. <r+ q':m olf:rii <q rrft
ffi fu-{a< tn:n "Ffi< .,lF <{i{+u ror'oi?iil<c -.qnfi ln
fP:aFn e7 C,-! ..i -1r, .rL.iFt= F., : 4t--. ;'."3 ,be
r-= Tra-... r:? .<.
:!_
.
: . ? o2a !-4rrai 11.. .:e !<r.C, (r
r:Iq{c {a-a ,r"ir: -1-< rr.rn f.l r_F n <qr tEr.l a:r ef<"]< Iirltq ah"n
.*r E{n q]] (4[+< i-,{(.< q<fi <aF 1 r 6ra }ii<fT+ far<r6sriJq'
tizltqn. ,i rrrr <+fi {a ri{ii-5 1fua, rerq Tielq qre av11{E (?tr:l
rm. st<1l <+- {]<s ,lrig q.ll,Fg fE4 1< r€<. <f{+in Iq (?..a.1
.!*n Tfu]a."lj .f.ir]ll ciFE r.I<ii(;|i: FT3q a ah.i..ii Gmam Llri {q
rr5la qtl (ami arl< l<r3 -rEErz<t q<EE 1t1;6 fi {] (ttr. .?"f4(Ta
r-9rq ,!5nld:ihn riI1f il-in3 fuel< cl iqxr5 r!3ri <-rif-, -Ta Ff,4
l]ro ,fi-G.( q]Im.- cf<cr,ie, {TaT !;]q {< -"J -rri4hTa {f,ifi(4{. {13
i-t-l aiIF 3!'k '$d f+XTra Ti "i-fu r4tr{ ni< i.retr< d{qt<l n3-(E
(16.T< fufita qrn i;T. qrffiryr.n. ,rf"ir3, i-E liilin G"l< efoi,-
r<roi iE affi f.e i il,rilr< <i<afr+ qrfti.sa -qlglq 1a-{<
?:ilq -<l:ri. .;l< {(i si dp-{a elra {r ri.g[< ioia 3r 5fu ffi]t<
"q;4
4rr;. Eli q'q id{o in T;rF {fu. frh 6,I[1i-.er ,t1g. "rs,i
+r<rp !r ',hlqE aszn c/-?.ffi {€ <l r.iil_-+. i<3ir f!7-"r i:ii;{. cli"t<
8)
lil]I<i 1I lr.< qrlT< <E {.- @{rdrI lihl.g (tqF rr{ fl11tr{ cr{i
irys li]lrercr, vm ur< ."Jri fiEh lirr4ll Ee."rd q{Fqlselari {fu.E
TFaE r! r TFis qJiilia smfi a?,Trl rlq ]I{ 1l1:]Tfi fir:trz"R {q1
?Trs ql fo?{q <l Anatysi' crrr,iio.tc. ,tnotu.is (qtT- q< qd fiIq
Fai fr,€it' <ffids rtlrn .+,]n€ (ttFtr fild lia:Ir.j Frr{. E,,n 1if,i i
"piT[d<
qtrflE] fili.El aI< {l qn qfuT, Et< df4-o Bt;nem 1"..o +zr
F',ry fi?e1ri. 'tFjoc .t,li asti€ l{ry iir:rq q(Tn. Efi ffi
ftwsfrz+ +rr+ [or-< +r< loeftr a ror aca i].+-s fus{Erar-< {at
I-51fu <itr<l< (6ll {a< ?I](€i r -F"ri ffi i"-A--G-.a sEsFh €
EEfihrs (anr fi5]"-"15f;r rust fth]i]rs B{A- {{ ql Fd.3]er{ir+
'tsnvl 4l'lI{R'qfiF]I]I{ ffir 1:l Sr'nrhesis ]I qiIltq
arB a{o iiietrl] €r{n ,! qt< c{rii'r firg:rf,d alcs <<. q nl
ar? 5fnT ,l1' II]I+ r'-:-r! .ff,c er's. a-n 5;lj 1e fi rr< !4 )rei1an
<"t:rT{ fieri*1f6fi{lEi( <.q fugi qF15 nr {+(ei cT!l(!ll qri.l
"Iir+< afu fr:qr rr< Ed-,eqf,i. sri fllBFt er€- <ri aTfo. q a ele :tit
€f{E fiT,.rqR Itr € q(Fi q]llr!'li {qlt ,3 qr4i {]11d< {ir. iirq
s-aq e {t{A d.l'aq]< E-if,!' {aE et]ie= nt q< qtqr{il q.-<q€.rnf<[nt 1s.
-<8.
ga<"nv s csmm-6Br q{]E 1T< lt(- flI{i ,!< cJalcll4ltcr<l
"i"rt{ ru5. q3 "rfilF{l q{fu {figF Us<.r q{(o "r]rit '.iFlrE< r]aFi]
E]igl q]I]1r< r,,-{q rrgor< s@ <l-ss *r g,,1i, A'q-ffi. ftb-s
litr<q. c<Its ergrotco !<i-qti3 qanrg a{41< ?-{ flsrsn; qtrtrE3
ftffi, dE-Gnn, 61iar+ r<fii'i, ,rs-f,<, {<ir fta, fqo&o qTrat,
?@ Sa- ?5 , rr I .Jr€-$T
{: r e 6a : "r6.n <r<1-- rn.
Telqfisi qiw ts"]{<q IE< 6'u .sEI {c{(E 'nfqfie ltr'<qn oto
T]IEI- (1hq rlr{E Fts ltcl ngr< qET< mr:r< ruFq].< $1Tii{4d. Er-<
s,dt q{.6 iitri qtmr!3 3,.-cpg {e
']T{q-sn4< <9 &T 'f.j-o6 sif:iif-+ enro <rqlli+ +ri jir:l'r
+<ro 16o qc"a; ft-e c<Frr-< qr{q EE q{ ert< fufi ff+ ,!s<'t<
qF6 ffirqr qt:! (T(n ei EFsr F"f{ +13 final"{'t.JIa rngT- q(<
fiaQr{d {}ii (pliny) <c{d. (.r flr rT{r.R Ef-m fts ER rrF r!. cl?
l.r< rqlic BG lffi(g< qm flc.ErEqr 1as (I- Finik{ E{s3's <<.
qa?q fu4TTfrli'l1 {u, Ft<.i E3t E ffi< orq< 'lT{r.f <qi q'iI,t€ Etrl
d'!r< ]1, "iffr.g Fiq, e,< arE "]r<, Er{l Inli lsg/-qi 'llq nff-- il€
?f4-aE
"it< otrq 4tcii ?ry (piur.rrch) q< <4{i ifirs rqE {a.i rcn
q{ ffi {C{r. (",ftrT< fffis Tre]I< {[5 1t{aT< rqrT< .otd€ cl3.< E-i
-.5a. e3'rsrf< rF* 14?IFi ri*. .I-< ,n_1* e .f.{.- 61 5aIt.
ftft,ttd|c : (q6(,ri {p]r 'q=!IF Efu1 <z< "1-i. 5I<1s $-sf cu"
a;a3 apffi aq6q, ffila (am aclf {'Eq EI< Yn:r' aFro qFB 5E
iit'l qK €Tqn fiqtE "ifficm ua q (i a1li -q<{An aft-TrF<
T.',fi. q. ,1Th+ 3.;6-a : "o
Trqi 'Ern cr,r= eair drrs fl4
o'c+l r"-fin tr] a{ns qnftfui 3@ liarl'Jr<rzr< iln rqr,Ts 'llerl
{].ir i;F bFta e dfi srn r{ffi (-{i .sln€ EqT 'fl€in m 4 tI s*T
ci:;r'. <t-11 as. ffi cr,fi-cl-< FlrE strrTd ol-TfifT{, 5t< cn- iil<l O'rTh-i
qflri ftrr< 1,r'Br s.qfiar"E ftr:r rl1a ffirl qrfari;fi slil 'i!6ln <5<
<ffi i=ro AITq ,fl'l d(i F-j'c iiri-i ai|r!? '. L .lt' <;n-- 631 1
{I6n I eI<
'lasrtr? s1<q filq 1i* srir {i'?r ar, ,5r{ Itfi C2] (sdGFI{
qgfic"r< {c<ll LlT T6n eN--{q 'tlq
qqco. qm ,rfifus 6sT !r < Eri-
!ft- qGrc
"iza
o<rs c"n<fEtq-.,"t-< eFt.i "it!{l lIR Fjart'fftilTaln3
qF+ Tgl]E il i m qlalrql a]IE qEE CJr4I E{c ,!$?,1 ltoK q{IE?
<< cr, €r fi"m't.lflI{< Ilfn <q ,rf€ dar.-mT< Ta s Vili nT?tl qt<
.'np= "irR< 6sM? E]] &< rg]q ftr{r evfi- <-rE{ qan eI,
q,*krr:s-tr< * qcoe. iira <e erdi rTil{ ilti ((--onlmunrsnr) (Trd
EaFr qB q{.ij i;lrEi r1@{ {[<ll qn5 E{ | Er{ fi e1 ']Tet;<<
ttl
l-,trr< qk+m ael'1 o+-en, qi q. r6t<t frrsm< 'rtiCfu+ '3
q{Ef-5
rr'i-+ *iat-]<ef4 s F-n 5'tiFr< <rtd E.n 6{a e- Eae. dqT _.rIrF<
a.sq-g< qr5o {t FTfieFj ql< qEB ${[{{ {1. <] !'t{ FlEro c1{r+l
n.l. rri {ci qrfr -]qal .d<q qfl< ffi Eq r Ealrl Fl qi caqi ffi
{r,t{rqE qD]fiE Ioi ataEjII qelal iiliFs q,$m ii+- Ell r {<i a+rlc
"ili rSdE (qrY{rEr{<) q]Io "]rs '!i( dIr.F ft.'l{-r.n eofiG aI<
E{ fi3trlr$c firc:i. thsr iq< rone tr], rrqAl- 'T{{ftT< Fifl
qt1i6t< <L<q FRIE ,!i C{.
.,lE$n ETrin ?q-i cq q{{ro,ql q<t m
.r< ]1.r< tssq ccl q{"arE <l'i"- qn a{]ie fifit .ErI< ita rqc{r '!TE
or< .a.rr{ .{ I< es"rT en. i on<< o611 -t1i.s qro E]< (e,t-r fi'!q fu
1< fi'fe << {{ F?fn. q-14 oK6 fi(q6s ls<li {qE rr<, q{s'i
qEqm ,i :rqci qr,io qll El< fi'r"i eo 9€rmo E{ -r< Geq. .!+
rydt.,,i qrl itl< ,lisq 3fnE << r:illit6 eofi= ii1- wlar< fiea
IisrEt<'nqm l.'",,Ili si{to 6F"t ,
Tr qf i< 'f, ff 1l !l
-FF c({l< sl'll. 13 rr'r e. e! s.! 30
(r"ll nrE {o a<. il .err+ r: (el$I) fiseq ;t. tsXtF< q fieq fu.
qi tEafrm .r li'{.,q ::gi qfs -rc<s -tr< >- T< r-ri i.. ril< !i
e-€Et(I.r '1'. Errir+ ',e-6-..{]II< ? . s a$ :-i1r'ia. ime q-n< '"fl'
is"ta q{ -Tt o<a< Ii:r:r (I=r lrd qtq- 1tR iir. !]l< <tli-c
",ti<
iizqF -ni {h ril <l
i'ipmtJiiqqr Gi"s iii5Ts :t(1l1l qq+<"t +r<&rq.r im *as
p -,,-a i .z 4a-a)?*rG..-{, <ff,crFaa:^ ! T? !1/Ca<C:j;<
{$rqi Tfl ti{e1i qE-r{ f-t<-si ftrsilli nirlr-e rilH q< cors zi{r.+
tld< <rq at +< iE fis;i.qr< -itq-< '(qlg ni!.Tl' <l ;ii'l ofu qre
(414,3 e i<ih rstmrft see: iiErrv rl"tt l-: trrrg. -r +.Ta dnF i
{.'t< -Gl $mF< t?{l f- ar rqqii<r<< ie.ir=: r? r.,a-i{i ela'..' F1i
.ll lThe Nlerr) wilcs ol ir(len .. tjelstltl-i< igfi- 5r4 I
li,e fiqn:F:ra<t
qft:.n q<ri?+ errsz.l
(tj13 fi"€h i-6 <. 'fq. fffi
orj(a <I"t. ?|+(.d q 9+
fim it:n rr.,iir;r crifir+
Xii< fule vr<c 1p c+<r oi
$1niirraa i?r.,t,i<la1<
k{-! 3"lam' ri f!.
fla$ri', tigrqi 1i er r]F
a"j< -ri+E <4rFE .ir"li E?
<1"< G"Ui Jr-i*E <51T{:.fti::r<
,rr,Ai ratr ffi q.lll
fl'r(sd r{ fuyaGri <-qeId" e.
8 € (. !.r4, cqff ryrati
lEy6 a<! fia aElrl !tr.cl-
SIEZ-'"1.{t'ITntff. i'j'iEr
n'i(i: d3 Ttzal+ {,-q<rg
f-re-rq< t<4tls : E'u.t6l
a 1 n ryrqft Ggasi r T{rrt.l, n1=in
6E rrlri T{aqi a!.I :lLq <rl € }l si E"]?
qi*E <'lisE fLnT? T{E rr'i {n E"R s1}E
88
F,rTrr,n{"fi
!a 3' ?3 g. ga ct
>]r1sl saiq f<i !]r (ti 1?r: fto); f{E cl c{Tn€ :i'{arlfi ftg.q< .{{m
€ 'e="t"flrEli {f ir. a'ilq f"ieiritrri{{ qrlisR {aal R{F {(. Tr{i
q6.llIg {1<qo <e -1a? qFRl lqqr'fiiv+o= TIE< a?lrF aqr{&
Mrrhemarics lgEls r€<-s i;r<ll ciqfi Tr<?"n q(<Er.F G? rE
rlr,rrr' T4ro Fi@F T<,le ',fi<r.{rE', ?6{i. . ?ilrr(<la {< qa1
:l,t!;Il Tq:t:,1, q"6fi qtn (<ltn {F) € <lsJir':rF (<,, -rfu {lil q{<
qra ,r:lr er{ qrltl. lFljl- qrd ,s14. Eri{< qci o'?rs <l qf-ft-s ,!<1
aq o1d aaq, q{. <qq -'nfi {rrir ( rst$? 6trl-r.ll <P3 "l(i fir,rlE
f.? onli@ ,lTts rdtqldi FGi q?]i m-E ei T.r]ll< 6dt ,rmrr{tql,
lri{ '3 a1'n3nral lq <l-ri qafi -n l.'r<fuco ,!1ti.s Eq ra-:rcq
fl?m,uftllqii l:ie'<! qfi$F $1-T{ fii: oit +r. rur:ercr<
fiq< e"rr "rf,ril< .fllEr-rn EEi &-InE dm .!i fiqrg TI<q ":r<6 AT
'rfq.erc<r cT,X sr<"[ arr++ qt']? nra Fn:*Ep"; fu€ Ct{Eq r4,tcT
"t<3[.J e ({ren :]orqcE Ti Ermrr rTg-{rio E1T€ q€q< qt't 1iE ,!T,r
iJor< +z< orF r
Fiam'tii{Ftr< iT <g ,r1<a"lIi :t{i si }trf li(ii Erd1mrn , ())
:ri",!*Tn --9 s eTi- ft.ftr. iil 'cl rora.: qE irz,ir< {+ff 5fffi $qiq
li-tq$ qTaq fu at , (s) ,,r a?Fin€ >.-{o-c.l< E..n caFc liffi e]Tfi< crq
{i!.<l< {qq qc< & -ffi qrlr e(< (rFat r|,! 1- nt'. (8) 'mtnc ftm
qriii< qTB T{'t, d 1q.. "Jn: qt"i:t 4rj s}it <.B,1<j i+i<l c'I4s
n14 EI< rc4 TEr fu { q{< ii{c: i$tct< r:}?l iITt 'IqIFJ Ff,(s
(DA sl,Tai. a{<q tT]E (T<ql r{rc "l11rn,
..!{< q:l (E1ro l;w{ c4qT
':lF {il. qTllq reTi:r<E;El EhR<.ta-al. <,frs,F<.8 c -r4< qT{<"i
!c-i--2r- ,a r,fl: ,Fq f+.. (!"Ja<n ! ra=+. .a{Fa
qxTfln Farc q<re flrmtfiqq+ ,{-Ei'-t EE e -a ?11
"q
qliCI<
T,,.'"-(Ei E'.Efi 'Cstir.t (.ga <l ,nrn -l<F 'i.r.?F w{ [iE- rr{arFE.
qr< fiffi :sErnT: rag.r' <1 F!! ffi ir{9 fugF qt3] 6<EE rtdzFE
(f-lr Il"]{€ (Prrlr)njc solids) dl]F aii6e,!i-n l:l rrdlsE (rI3
It=eem "tT-]lflfi't E'F Ft< flEq ?In sr< [TE" !rr). {E .15ff qrE
'q-n id qrE fqih'iq sift$ri :rc<Erqa r carm qrp rn,Ti--q
(alube). II-5!,ii4 rTerrrhctjonl € TC qroi tO.rxhe.ljon) ilaln:E
6sli1 (Ss t 8oo) . 'snlirt< Affis 1q !:tn r.]ac (3s 1s sso)
s'tqI(,TRlITn (3i: 1: Cr,ol l'f il< tc q1tr qrT.3s1:i aoo mo<
+rpnrE ctq "fr€iE i tra{ (tpn nr3 alzT {rli 1r(-s E:13 qTfi €Jr&<
8C
cra {a4<{ Gqmn {c{ {ft.,ne ET.fi{ ,s
'FIq Ep c3dt sl qT.rcr
Fwmn r<r--r tfuTci i atrq< {rlas fuiq 'q<;trsrn' nlq{ qa
6frtll q-ffiT  n q{ft< <i,flcn< qN iio uorufr:tl' €t'|g
"iftr.t
<<r? rl.ne irran $i c*a 1r:.5 ? tF rFa lb aa]d ;3
Fffirolf 'carcfi' alrn 1ffi etrg "]I9 EQ qr'a a$]r€ asrac
flFrr€fl$ q3'r6il Tal in
-i $. !Lal.t:'< cF 6roa "c:e
rft 6$-:?i 64ca fiyl a4T
qrr*i <iqn Tcfi ffiemi q{?ri rrst? f!-d lqr€l '!rrn fi-i:ril
'-tdt< rcq 6r<q-:Kq al$rl fts ftq 9rf,r Eq rtrlqJ] +rrcca ir<ffi
(-"1< qAh '!sE qtc rB ,!.]r'st< Trcl o"r-l€ ffi gfun:rrc;+fl
ar{?o1r< 55 rrd-6e1 r<1 qr,fl<q crfirilc[< I1nE]4 d{n.l-6sr<
fu3o or< l:iftw *1'< 6{f,En (l qqm (acit 6st 6trr. Eltr{n,
rq.r -qnn t.{<< clz €ltr f+ I -tl r{F s{< li{cr .iT< ftstfi- lTs j< <.h j
a fiI]I <<., {? frgT € {rA< 'q+ uiii=. sqr elftf.i,< errr< qt<lr-et
'f{a6jr< aG EEE o{l -rrF ffi <rErzr. c< roB craq {- rm. -r<l Elr-
qe-.itr6< Ft,+T qtE 6{l {1lF ffi {r<ri?r rFca qrffirfu< e'rffifi 4er
<+cqa at. ffi qqco :rpa, :r*r< r*q <q cr:6 e liom rlG< ercr,-oa.
or Uel q*ffii <" qr< srlili+ q:iq lqfu qrqlF;n Ffl< !T l r'
{{tra Tlq qfl (1]ro
"t]r< crt{{.a {.,1 (s-zrii. -r5ilae) c67_ii ({tF El
ii rqoi r<tF f!ir< <ooa qfu 1?Ft, ra'or (s<qri F6n) [3ifii qi
Brizql mq4 oc<Ereoi 4Irq liF ft{.fi1fir <- qrt{ g<qft q+mlrqi
rfu.] <e3 Trr{. t1 froffd a ftDrrifF< e!--i cl{Gr< q:t'i Et rie
lEfr?s< < "rr qmE 4zr .Tr4fizqa
rqi cqrorwcq< .trE qrF.i+r-€n< E6 ql qrdlii Er4 tt{ar5 <q q
lrcq carlr te]l o u:n nrie q5f{i <ai {an.< ffi <n-ren ,
'.ifi! Frrr< afu q{l1l't E nr{r< Eii, u]] lI, Eiirim !<i sT{ &-e
{<ql q{r= {f,< q4{or crtqr {t:rrifl ,T{r kfu 1&-1 c]-
flT<H rrR <Br € iTlffri< "rErt{
{-.tE <<. Tifu e lfuirE<
{(q {.,48 l.lrijlfi< ,rm{ta aflc qa< i-flIir {T-<q. .,r,it{< &.ea
6* gfGi fiirsi/_q< Fnq{ ffin- Fi,,T- "tal<.
qt< i,tF-< Bfii.3
615l- qtFa{
cSriF fti{] t(E <E Tii{cFr :n?r; Fnfifu- eF ,.i,Fr< .i"i; &- Er<
sotrsirr r+qtr a{lr f- 'qiftrfu< s.ta .r< cl?. F t rn qtrtr< rrqi
fica< oI- nl '.t"l{t*tf{.'fi:t ft1ij,! iler< ti-ln 4-;r- ("r'trq +{(.n
c:], s6"[rs< >l(-cTc nfu qfiT{ sI<t q]rftlbs q,Gstr elTlq +Tae <<
qnliftF q4rn ffi ar<q cqt< € TBUI (sdlq {{{ (<rU € Ts) <r<a]<
qfi< (rs<e, Ti afitftE hrII< E'i< flk+ cGrR fi.m&IT.i rIIq, l-
11, a[i {f,i nlja eg (F4 Tq]q fia-{ Gl-mTns liFE ffi.t$ >l{ft{e
{<aE fiEq ,:Dtt TI-T(Q qlEft< .lrffr 13i flF (r4'{F.1s{lql <'fcTq
-r6n o<rE q<r ar6 rFrrq < fi6(<-n lieq IIn qErEn 1iFl} qli qiff
iiicq< <Iq< ?q{J q6{ .i<rEs (DB 6cr(q; fu€ rI t{q-4qfi lE,T{ czl si
ffi< (Tt"iti s:rn sa {E il, qia'rEr qFr Eq .Il; lt-e ,!t{< aid (IAe
qlPio r:rF, sliq (< +Iq qri-6 er914 ,lrflfuT sfu'fi s P qf<I-
{a<rs
tBBv (S$-T{ eoo), 3f*-T< eoo crer r]!r+ft ,Frlrr ,!Ir
q6qd ,lGrqas.< qfu[< E,t, i]rs fiarr'qt? f.rn< l<run qdfE-q dqis
Tc:(6: ?radT dF T-rr '.4 f,nn"ri-- 554fl !<. . r 1VF3 3i l l! r' I ' .
ar dFFEE Ti {qii <"*r{is sfllqrlq ,!l Er--rftl-< <i l€I-Tnfi n<r
qftE {a-a ,lrrrq qrl 1ffl <{< qtl'J
"iris e Ts+ affi{ 'lGFs' fili
rli6! 6d
ad<a o"F a6-d'r iqr". <rG'Erdi. a, :.1 r.alLl :! f,n" rrr<
ro<l ei!1 ffi fl fi{.{< d]ql ffii n]E-qrrla ffi srrloGirfgni
]ns€I{ 3;r< qr6< {r-iln &aar q<-!* si Htr k6rn 9,lIE< Ii<ri-
rs:irfuii'q :;Ig]]]JI ffi +r .' fi Er-r sJFl+qrf..{;r'r.{r eJiitl r{<F
sTr.r+qteir< e6gi{ €t{F fldl,rfi e<1 li.li;r Asft ffi<<I-]< ef,'&t'sl
isB ffi< cnce< -r [1r-, lBff6f+ {ie< qir1.B
'fiarcqmi .!6En
T{l ar ('tcE€. fufi Gt -r(,E t$( Tqfft< E<ii6tn i{qr .qi1ifuF sin-a-lE
nial Tli cqeFit nlfrlq GnEmr< clfu.-iIE(-4n. qnl.lerd', qR-lt4 {ro
nir,t'f!- 6G,fiFi .q<( irn ft, liaq< qlftIE ftE afusns rq,J nf,<r..4.-
fio rraqt d s< rFra q,o6cr4lifiei .?Bri ra3illn -zs!r ?Iq ']1s
tla-i ,.+i1 iq.,se cn.FlTF,"- qfiffir I,n? f5- €i sI{.ql i,ri aa,r]<
,!:]a qct{lsq qE4n {{jF]
6i,< ui B6t in.6J,f - Ts+ a'r< rze e]af.t'j qrrEd {i aqr pt"Nnl
qscstrri Ei Erw< ilr l(3 q4&- qr3fts qifif- Fqrt< TJ<45 {rl
rrrrtP iEfrrq< rqF{ e{4q 6s$arrl ll-.oc qrer t,r< ef-fuE Jr<
r$Fe (aF€ r}?fu aft -.r5fl5 qfl E1l, -i{r4 -{ {s+$r4l 4:rErlqll
@o raa liz;r i?.'- sr-rfnfu 'Jzn
qa c{Cg 1ai -F l 'r-e-ar< E?{'t:i
ilq. .iFi? f.:sfta a{t<rrr-fr € ?Tln qi.ni&Aa tiirFifu e"r;.I
+I<{En qcr4l iirE fiar'rr (Fr! a{.r B"]lqft, ,.i€ 'JlFft <IeIrTr ite! c
rr"na i-,!'fu6e< Erftft ar-o4ii{
E0F6ri e6riTnr' i {{-{qeu4T asin qcn rqIl'k ifuIfi s,{,Te
ai pl
1rE
qi : 3A{ ,tco cairo Eoo {]zEi:raq sl4iir{ .t1i.,r.r-6< {rrE
Td J.{T slTm f,4?' L!o1e {1--Gri{ ,!tI{ 1Ts <i?Ft "neT 1ifiEq
qrzETq1fulll a1f+ (<.{rn q'Etzq]n t-I{i "i3 rl lZ<fi <irrr= rnr
-,it{E T<I4 1zg nri -.< 6.r]IT.tFt q'Kii s]Iiln -fl {arF<i -.9]i {.<l
i-1rit a{1i <riEE 'rillr.l .,fiTl Et€{ q< itrrFr i-ciq-trq ))to
:t-.ur. :rt-,ar"- ,  n. I j< rr-.r.-.a l.r .J-ra. tiri-a q.zi
q<fi rp,fo --,ffi* erm {< q,atq srnn .i<t3 ..{l<e
irllia"nt qtFn
q{<]n qfi etr qi !-r]:{ {Jis Eit )sEt jli]I' |-efui 6,.,1a qa*a4
TIE r1"l-', lsari II$ 4lfii qqn qt l&"J E rft.;ft qm tsq
'qf.mtl fq< f+< 6s dror i,- ?Efralri qfi i''I<fu €i{<tE Il )a1.
-ft6trqr s",1iq rlgFnr< rr-.ti q{ <qa{i <lq6 .}rq })iai qre 1r-i {,,
T,i1fi€ Eil; oi qtTor.]i- hri/ l$l (1 efi i,,riq qaftE<
'R cqf+
)-'o mq 'Ffu ?i&rE< rnriift< <?r--r< cq.F +Ef,- {GrIE. -T< {r,
tillri! u$4q {il{r plsl , { a6ln€ <-cri =-.e ct< c.Frr El a',
iEfflgm qadF r;Ir 'F5llu< Effr:l' {f{ ofirEe -A r.ri Fitd .sA g{
{Eql r!rf(1. qnnft n+t rl:=orr<rq,< <e-q+rri€ rrir.F {w ,!ij EE ofl
ls ]rvrit< q]-fl:rf,q< itre 6a iBB-s, i;r< 641F i!rr< qtft+r e rjicg<
r..,i.rx=Idi,f,,Tr".r= c-,i--,a 6'T11- =i:f! F= - ...re -.
ffi fi oumi iths -'n, q livr ft-c .{l
qticTiq .!< lfi{ir idri5 <{(s qt:r<t fiiTn l,J "i-io sra tgfi
sln qt<]< El8id €t(I flr< qc:r {r. Frei6< ql{n tii ,,rr+
fffir<l c'iT(q{ 3"F .",-fi-
1E .r tiqrv< Finl] snr- Eqa. qe.rj
ailn flffiui1ii{n T(,tA {.,tr qlorEfl "]{ii] i iia<rr {.a q]i.o
("ra iiaqn. 81tr t,tFro,{iEl s{5.{ll q,?rerl{+ 1+9 iT arl e$ti Ta,ri
lfi'i] T- {s cj rira 'll<nq' er fr.f.r: fis'trqrl srFrl f'tmaE ct $S
1i EIEr[ft+ e8o irr.]. r]1n- q*ifi-+ s.rs (,,isl,,r.r 6fi- fu+a. r!
illr qfl.+l {ia€i< c<v < 4 1i {l"i<ri aDA flF jI[< nrll ivEst .
(Eudoxusl ,!< nln firrTe]r< 6aE?,t{lelt
t{6lQFq , I:mirtrdq iiBTi lqe orq E€. qfu.* 6,.64ir<+
cex mikn (c),.e,r.) .,rar. 6{qEq rrin qfin Ifi 4i.JE {.r.o1iE
, Cffi ftr.< :a .
"-1F2'6.i1,
, -rF 1< . ... ., -- ',-13' 1-1
r4 fra1 ['[Ei. adnc a+ri$ (.tr,z+< {.9 {?iin lfrfi ]€.r,..-.
ji'Tr-rs adftnn
lsrrdlon) fu+ 1-IJT{tre- {-fa- F.l llsir< {rftr: fu6 [i.i n1<k qil qF]rio
8t/
c*furrrr EEq{ E{. qC< qFT lll{, L!$ eITtR dliTr <itlTn qt(4< err
Flrlirfi flrq c< (..,2r fi{< 6{c{ dit+i qtri ,irglI{ ft.1 ilqR {ie
)b)o c]I4 {ts3r6< .q-.rr-ri (rrryftrrrl ]fiii< ct:r-d fi.f{ F(<Ef,fi vsqE
ffiirit< I .1< (qr-s ftI]< q{F "lja?R "ifrfi fl€lr {E t8iroc {]tE
qE(] fi"lrs ,r"i, $$"lli qrgrt(-n <{< qt'E qti gc6-d foi rfffiq
E"= oc< .hF,mFiror, {rr?r "rfti lc" qtel< djtT <l ta {qT< {i{ |
arrr lri ccl qefia ac,ts s"A ffi f-{r< q{ r",2. qi li<{.t qi ,
$6 Ti yAn .rErft- "fft Tfied etGa E sr1E{€ fu'{rn efre
cri fmijq <q Hir< ,ilri, {B s1t6E 'tfl-s ara rs.r,oot ot
l .1. . Jri. ./ rfE+ F-in' . . Br 'TTla .s ..!@ ..^IU jTTlITr()T<
q$ T{ ffi]fifi-{ (Emrosrhcncs) fuen qIrEsGrfuT aFE}< qrrrF
a+zT i;ia$ (p) riE; ar<q. f;fi End< x< .ilifTci qrqqflot q€ir ffirn,!.
a.F€ {FEro€ r6m a; qf!+l< c+c" qrrrlF ! qn{<.i lt<l q<.fi
ia- qrm-sTa<
",ftfi 6a rcr& ,!l t{rdrflFql .JflAi qffq fa4n ar{
ta,ooo nliE c,ffr.qaEn si 1iI]I< eE -to6fl 5rrir6<€ Fr q{.U Cc
T(r 9n ("lr$ r+fr 91 er:e va q, c{'1 qq$n iEt<{fi+< r{g'l l?il'<
tr< rsTE 36E Eii fiqra dri ffi a{.i TgITr <p-r{ I1ffi i-i (sol)
1.r< =<r{=< .t. r r.. .qr6 #* fa.* rr?. <FF. cF. FTa
"Iaqi. {i c.ra cqrl iiL.l tsril v,<< fir;r.ns< Fr+ffi z- "nr$ {i 1ft<.,r'd
T{iiao <lqEl '@rfu .!<i i(I<rGr= 565116. 11li'
qs) Tfl q{ lt e< qrr
, fu-t1r? ffi- rr1. .)).J r9tria./. T- *er "r+ 4 r1r.:;6-
En qftrl I <l({m q'ez4trs nli T,,[FC{ {€{s]& e ?r:iBFit v.(1fqafi
€"i Ti .,lt-fl ft9.5 rfi<"x <t kS{Cnrn qFfr 1tq 1e. clsl {fl alr
hiF{s q< Bsa re qfuq oE rirv rc+t fual E< qnsi lE qf*E
6{ai. melEl a{< TE 3<, -r< q1fu"k6 {+3s1 fwr er Solsricc or
llrfic ofCapricorn) ql< ffi {ffi (Sur ner Sotsrice or tiopjc of
54r,A'{r/ Coan-a - 54 t- . 4 tta "n,<a C<.a n .,.'= ,11 ,eJfa;r 5.f,C e
c.IiEei. d+t @fuao ftn<< nft{i (stene) n'[< Eii r+m { #+
!i!rK e{< qrl TF rtig-et1< ,lq T]f< c+rae Erir "irg
-il ffi Frc
ftirrarr 0 ?Fr< acirr-+i Irfi lisi EFI Fri cqtdn cr eF E4t< fu<
a;;;;.,fej@=;rn
su$r,ci Solsri.e=-6 r:crii
inl.r SolJl..=nfr i!G6
Lq u rr(rfa{< .<.r.=fi.'r<-
't'.i5.]lIn.i lf,i,a1r 8 8b
,**=1i** --'*"
.{sr tt'ne sl14l
I
I
I
I
t
t
t
t... ,lo,a
q-d I re ,4
_ou

,nF .etT {Gi< 1i{q na4 efft <r for< =r]IJ].
q< 1fi- ifi Afi
F3Tlr4i a{li€ E]lI]*]'g r'ii { , ftiF fii TlaE'+s- e1r3166fu-x:r TisLa
.a-.r Czf.a" zfr< a.f..6 T1. E! cL{ IIn 'a-. .--.,a$r <tr<Ie- r_C{n
srri:+rrqtfu-lr.i fr< Efqq a<r qiFoqitariil rrft< Etr€ fic io<-oifu(q
't(9 q< C?lrs ffi 1i6lts r<rer, itsa.< E"fl-?Ffi. ql-d6rfurrr Ern
<'Ift, 1tift< ccg o'F T,ir lat affi< nfrz sal l:foan q<EE
liris ffi qt<.r 6Frsn qraiF-srfuT ,,Jar tl*rl-B !<q o.ooo dE{i
o "fEa.I Tiq ..1 ., a+ .h c*f,<: 'Ea.< -. ..?- b! n,. 6r,
t'rerar BE<-E1+(fi 1ffir tr"i{ -{a{d ql a4a9< "j'nr-'eq
q!il< ,iD-l
{Gir< {rt{ (i 6(q itcri (i't). smrqfulr t=-r. icqr{r -$]ft (il q)
q1q-rcT.fuT3 <fr 1vt or. ?riir Tin (ql q) c si,:?Ft
fi1fl :tlrp , Flf,.erql E i- sdts
".
ccq< (aI- .fu! Tfctl& d,rG q',-r'.
qr Ti Tqr< q<f.iE ax.r:I -l< <Ftr'5r.fl iatsi, l{]s iia-:r,{n .;lffi >l(q
mrs< srr+r JiT!:li <f q< E1It-elrsn fus. Fm sl q 4t fu9r63 Fl
rstrl? s crif! (ot.t (i 9 qi) 'R-n< T{ta 4 r+lqfr ara'l r.1l ('5
rf"_rs.aa" 7'r,- 1,.?.4a -1'< .<r5: !" ..rs,7zrt"fa
3'aru aqcun itcrl c+m .q'n66fuTF EJqs t'r.iia dijlr .?rri -tl,l<
qT st'l q.o,!<. {Aa< Ee< EI+Ifi "fi1ir
.ly--rt {]iGR lqe]neq <t
tc,ooo !]?d 16co arft c ii st (tr). BrtEl< ril qfii.m 4fiE T1<
a'-rJta {rrE I
imt'tiqzs< gFllfa <mr +r< (']IF. ii]zn3 n1s a?tr+ q1--an qt:q-<l qt<
ro q? eir< +a hce-a a+< jrr< .!qqn {aEn .lr"flrqfr{tr (Arolonius)
-i3 4{s.n n'rnA qftililb rA,cher)redcs)
qf irqFTlq '
q("l]7"qlf{fl{ iBbl.6j Elcnr.fr( {F{]l qE ??3,.{ aEi
n(< (141 -]{aT Entsiq F,JI{ nr< ofurc fiam .?lT lir.tr ijq 6Fr
r":i qrr ei1 <Qo ffi l;r qtrrFfl,lw]3 G .!1E ?iks FtH firEn.
ri T.aI ffi q<l]la rl,iErqn r.n elr ?Wi.-sr Fi-E q{qrq a13 ffi
?fun Gr.r.F' Tfi6 flotrq {.. 1og qrnt &a. rl fl}r {.qrtt.z< lvqrtr<
e3:t-t +<o< F-rq GTa,J :In iil<q !i ffi nr< nfurE -rjnl. i-r qri
e'.,,fir{ tiU1:rfs(- aBfur6. c.r
.,tf<qq ftq.r qF q[E. FFrn rT4-rn ii]r,:r
, ,"-=r-!q-Cr< .r- m : , ,E? .D-2 ,.f,' $tt <r.a.- Er< a L^ L3-tu
'fii eao ntr< ftcs) fl{rrl4{ln iFkF q6qd
"f4fu+ n ft::: erdr
or<fiaqa. ,=r< rru{ er.-rq-i{trr eg"ft- i'fi+ Uqor; liTrF n:n eqla
!r- ;?i, li{ fl i;Tr qi . f- .r1<A s?rT.i -rorir zmq ,E 6{ ffi
r1?€ >r'.1.1 <6- <6. ,ez< :s.rc 3-tsnq Tflf"r 'rfq-1rcfiq aE6]iu<
a3fuiE (lo ordin e Ccorlrcrt . 'qT Grlifuk +si,li4ai-r {R]1{ str+
a7.:!-1ill1qtzr3 (EBr qa;r+
'RE tci "tgcp. E{ rr"uzi"fi{rl "]l]trar4l.
-
- aa..-<-ne< ,, ,r"!, :i6- ;qgfufn __:racr ,1q.,: {q?li
rlrrln. T{r crll.< i"r-.<i rcFttii fill q3irno- <r[s .r<"
"JrF 6E Er<,,
rtsiiT lrn' ?. (Sotrd figur.) !r<i ETI (E[+ (q"J]rr- {rE
qftfi&{ : -!4n qr'na e:B;]Tlrn<. c:]lfu o'I<l atra )r(s- TiFtI4<
Crt ,rliqt63 +?]] {{< yl(]ntr1<< irFrfi az1 fir]ffi -']1! r.E "Rn
r -ln,e qtp 316 T{ Tt-l-: -r"@ Tlip l;?[T laraoi ,!F !rl]F a1E Ttii
q,F {Cj; .elTr4 $6ni ri,r fta otriiftfufi< o{ l{ rir< fq.ete
rrsi 6fi-i<ri c .snfiin- Ea.r{ ffi qi<rii;aox qar+ir Em:r
(lrie,o)-< qliil-lr ,kfi ,n4rrSrn offiii-q 1iTn I']II qr++glfum
n-'qit'i IC{ iitTt-rs 6a{a C!"nri il-ii:i ittss q6-i-.a qlrn"]nl
.;<re{ i"riFl (-lr q[] qf5fu qi<ifttaT fi(n {r, 5.fi-i]] Err-et< nrr?l
rfto. "j.,ndfrry .!Ti ri-!- ,fe:tx EFstsr< qse nFqgt< ,i4 6{Frn
TEFiF rT$ iT< "ia<
q tTa.fl {aaai {t{j ,1trc,?Errn< Cr.3 -n*<
,o]n€
BEnt Tl,Jr oglfu trfi rl€L-l -riofrlF qtqoRra Frii, -l< q-.i 6Tfi1fu
c)
LI' ft- l
r--fr nil-r+ ftlF l+{,i) 4r4rr-ri {:'l.-
r!r?.i?s .F rnlr f?r ..r-1 E-6ir T<t' ,1
qn ?i (iLLU..) 6r!- 1i -n -i
{4{iii'Jl-) rarq? ?1 <E ldrn r!
n-r-irF( iedn l{ !ll. -r! T. ='.rq
r.lffi4 -3 lchF (n") (i nE _r7F9
d: Jl.E +!. ,!r rrF i!1 s .-r€'$
tqil€ q- l
.flrsftT qsi (EnqrlrR iEE4
,Eq !'{(r, !fi 'l €! 4n s 6'l_ci
rE! -.r 6.r {i rq6 l1< q€rrji
s{e (Eh n 1clei4 (Elllt$) i
.iir4frc. qrs ,!?! (grPlcr.<
'nEE
.qF
d.F. rF i (!q <G- r$lr5ft- q<li 'r'
fur.o rF 6.n, -c Tdl trra 6'q t"'ri
n r q! .ErEr +n sTE"m3e ret
(Hyrrdbola), E@ q"rJ [dl qf"_e"]"r1Ei
{.6r
.nq ,
I r<la€ .Ec
@"r.ft? sn! d?l .E<!i,5ri< fiEE rE!
rlrE. rfi Jr? .!-q (<!) .i (Eii { <r! E1<
fi.$ airi'i!qn @q {Pa'!boln) |
I sfr"iiqE rsq
cl
d€]Trri TI{ q{i$ 1,'q--1?qr{ qI{E alr E-dii< {afio et r IE<i.
qtrfifu if.lqlBm ft q{qtr cflI]I&Iir, q< th sratT c<r"t l']Irrfuqd.
E]i 94{ <'irE !;I(rF ,Irr€ri +i!rt 'lFM?{ic TirtE€ qgli+ tir {
ffi+ ftIll< qr6fqlu{ ERq firc,ft Eq fte];] (r.rydrosratics) ,ns
yr4aEl; ffi r-e,Ts (LcveD,qi fr'{.! qli$R TLTi. "llfr 4l-t TI< E'l.n
aer{t< {d qi( ql<€ q(T+ €jp;< {t<qf?-s {i-ad!! qrftfi< +Lqn T-lite
q]Iq, Llory{ Iri<lfoBlq<
"Mr
ft.Cr furc{l (Hied < s$?tiT f?q
ERftffi (lts E]-{1{ {a{ f't.{Eq ffi vffifu5p aq ,!nil lifu firc
sr{(Ti( Trs{ I q6ftfuc q*li{.r (Ffr Ts fi:flq er { I 1i 1t c"n+ e+it
Est 4FEi Ta{j Fr{ c:nm q-c,i< vot c+or+ rq]"iT u"in iFri. i.dtsr< iiCE<
1rr 4Io T13 'flfu T.ll qfu(T a<r1 qTd Er,=d ftc{ g'i $m r+< E'ri
11 1in tfi ({< ari a!3]3 <t<A 4rF]1:I firfi qffifur ffi {€
qlrls<I.ii ql,] Es-{g il.ycr). Es-5@ (Cor-wheel) ,!n( Tltss (purley)-<
aF"fi er<6d +LTr I ffi ct{< Eqm u(qj B€adt Etgl (atr$ ,!ait sl.lq
"l1foE nfiIBrfuT{ emi qnq, ffi Fa-rr.<rra <r4fuq{. qarr$ 1AAli
<rt-< riM<t< €$f 1lr Elc. q]3 fir ,!tii ste (qe) ns. ET{aE qtli
la,ilas Ta'IrE qirE nrr< ,itwr+ ABrii T(aa[d : (T?r Ea{ fia-Ti;<i
ftTllrll? Ecq qffiT(o T{6nd. 51'Et, sl'aI4 TE r< fir< c+n.: gs
',ql T€ aEirr (q{t'. fiil ' e-3! qf+1iG.{ ftr:n<n qc-{a{ rf+E
co"rFt ftn ql€.{s{]st q,Ffili qEM fi1im {4I.I{. .{tEI, ,!? EiEt631{l
asl {q a4rs <1 rji${ ("Ird qIl a{a1tq @rE qre {q clrrE qa c{s.
qt< <p f4s Eqf, q1I ,! q]{5 {F-< Bfi ffi 5]qt< r, tra-TGr< {gal
"rl r* q r qffifriq q*q< fi{ Gra:Is,eFl $i.Fq (compound pul
.. "'13 .rrn Il? <r= <!".ae< * cR ;*.,,6-'t-. -IE Frt
opmqfic ?tr< itr< fia,th Erre EF o{4, {an ?F. r.rn Ei TA a r{6<
Efi ftil{i E{I,
qliliEc F-nrd ,. ir6i ,r"tdtat <r{a]tr G.El,| cltrrux (etsi
fF,qrrg <l furt) Us]{n TLTa fu1i at{rfduri rEe-:rz4< Fer< Gsn
lqa{ <lli $ia"ti l?s BEF; rl_Td. qi c,;,slmili ,tin a{E]l dti€ll41
..(.-<+: -i- F- .lrTJi 1'.- t*? .n<< < a-{?- <FC{. . :Id rq: r e.-r-.
ag. qr<r< dicl (ns'it€ (!- qtt{lf+iq TiIT< ,r€{TL-Et $trE a{ti,g
-lF , T{s qqlEl ql ffil "I{T vft .,,Tet <t glgl rtll {et1l €i{q .T.a
A{i # cilrnq< En. q5e qt.iliE rFr. {<- .ff6ftfitr{< Airr<
[.rTs[,] cnErr<t L!-{< fiffi qrfdftfu{ ,!ir{i ilen Frcr h{< srsi fl6cr
Ga<. qi'64-:I {EE aa{ aqll]n n-<-
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math
Math

More Related Content

What's hot

ঈমানী দুর্বলতা – মুহাম্মদ সালেহ আল মুনজিদ
ঈমানী দুর্বলতা – মুহাম্মদ সালেহ আল মুনজিদঈমানী দুর্বলতা – মুহাম্মদ সালেহ আল মুনজিদ
ঈমানী দুর্বলতা – মুহাম্মদ সালেহ আল মুনজিদrasikulindia
 
Peoples health and government health policy
Peoples health and government health policyPeoples health and government health policy
Peoples health and government health policyPrabir Chatterjee
 
Environmental gazette 2010
Environmental gazette 2010Environmental gazette 2010
Environmental gazette 2010Ali Azam khan
 
প্রি-প্রাইমারি সহকারি শিক্ষক (মুক্তিযোদ্ধা কোটায়) নিয়োগ বিজ্ঞপ্তি
প্রি-প্রাইমারি সহকারি শিক্ষক (মুক্তিযোদ্ধা কোটায়) নিয়োগ বিজ্ঞপ্তিপ্রি-প্রাইমারি সহকারি শিক্ষক (মুক্তিযোদ্ধা কোটায়) নিয়োগ বিজ্ঞপ্তি
প্রি-প্রাইমারি সহকারি শিক্ষক (মুক্তিযোদ্ধা কোটায়) নিয়োগ বিজ্ঞপ্তিMd Islam
 
Dgfp Job Circular in Bangladesh
Dgfp Job Circular in BangladeshDgfp Job Circular in Bangladesh
Dgfp Job Circular in BangladeshJasimUddin140
 
৩৪তম বিসিএসের আসন বিন্যাস
৩৪তম বিসিএসের আসন বিন্যাস ৩৪তম বিসিএসের আসন বিন্যাস
৩৪তম বিসিএসের আসন বিন্যাস Polash Datta
 
Madhyo juger shrestho kobita [www.onlinebcs.com]
Madhyo juger shrestho kobita  [www.onlinebcs.com]Madhyo juger shrestho kobita  [www.onlinebcs.com]
Madhyo juger shrestho kobita [www.onlinebcs.com]Itmona
 
تاريخ الكنيسه الغائب القس جادالله نجيب
تاريخ الكنيسه الغائب   القس جادالله نجيبتاريخ الكنيسه الغائب   القس جادالله نجيب
تاريخ الكنيسه الغائب القس جادالله نجيبIbrahimia Church Ftriends
 
Recruitment notification of Bangladesh civil service cadre 39th Batch
Recruitment notification of Bangladesh civil service cadre 39th BatchRecruitment notification of Bangladesh civil service cadre 39th Batch
Recruitment notification of Bangladesh civil service cadre 39th BatchDigital STUDY Center
 
THE ROLE OF THE LABORATORY DOCTOR- ARTICLE IN HEALTH MAGAZINE AAJKAL SUSHTA
THE ROLE OF THE LABORATORY DOCTOR- ARTICLE IN HEALTH MAGAZINE AAJKAL SUSHTATHE ROLE OF THE LABORATORY DOCTOR- ARTICLE IN HEALTH MAGAZINE AAJKAL SUSHTA
THE ROLE OF THE LABORATORY DOCTOR- ARTICLE IN HEALTH MAGAZINE AAJKAL SUSHTAMoushumi Lodh, MD
 
Forest guard recruitment in Rajsthan
Forest guard recruitment in RajsthanForest guard recruitment in Rajsthan
Forest guard recruitment in RajsthanSudha Sati
 
Ee made by mrp
Ee made by mrpEe made by mrp
Ee made by mrpjibonghosh
 

What's hot (16)

apt hope 1982
apt hope 1982apt hope 1982
apt hope 1982
 
ঈমানী দুর্বলতা – মুহাম্মদ সালেহ আল মুনজিদ
ঈমানী দুর্বলতা – মুহাম্মদ সালেহ আল মুনজিদঈমানী দুর্বলতা – মুহাম্মদ সালেহ আল মুনজিদ
ঈমানী দুর্বলতা – মুহাম্মদ সালেহ আল মুনজিদ
 
Peoples health and government health policy
Peoples health and government health policyPeoples health and government health policy
Peoples health and government health policy
 
Environmental gazette 2010
Environmental gazette 2010Environmental gazette 2010
Environmental gazette 2010
 
প্রি-প্রাইমারি সহকারি শিক্ষক (মুক্তিযোদ্ধা কোটায়) নিয়োগ বিজ্ঞপ্তি
প্রি-প্রাইমারি সহকারি শিক্ষক (মুক্তিযোদ্ধা কোটায়) নিয়োগ বিজ্ঞপ্তিপ্রি-প্রাইমারি সহকারি শিক্ষক (মুক্তিযোদ্ধা কোটায়) নিয়োগ বিজ্ঞপ্তি
প্রি-প্রাইমারি সহকারি শিক্ষক (মুক্তিযোদ্ধা কোটায়) নিয়োগ বিজ্ঞপ্তি
 
How to perform the Holy Hajj
How to perform the Holy HajjHow to perform the Holy Hajj
How to perform the Holy Hajj
 
Dgfp Job Circular in Bangladesh
Dgfp Job Circular in BangladeshDgfp Job Circular in Bangladesh
Dgfp Job Circular in Bangladesh
 
৩৪তম বিসিএসের আসন বিন্যাস
৩৪তম বিসিএসের আসন বিন্যাস ৩৪তম বিসিএসের আসন বিন্যাস
৩৪তম বিসিএসের আসন বিন্যাস
 
Madhyo juger shrestho kobita [www.onlinebcs.com]
Madhyo juger shrestho kobita  [www.onlinebcs.com]Madhyo juger shrestho kobita  [www.onlinebcs.com]
Madhyo juger shrestho kobita [www.onlinebcs.com]
 
تاريخ الكنيسه الغائب القس جادالله نجيب
تاريخ الكنيسه الغائب   القس جادالله نجيبتاريخ الكنيسه الغائب   القس جادالله نجيب
تاريخ الكنيسه الغائب القس جادالله نجيب
 
Recruitment notification of Bangladesh civil service cadre 39th Batch
Recruitment notification of Bangladesh civil service cadre 39th BatchRecruitment notification of Bangladesh civil service cadre 39th Batch
Recruitment notification of Bangladesh civil service cadre 39th Batch
 
THE ROLE OF THE LABORATORY DOCTOR- ARTICLE IN HEALTH MAGAZINE AAJKAL SUSHTA
THE ROLE OF THE LABORATORY DOCTOR- ARTICLE IN HEALTH MAGAZINE AAJKAL SUSHTATHE ROLE OF THE LABORATORY DOCTOR- ARTICLE IN HEALTH MAGAZINE AAJKAL SUSHTA
THE ROLE OF THE LABORATORY DOCTOR- ARTICLE IN HEALTH MAGAZINE AAJKAL SUSHTA
 
Hleg bengali
Hleg bengaliHleg bengali
Hleg bengali
 
Forest guard recruitment in Rajsthan
Forest guard recruitment in RajsthanForest guard recruitment in Rajsthan
Forest guard recruitment in Rajsthan
 
Ee made by mrp
Ee made by mrpEe made by mrp
Ee made by mrp
 
Hath dhowa hand wash
Hath dhowa  hand washHath dhowa  hand wash
Hath dhowa hand wash
 

More from Itmona

Road transport (brta) motor vehicle inspector examination question paper 2017...
Road transport (brta) motor vehicle inspector examination question paper 2017...Road transport (brta) motor vehicle inspector examination question paper 2017...
Road transport (brta) motor vehicle inspector examination question paper 2017...Itmona
 
Post office job question 2016 [www.onlinebcs.com]
Post office job question 2016 [www.onlinebcs.com]Post office job question 2016 [www.onlinebcs.com]
Post office job question 2016 [www.onlinebcs.com]Itmona
 
41st bcs written question mathematical reasoning
41st bcs written question mathematical reasoning41st bcs written question mathematical reasoning
41st bcs written question mathematical reasoningItmona
 
41st bcs written exam subject mental skills
41st bcs written exam subject mental skills41st bcs written exam subject mental skills
41st bcs written exam subject mental skillsItmona
 
41st bcs written math question 2021
41st bcs written math question 202141st bcs written math question 2021
41st bcs written math question 2021Itmona
 
41st bcs written exam question solution mental skills
41st bcs written exam question solution mental skills41st bcs written exam question solution mental skills
41st bcs written exam question solution mental skillsItmona
 
41st bcs written test mathematical reasoning solution 2021
41st bcs written test mathematical reasoning solution 202141st bcs written test mathematical reasoning solution 2021
41st bcs written test mathematical reasoning solution 2021Itmona
 
41st bcs written bengali question
41st bcs written bengali question41st bcs written bengali question
41st bcs written bengali questionItmona
 
4 december kgdcl question solution 2021
4 december kgdcl question solution  20214 december kgdcl question solution  2021
4 december kgdcl question solution 2021Itmona
 
Bangladesh gas field job question solution 2021
Bangladesh gas field job question solution 2021Bangladesh gas field job question solution 2021
Bangladesh gas field job question solution 2021Itmona
 
Ministry of defense junior teacher of dhaka cantonment 2021
Ministry of defense junior teacher of dhaka cantonment 2021Ministry of defense junior teacher of dhaka cantonment 2021
Ministry of defense junior teacher of dhaka cantonment 2021Itmona
 
Dshe accounting assistant exam questions solution 2013
Dshe accounting assistant exam questions solution 2013Dshe accounting assistant exam questions solution 2013
Dshe accounting assistant exam questions solution 2013Itmona
 
Dshe office assistant exam questions solution 2021
Dshe office assistant exam questions solution 2021Dshe office assistant exam questions solution 2021
Dshe office assistant exam questions solution 2021Itmona
 
Road transport (brta) motor vehicle inspector examination question paper 2017
Road transport (brta) motor vehicle inspector examination question paper 2017Road transport (brta) motor vehicle inspector examination question paper 2017
Road transport (brta) motor vehicle inspector examination question paper 2017Itmona
 
National security intelligence agency (nsi) field officer 2018[www.onlinebcs....
National security intelligence agency (nsi) field officer 2018[www.onlinebcs....National security intelligence agency (nsi) field officer 2018[www.onlinebcs....
National security intelligence agency (nsi) field officer 2018[www.onlinebcs....Itmona
 
Food department's assistant sub food inspector question ‍solution 2021
Food department's assistant sub food inspector  question ‍solution 2021Food department's assistant sub food inspector  question ‍solution 2021
Food department's assistant sub food inspector question ‍solution 2021Itmona
 
Titas gas transmission and distribution company limited assistant manager 2018
Titas gas transmission and distribution company limited assistant manager 2018Titas gas transmission and distribution company limited assistant manager 2018
Titas gas transmission and distribution company limited assistant manager 2018Itmona
 
Assistant manager, gas transmission company limited
Assistant manager, gas transmission company limitedAssistant manager, gas transmission company limited
Assistant manager, gas transmission company limitedItmona
 
Dbbl probationary-officer-software-job-exam-question
Dbbl probationary-officer-software-job-exam-questionDbbl probationary-officer-software-job-exam-question
Dbbl probationary-officer-software-job-exam-questionItmona
 
Education and research institute upazila [www.onlinebcs.com]
Education and research institute upazila [www.onlinebcs.com]Education and research institute upazila [www.onlinebcs.com]
Education and research institute upazila [www.onlinebcs.com]Itmona
 

More from Itmona (20)

Road transport (brta) motor vehicle inspector examination question paper 2017...
Road transport (brta) motor vehicle inspector examination question paper 2017...Road transport (brta) motor vehicle inspector examination question paper 2017...
Road transport (brta) motor vehicle inspector examination question paper 2017...
 
Post office job question 2016 [www.onlinebcs.com]
Post office job question 2016 [www.onlinebcs.com]Post office job question 2016 [www.onlinebcs.com]
Post office job question 2016 [www.onlinebcs.com]
 
41st bcs written question mathematical reasoning
41st bcs written question mathematical reasoning41st bcs written question mathematical reasoning
41st bcs written question mathematical reasoning
 
41st bcs written exam subject mental skills
41st bcs written exam subject mental skills41st bcs written exam subject mental skills
41st bcs written exam subject mental skills
 
41st bcs written math question 2021
41st bcs written math question 202141st bcs written math question 2021
41st bcs written math question 2021
 
41st bcs written exam question solution mental skills
41st bcs written exam question solution mental skills41st bcs written exam question solution mental skills
41st bcs written exam question solution mental skills
 
41st bcs written test mathematical reasoning solution 2021
41st bcs written test mathematical reasoning solution 202141st bcs written test mathematical reasoning solution 2021
41st bcs written test mathematical reasoning solution 2021
 
41st bcs written bengali question
41st bcs written bengali question41st bcs written bengali question
41st bcs written bengali question
 
4 december kgdcl question solution 2021
4 december kgdcl question solution  20214 december kgdcl question solution  2021
4 december kgdcl question solution 2021
 
Bangladesh gas field job question solution 2021
Bangladesh gas field job question solution 2021Bangladesh gas field job question solution 2021
Bangladesh gas field job question solution 2021
 
Ministry of defense junior teacher of dhaka cantonment 2021
Ministry of defense junior teacher of dhaka cantonment 2021Ministry of defense junior teacher of dhaka cantonment 2021
Ministry of defense junior teacher of dhaka cantonment 2021
 
Dshe accounting assistant exam questions solution 2013
Dshe accounting assistant exam questions solution 2013Dshe accounting assistant exam questions solution 2013
Dshe accounting assistant exam questions solution 2013
 
Dshe office assistant exam questions solution 2021
Dshe office assistant exam questions solution 2021Dshe office assistant exam questions solution 2021
Dshe office assistant exam questions solution 2021
 
Road transport (brta) motor vehicle inspector examination question paper 2017
Road transport (brta) motor vehicle inspector examination question paper 2017Road transport (brta) motor vehicle inspector examination question paper 2017
Road transport (brta) motor vehicle inspector examination question paper 2017
 
National security intelligence agency (nsi) field officer 2018[www.onlinebcs....
National security intelligence agency (nsi) field officer 2018[www.onlinebcs....National security intelligence agency (nsi) field officer 2018[www.onlinebcs....
National security intelligence agency (nsi) field officer 2018[www.onlinebcs....
 
Food department's assistant sub food inspector question ‍solution 2021
Food department's assistant sub food inspector  question ‍solution 2021Food department's assistant sub food inspector  question ‍solution 2021
Food department's assistant sub food inspector question ‍solution 2021
 
Titas gas transmission and distribution company limited assistant manager 2018
Titas gas transmission and distribution company limited assistant manager 2018Titas gas transmission and distribution company limited assistant manager 2018
Titas gas transmission and distribution company limited assistant manager 2018
 
Assistant manager, gas transmission company limited
Assistant manager, gas transmission company limitedAssistant manager, gas transmission company limited
Assistant manager, gas transmission company limited
 
Dbbl probationary-officer-software-job-exam-question
Dbbl probationary-officer-software-job-exam-questionDbbl probationary-officer-software-job-exam-question
Dbbl probationary-officer-software-job-exam-question
 
Education and research institute upazila [www.onlinebcs.com]
Education and research institute upazila [www.onlinebcs.com]Education and research institute upazila [www.onlinebcs.com]
Education and research institute upazila [www.onlinebcs.com]
 

Recently uploaded

TUYỂN TẬP 25 ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6 NĂM 2023 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (SƯU...
TUYỂN TẬP 25 ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6 NĂM 2023 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (SƯU...TUYỂN TẬP 25 ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6 NĂM 2023 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (SƯU...
TUYỂN TẬP 25 ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6 NĂM 2023 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (SƯU...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
TUYỂN TẬP 20 ĐỀ THI KHẢO SÁT HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6 NĂM 2020 (CÓ Đ...
TUYỂN TẬP 20 ĐỀ THI KHẢO SÁT HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6 NĂM 2020 (CÓ Đ...TUYỂN TẬP 20 ĐỀ THI KHẢO SÁT HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6 NĂM 2020 (CÓ Đ...
TUYỂN TẬP 20 ĐỀ THI KHẢO SÁT HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6 NĂM 2020 (CÓ Đ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
30 ĐỀ PHÁT TRIỂN THEO CẤU TRÚC ĐỀ MINH HỌA BGD NGÀY 22-3-2024 KỲ THI TỐT NGHI...
30 ĐỀ PHÁT TRIỂN THEO CẤU TRÚC ĐỀ MINH HỌA BGD NGÀY 22-3-2024 KỲ THI TỐT NGHI...30 ĐỀ PHÁT TRIỂN THEO CẤU TRÚC ĐỀ MINH HỌA BGD NGÀY 22-3-2024 KỲ THI TỐT NGHI...
30 ĐỀ PHÁT TRIỂN THEO CẤU TRÚC ĐỀ MINH HỌA BGD NGÀY 22-3-2024 KỲ THI TỐT NGHI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
French Revolution (फ्रेंच राज्यक्रांती)
French Revolution  (फ्रेंच राज्यक्रांती)French Revolution  (फ्रेंच राज्यक्रांती)
French Revolution (फ्रेंच राज्यक्रांती)Shankar Aware
 
أَسَانِيدُ كُتُبِ وَأُصُولِ النَّشْرِ لِابْنِ الْجَزَرِيِّ وَالْوَصْلُ بِهَا....
أَسَانِيدُ كُتُبِ وَأُصُولِ النَّشْرِ لِابْنِ الْجَزَرِيِّ وَالْوَصْلُ بِهَا....أَسَانِيدُ كُتُبِ وَأُصُولِ النَّشْرِ لِابْنِ الْجَزَرِيِّ وَالْوَصْلُ بِهَا....
أَسَانِيدُ كُتُبِ وَأُصُولِ النَّشْرِ لِابْنِ الْجَزَرِيِّ وَالْوَصْلُ بِهَا....سمير بسيوني
 

Recently uploaded (6)

TUYỂN TẬP 25 ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6 NĂM 2023 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (SƯU...
TUYỂN TẬP 25 ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6 NĂM 2023 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (SƯU...TUYỂN TẬP 25 ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6 NĂM 2023 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (SƯU...
TUYỂN TẬP 25 ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6 NĂM 2023 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (SƯU...
 
TUYỂN TẬP 20 ĐỀ THI KHẢO SÁT HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6 NĂM 2020 (CÓ Đ...
TUYỂN TẬP 20 ĐỀ THI KHẢO SÁT HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6 NĂM 2020 (CÓ Đ...TUYỂN TẬP 20 ĐỀ THI KHẢO SÁT HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6 NĂM 2020 (CÓ Đ...
TUYỂN TẬP 20 ĐỀ THI KHẢO SÁT HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6 NĂM 2020 (CÓ Đ...
 
30 ĐỀ PHÁT TRIỂN THEO CẤU TRÚC ĐỀ MINH HỌA BGD NGÀY 22-3-2024 KỲ THI TỐT NGHI...
30 ĐỀ PHÁT TRIỂN THEO CẤU TRÚC ĐỀ MINH HỌA BGD NGÀY 22-3-2024 KỲ THI TỐT NGHI...30 ĐỀ PHÁT TRIỂN THEO CẤU TRÚC ĐỀ MINH HỌA BGD NGÀY 22-3-2024 KỲ THI TỐT NGHI...
30 ĐỀ PHÁT TRIỂN THEO CẤU TRÚC ĐỀ MINH HỌA BGD NGÀY 22-3-2024 KỲ THI TỐT NGHI...
 
French Revolution (फ्रेंच राज्यक्रांती)
French Revolution  (फ्रेंच राज्यक्रांती)French Revolution  (फ्रेंच राज्यक्रांती)
French Revolution (फ्रेंच राज्यक्रांती)
 
LAR MARIA MÃE DE ÁFRICA .
LAR MARIA MÃE DE ÁFRICA                 .LAR MARIA MÃE DE ÁFRICA                 .
LAR MARIA MÃE DE ÁFRICA .
 
أَسَانِيدُ كُتُبِ وَأُصُولِ النَّشْرِ لِابْنِ الْجَزَرِيِّ وَالْوَصْلُ بِهَا....
أَسَانِيدُ كُتُبِ وَأُصُولِ النَّشْرِ لِابْنِ الْجَزَرِيِّ وَالْوَصْلُ بِهَا....أَسَانِيدُ كُتُبِ وَأُصُولِ النَّشْرِ لِابْنِ الْجَزَرِيِّ وَالْوَصْلُ بِهَا....
أَسَانِيدُ كُتُبِ وَأُصُولِ النَّشْرِ لِابْنِ الْجَزَرِيِّ وَالْوَصْلُ بِهَا....
 

Math

  • 1. A llr ,vt rfr Qr l1 Id )1, t 0 0) 1) ,t)!.u Y.tt I Il/ ]vrPol C.U 6 o.l OT Vp mt T.( t tb 1 + 0) )/ r= 'h ;x :, tt- Lv v? b! ( T b'0 toT r/ur)"V ([yrVBvur][ill i; tP.5llr'^[lq orrgfio60ynrpr-il OOVIIy IA0 I'$ A i s rrroF r^r i,s . L,,rV ,ln F S.'. ) tBli.o cI:lU ofieuoE0rlnrorJ,i OQYIIy 146 ir} A I g Vq(nm.JuuVQm( +rfr cqsrqr< cqrcln
  • 3. 4t-61 ({Fsl{ld c{f[T{ Eqrq "TQ ccrq'el< cqrG.{ rr.]Ersfi q1'{ eisl{ {Fl, )ecs; cr$flli. )blo 1Y{lcrTd"l dFf i, )8)); E-lt, roo8 1i-+{ {E t {'1'1, )st)i cwflfi, to)c er€Fls Tft< qT<!q ryTl Tf6rr car q*r<?s z-E !Taa! q 65,'lulai {q<ll, UFI )ooo, il"nllril (sf{ irsqills web www.Porua com.bd sql qcffi< Tl*ts Ttq ,l3qsi-{d fuB fiG-ll 5lF] fi{ftErF{ {t6 # tbb GOT s{l) +,EI{r. lrfi )ooo. il"a]I-.J {rr, 1ifli qrt!G.,l sl ISBN 984 8l4l 5l 11
  • 5. +rQ cqqqm cft{{ +ti-cs1a< rr,r r lt€iq qrF<rf< qfifi u qefi ci6{a.R €|q.{ aei a8 Eqtr {(Tdr*i 9frfl t( e?,'rr flfoEq : q(qrr< q{ il fi"Cr rfuEE : r'sr F3E eo gC{ "ifrtph , qriifL s frr+ flJ4&-i ,Ei1ut ,eu r9d {irer : q{qEt< c,igm Fcr aj qft! qErE{ , furotqfrii< wviqn u." $ {i'cqq , qitliq! tq rc{ qfr'cEq, fiEin ()s8t-)ltq) )o( qf! "iftEc , qlmq. ,tBc a "ir{Slq ))b
  • 6. afr slErq< qt6ffiTlBF{(inrafi oGl orolqj 6q7nq lrohj !br)) EII{]I!< rqri Qi1-t-Fir ,!- sqq; T+! ffi E-ar e{r e+ fiTi ra{ftF sfu .rk :r1!l AEq e rq{{ qdfio qtvm sqlri] fu6-r c cftarot< trre-<t<i 4ql<qEs 'i<-R Gfl+ ql eflqi ffi13 lifnc €lro q<'i]a{ "r< .r {rfu< ffi T(n $t-61 flr'qa.I{ arlar{ arI6qffiq rfirirfo Tffi !q6-{ ffi qifiis trL4d dF,..Tu ffi. q{,ftr- ftrq i1ffifo I B€n tErE? ir< {i-rf € lT]fu s<iq!q, {aq, {<r{, ({r!'mt e-,!lr f{etn ii'{cil ol sfu 6q oi qi Tffi sti EFEI< trt,r r-TEl al-Tcqr Fta tTrO{< c{rcrl :o?,5fl1i-'. ffi6F'. 'qlq u.'IE.i tftitq ,! fu@F Eirc< dr< <q qi{ft{ e?t eii i;t< itq< ,llfErEr4i "rf<}r {ia -ri l]. lrrqi.-r 1i{s ?t"{i -i!Ti €r6t-t s:fqt r-efiFrR€ "tl?or <sd :rri <rlarerq-rr fci{+{ fi6ri ftxte <rqm n< n ii;r qr-(.r "]frTa-< 'flrts-mr< iGcrn )blo 5tIE Tl(4 qa]rsil r..io al';r ++tfie <l 1-iE]1*i {:i{.. {nE-nI6< {'r qrttr qr?affi+ {{ :snfta qEl {3" e<<tii €ffi{1q F<E. o:ln .a,rsl 'tq{ nl q;rF d+(E{ q{ nqfl cqrs dqz< +o:,fqs. Ar+rffi irrfii< fir+r <di, $ie'r< {6.rrd, T1t{r{, <rqm-aFlq. FrgqG. {61 r1. A"]-o]. nf+.1t, fit".Gfi. cqrii{.xE eo.!e. Etfl eErliE { EIh fmre", ET tqq 3 {<"r-eir<, q]F{ftr sfu5 m-ra< (liG-r '{4--ltG-< lf:;ql q <4'"1:na-T(Pa (i,da+ Tfr.l 'i {.ac rtrtfr q{<lq€ TJI fa,r+ lN <rq(F "( ,jgn qfith€ TJl. q-.Fiq! T{ q6{ q{ff.i {ti t ' ilfr ercnqri <n"ft< arfr c{Ioij< Ftrra:r< {mflr din emrm T4dq 3t$n< Fjir{ "]<1:r.l oocor mq q<q o<ii 'rFiE lfcq Csr€ 'rziT1q< +nq <18 TnqE {t< aa{ q-fl Tli v..ri FtGi ffi-rim cqtln rFlbaB.rzrr ,!i tss E(hl1 l1f4 {c< :,c {6 (ils, qfiqt<l o qn, too8 filqq[ qE r$t
  • 7. ftQ-sr$-{rrdgfr-st sir T16 (TlEEri qrcr-,!i cfl '4frs,llrfi lGqc'cR6 ftEt ,9FnsS' c{r{ Sblo 'n'(q eFhr Er"ll €{fui fu qr qtss c. E t{ 9]I'l tF atE {crEq irq T{(ql q{fli Fdl EC{ I Tl<.1 cslT {{l crsir.li vfusln {FITr rra ffi )bst, EI$t' q qfr{6 arT6 FGraEirTqE qqr{< "llt$IFi cfio {"'fir crrdr.ri c! qi6 dFr< (cG qq (11F rB{ 6{rB.t qEn r{t'fi ci{l r rflT €fis cr$Iq frfr .{ <tE? sr{Mfu c(5lr r1l{{ rd.sr srcs crn-{ GR r c{ frfi (q@i rEis <dTl.{ q{Fls S,IIE rfrls3 {flqtr ilE< {Eq lBs s qrn'r] qTlE Er €Ii cD} TrilE{ r vtfi rsT< ffi, <!fr< ar fr{{ qTS q1q, seI{ n(rfft{ {rcq fiff.{ cc{rql "tth+ ot !i|6o 4fl<i r idTE rrs-<rR qri qsil qfr'sl c.rtn nfi qrR E rd cFls {6lIE r s1! Trrfl.t 611iii ,gTii Efofi crrtrGs <!1a r qE ngr c+ti S+t< cl,{.nrst q{cgl k{ it r fu {6{I{ €mEir {rr q{ru{ cq nE EB{ <e-({i rr$ diE'i6< iE-{q Ficil qcnT iyl .16{'111 (cftE, qfrretr c<r 1TtL<! IEEftqg E!i.{ rffi{ llbIq, qr fi rfirsfrle- rg-{ It.fir qlt$fii cF&" re alft.T !qF.{ eFcqd {lrg B1QE {dE q{ ala qsE yfr'{E ercflq{ | qtfrs q @l.{6{ 1fuaro <n rra aiafe r itF< la,rq {, {d.d {t{ T<Irs "i<r{i .{ ,{(' 'lF}(qd ffB ff{{ s ,n{Ii fi'-{lr'R iB.{5 a( slA-{ € q1${ rffi[lr< €314 qfrfi< iqrd cqqt ?Er(q r fr's'Tiri ,I{Eti yElr]T EsJs EE "lfr'{cl (s!F riEir.t )s8 1tt, <drr< awrr* :ea 16t) cFF,? qqrs E$eti 4rq {FlF< Ei fiT{rnl.{i
  • 8. ,GE{ !tt+I[{ c]{c{ Bqfu TcrFr I q dIq <!-{r Fl1q (l!F! s{FiE 16r {nni5 itll.d rt{{i ftqrqi ilE Gfi €re qfr+m qlftirar r fte q rls ,e 116 c{ 'a{E cfifrr {Dr{ q3r,arc c{ (c1IFd qt* fr+C{l qnfi-s qrrir €a{H {6re El ilG 'lgrqi 6{ill m I sI], qr{ls rG, CI, ,q q-q {r{R q{J 6{rr$rs 0 EE qi qM€ !{n: qff{ rfdsfi[ e qBrq &ffirr< erm S"n 66 ers {crcq r qli qT{t TlC qqi{ qn CI ,lF6fsI Affi_{ s qr{s eq ful s rrSf(fr FlTn<r qFE{ q{s & TF GqnF &ft TIR cs Q 6qq {6{ qls q{$fiEq.< ftg ftg ofi c.tr+ m< r ig{r ceEro rFrqr (I lG'{l{ slits EtfiE q qs qc{ <ts<.flE iGeI{ | EdR I q$F iiG-@r qvl nFIsi TlEBEli{ € fiT{]Isfr{ fi-srrR ift"{.{ qcq fr-(Ere-Irr <ffu 4rIE I Errii idflr ssff{ "|rt{Is .{h 1fftf yE a€ {i1s 'ir(< I {ln.l .! {L'fr fuI{ .lF ftR q,{.lq 1r{ 'rws ,mn I '|PrlEl ,iffi+ s iB-er{Etrlin qr$ elT{E q]E R$l-r .rEi F{| m I setaE tl+r crel, qrqEwi ffi q<r feE e rftrcr< gm en +.crr r G5n-;< cFmfi uF{l snfr-oa 1ftlE.lfe ftq 6-6 cqr," qrsi{5l<la B6qdje-E {Bfi fiS{ Trl firilE{ r) frO{s 'Trlq 16q{ 1f'{ 4{rl} ft?r* c<( 5EEr .n{I !.lEqf,q s a,+(sd Efuflr rA EIfu< sii.rrir ErE-{ {r{16r cE{ {q ;II r (q frTcs qrile cil ElE fi.r (,llnq sIi qft D g+jE, 4firs{ lG=qc (q<( {cRq lG{qs 6 q{|&-s &frn E"R qG6s q i6jit 'frtrsi ir qmI .ifit€ rq{ fr1G lns FLifi L ,e {.5fii 'tfi-+ uttc<l o rcl e6lc .aE IGEIc I ({Cq r]al vFi, 'ifcsl-d T{ 'iftsi c{ t(Elit Is sl {{, {€E "iT6]FR qrll 'ffq sE ol.{rcq 6ll{r E6 qc{sln,l q<iTN qrel {fisrrninElfr_{ s 'ta€qnt q[{{ cE!!i cfifi-s cErIT qtfrsl.i $ino qaAr ftg <+N i| qtteft qft{(Ti <I'l qir{ oGElfi€ q&{ FlTl? <{ r) T6{l{ dfftE ffirgi qefi Twfi ,!i cTqr{ fr3E {c{(E q qE{ cil.{€ c q+<FE qft i5r{d5B frq{ EIErr dtr6s 6]i {, qEI< {r<.1lg, {tiir+ Eg ftrc< fi( qlqstr{ 6-$ iii.E E6 -<r< , oflol< q ifri'11-r {o q.-Su ofr,F;o .,0, Q.iI]t l(rls {6{ | ,t qq 6! Tiri fr{tsd EIg< {iI {anaq, qqns cr r{ €{cr< qrflqft< <nrri qqfifi e sqnfi c(rs]q6r nlr]i qtfr qrl< eirftT qfic r.lrR, sr< efcrsr{ t',9T8 igi fi!trs ritr{6E {c6 "llrr I nFr< rIlrw fi{r& tt{rfr rlgE qfrre-{ t&{cs q$6 4&-fts s qFfu efufi - q rqri| ,er.q ,rG tt+i ffis{'f q${rfr rFi(s T{rE € it I Efi r(5E q {sna A<'1< {ili "lIar sfu{r{st'i Ifl fli I seEs, ,l&sa r.i Trtr{, fiq erq r;ril "lGo <rrc8t ECtrir fi.B:ffi qlfuT 6ffi Ot s]G <rE r.{ T1T{ I qtG-< {Rfirs <l{E 4IF eEFr, Ter, lEInlEk, ,!ii-{, 16tr, s16{ ffi sl86-$ qrGFqTls {E t]R ct613 rrl rcE r qi +Ei <cs.q qi 6r, "tFliqdqlfi l&-{].nd c< iIftfi q<r frfi ,a rrs, 'f5lEi ,l&sdi r{q.q nI{F EFt { |
  • 9. Et&n ftac 'ifiE .s Fic.r.{< tsg< <nfii (s4 fi,E "iITF dl<l 1fu .{. (s.qg efn ,!<56 -ir<l+a .{.1 q,FF liaa+n <t "x'6rq {AE{r1fu.ii 6 {nfufl,"'< {iE 56n tn'rt nft}r Eftrln iF(rr[d r;nF $aq ac Fi<a! fi* nfiTr-l .-r d{ irr,! Ii€ fo":< <o1iEo< ir.rEla s 't1irs< anq "ii6E 1cl]]1 +lE: ,:r ef&niti<r tsi-1rffi, "ifil-. r,5lii1ir-n a<1 fTEF s flfr,iftftlrn sf.Ti srll$E {{r4 T+r qfrEd { ii..,rr-r --,,lfi €l.n .Iii (l niag TnFraitnaE.< !i E^rs- lqil nhfui U4Jl Tn i.lq,q {r fu'rn? fii:'N crqi -.rniiiirr,i qlq c'!,rn 5lr il5 al6B <ts3 q[']. {ir+r qfi s. 1ifu+ afio otc"i:o= 'IEIi r<i 1iJ <lFF q,.1i6rr i,1n64 qlrrr 6!Tr "ld qr<h-s >o,ffi artF .nrF ?Efi rFO< ?Fft, rrrfdi{fl aEaftell< so Gfu+ 'ihfi,fv crlT E"F. 'irrfl 91fiilF a{Tiex)o+q t{41r. Trll-4+lr+ etFrl6 .:!--1< .f': 1.! lC )da _tr._ a![n ) .2I3' ct3 -'r4 1?r+ q] irr3r]< -k ,!<r E"t a<tiftr- f;fil .!I+,lnl )o. <nffira,il ao-dF.r ) c,,,ro cb "Ffe 1rr+ 1al- 6= TF?r< 6<- !r<< eo 4< sr-rl61o .!1i 1.1 so eli -l;r <lFBli <,di- na1 . rln dq.' <En .4'1re zqr 1. ta -4.{.-,..; ) -.-ll Y a<lirT-r ).)(=)X,!oi+ox!o+)=ss.)) .lf<.ir.- t'<l loi rir. a{rl f;tf- ) i, "rJ q ar.r ar< )o5 fr-1-qE €+ +Gqd fo€ n3F< .F fiIo -F F-.nn ft!]ril El<l <$r- ,]ris fikr..! Flra i,ro "nr<ft rl! lii, -L"1s5rq3 1r.'ll {lrcij g<i q,.Ba .or{aE-< di.r,+ro: ({.'n]n "iriiuri) Fll -r< ,.€ut< "fn {fi <lfffid LT{oiI4< }r-glaqF qeiie rd Er<'.<t (sr{r(Erf e.o /.!Lo t.6 q,6<.-qr+riE Ji{ari) <irfidnT4. dr4 f i m- 81",rc ftaa <r11tr .i]+ nJi!aF< at?l lFaumji .]cr r<roa. =E qil ,4in -I4.3< -.€l<nl nir cl i] Fs '|{.-{.l;r-.< rrd: {r1?dii. }'<",!"li€n "hE (-:;rF. !" f-ft4 i.inn rEG) 1+6, iif,a fr.n 5 rir[] fi1t- 'iLo ni. !14 q*r<r 4ilrIl rii?ri fi1! ( 42ll .r-nF rar a?4 -< rrl <t" +a.p "'m N' 1Er 1rrl, r.'. <u t-4" t'"Ca ) a?rrs b r:ilij.E. ':1<r sil ftm !o (Ea+ 5o ail?T. {<i t-F irtl fi4 !,r aqrF boD a4<'TE (i:+ -lnFI t8, nla qfi EE 4F -r;r slq ,qfo 4I-:ronr liF fi +3ro .IIJ.- ) Frg 6iTa.r 1a<- rn "t-Tar€.fr€<l V.rT?r;., tirfit+ lt1-E,1fi Fi- EE €it :Fl T€< ,! A.r;n fiell<.$*ti ,eoo 5F< arerdi! r-rr! Tnk-an {nl 11 so iifi4 1F+ qis1l"a "rhfu tBrii€ {fJEd {qq ,i}d arf{'Aa "faudfi 1< .rFl "]fi:n o<re q,fi . oFrEiist ..o ir 'lelr Eri.ro "nqEi. il€<l )o ,!r qb-n o<"j .!m 1rrl< <tQl< Ftl !" fifea sr <Frd )._fsiii+ '.iln lre- 'thfu< E-El<n.T. ,ii.r4i:n!1]lEi ,. 'i-fu Sriin -r{a. E5l'1o {as 4?a. -,1tr. oa" '"d. /' _--- e -Dr 4 E? " q ' +' - ,.n ,'t .-< g''' l'" <I5i {<1 it infuF c rirrtj'a- !ret< ftlFti qd
  • 10. FFrfu {frs q(T"ilsr {qe CFrcc) rr rIT eIr 8y ow' ow 1v 'wow !! <r rr <lf )e<IlT )8<y )a <Y? rs<ffi !q<v ,n<f ,n<w o< rr <r rr <Ir rs <Ilr i8 <Y ra <w is <ffi rc <? c'<f rb<w s! <<r sr <(Ir se <<Ir o8 <(Y' .a<<w' ?,r<(m .r<(v or <<Y e6<(w eo4 st AY s{lT *dnr '.dY 'odW' 'o{ffi "14v,"4v s64w o.-$ or{r o.4f *-4rr ie{Y o"4w', oo4flI o.{V oo{f, o'{W i) r) r 4(Y &W e" ()) (al) (8s) (8,) ), cl, 8r9, 8o= )Xgo'+oqxgo:+8gxg.+6oX)=n)Ro.o Tr<Y ffi.w Q, tl <,f e,lol,b e) <Jlffilr 'i6l€1E )8q s< <,1 G t)'gob -l a-T{T {ailrE s?n6 qlrq i. ic ()Xtc+tx!.)=)81. .r<1 <'j s-lol.5 = sX!+oXso+exo'!" =t jgo:i) g g<! s {r ltq lltn -ii+ ai.-"1 1-Ar afifi;l aa<zel "rc<6ore 1J4< oofr 6+c EBf<- <dai , ! arl.!, tb "l{E q$lrl
  • 11. fu q rrlqjl Tn'F c{l{ !ftq ,9+{ {is q{s {r{r 4 r qrlft q fr{r{ rs cfFI el<fi q{c{Ii 'ifiI'l66 {(9- q_6r vJs lFll!;l 4 r 'rfl_65rdl 6lttl qlgJlffi, qftm€ Gsrfr'dqlEi nl< nffs t q n(A6l qfi, qFrdl qr{$l{:i ',rtrIErq" lJr{6 cqri5i Ell_€ irl"Ie I aift-qrri Cs W{{ )o-Gft-{ {fi-{ qi-"ig-{ qqBi (Place value Notation with Zero) eRdr ldEq q {Cl +i[rd q&? TllH qr(E I iIF.nrR TElEil l:|{lri fr'n< >o-1iftn nm & qDfiE F elAn frilr ), )o, )oo, ... , :,oo,oo,ooo cgGe vv fu Gd ES{ <r{qo F I qlffifrq ?Irs r*F{R' (sand-Reckoner) iffs q6{ cs,s 1{s n$n (qqn qtG r(ii Flr{ r qB Fr{E Frqfu so-&ftF[ qEG-r qgql ?th-+ ve'nw mG- "n{rs]-d r(tl qr &ft Eq .eo-qr qfu )","o,oo,ooo (E l cillF) q<( qrs tr] ilfift n1q{< h I qffi&{ 6s s"-Gfu{ rtfi "lEfu E]q fi-cr fu ,! rEr1f{ q6Gr BsFr <rqfu{i q filr{ rrqlqr 6{fr di.l 651i1 il - vo-,!3 <nrq )o,oo,oo,ooo_G dmB Gft {r,| q€ Tr]:l {(s] qFfr{ s{q E q{{ qffi&I-qtr &E rs-6lfrfi T{i afii <trtr @{ q<m 4 vl'i E'61 €r"t lisF "1TL3 r qffiGq ftS1i r)'l qfi Tgrfiq s.lfirirt r onns aTLq f{qin tii i_FI< T, <s{< s5fnE Eni r qar<t o{{€ QrE qrrl ({ :Idt <t qe.{ q{{_fi F{ qlffiTF< ncor sft-€r3 "llEs rg< {sfi r <llfr{fu tr fu-,i1Qq{ qqF qffii rEc{d cril{ q<( slT 4 a[flG-{-ft?GT d9h-{E Fnfircr ofi qfiTl,i q<( {qk rtl eo-qi frfuI, nfi Ffl €i ,lo-ftfts ut.t{t ffiGi BER!Td qA s{]l Tli.l) Erqri Erql< < lr qllrn q<r <q rrq {fu-Trf+$'Cr< .Ei]n CI fiG< EEF{ !dEq, qTqr TrGi ,rcE fi qlR6s fiG e{fl6 qGqEcq srre 6-{l i56{ s qcE{ I ({€5, lill.(i Ftft'r& lir,a<(fr'r<-iifisrir $i-e'FE rd cICl1frrs 4 lnrq qffiGcli Eq'{ dE ft-{ fi s6i, ltii 1l flT F-{i qlt{ fio r) rgrs fuift:r< )o-&fr-{ n$il csqi IAq 6Ec{ qrls-(Tfili' .fl? qFtr'fr&-{ q}{ (octad, rFm {Rqri eRdr sI< qrs, q'ris, IE-cfi {(sl €l1II ,4T c{ifr, ),oo,oo,ooo, etlgrn ,4i5 6+lE 6dE -,!ElI< sE EIiGr-rl aEtrn n(rmar{rcF {lG-rrcEr 4Bl q-f(E )o-GGf (fis ,Frfrft-{) qfi$ s$qrl ,thGi € (qFs, !.,1.s, 1q{, ..., cot, ro c6]fi, ... i-sifi)r .1 s{fir 4rr <nfterir 1.-{fu e 6l-s {&E$ )o-lBits (tryT{) c"i1n,llq{ Em{ ffi.ll ElE TTiI qFFF 'iIGFI L t{Tq {fr{ q(s"nE4 r6Gi sEfi lr{t qF qfti fi{ {tr r cft {cfl efics:rFll{ sll llfl {sFE (ssT{ cTT{ cqr$ cltqF boo &$rq 4{s) I Il]rEr to-1Bft-{ € T{ q(ifiE q$ cqrF "|q&r q!4{ rcdF qr< ot {nffirlEi rFl fiF fu il r qii iI{ lii' ft(<Ei} T1" q fiEts cffi .{ Tifr4ft'{ ,ifi nhiG< nl.q qRGs irG<'f TIfl rs,]st.r L! {fi nhGi qFfi .Irffuri (fii <{r$T io-Gft-{ 5r.l.{l 1s&< {.{ 'lGGs qrE"{, Eli so-.4i <5'F
  • 12. io-ri! Gft-{rn q<q Trifurr{)r rlftqi i!frG.q qfl, !s.-Ti' rrGr 8oo-n <FFt eso-6{ {atr II{ frinli aTt efi qs (E1rqi clIt-r qT{l< aG s(al afi-a a6 1" qq i5li 1G c"l-e) | rtrET{ tfiq ro-F&{ q{{{E{ .iqG 0 e l 2 3 5 6 8 9 t0 12 t3 14 t5 t6 17 t8 19 20 I 21 27 23 24 25 26 27 2A m',m= 1+r+r t"-leC+ qlFs qrF{-r "l5fu I €iir jt"r ( I Fn ) (r1T& a{at ( ) I]<r o r<r<"fril tE .<( {m< rtqnqj ,!i (e,r{ tfti 1{s rEir 1s | -t<,f< Ei !r<5 Trl Its. qq6< r{Tn .!rr, Tr1 Ft qa< I]$rin q$ 61T{ {ail sn fu Er . qftfi ,o., ,ooo rTlFr J.X)o, !ox)ox)o. !Tqr< EC{ qln Joo < q$1 11.r toxto,.ln <n6lE e,go ,!l( 59dlr< <1 )ooo (r q{61{an q. osoxt,. ).ooo,€< qi{1arn F osoxtoxto... lE)fi l 6c sa6i jd t1 Gm l" mrrFr €c{E. {r{< m a0 G.ri tN .<tar(al <rrE (.!.lP ro G64 +rnr rEG) n]r]trl c"3n F,rE fl-r"nFr .i. T<( Bfi r.rrd fi.r , flr or6f.rs b. )8. a, ). tt EtaT anRlE , )tx)+rxlo+ex(e9o)+)3x(euoxto)+rx(osoxloxto)=5to!b)t sE fiys se[ 6iT< qat]i +Tiq q{r< IE s, rl+.s< iirn .{oit qliftn ltar Elan Fr.t< s inli{1" {qN {6.ln ip r.l lllni-- nJQE € aii.Fn .! ,arF -faf." r {f!a !r<r?,{,63tc, ., FrFr., f .n? r<1: .rT" qF: ql-tiG.{< "rci' ,i{i Effil q€$ rsi {.rEd qni5ftfu.Tr flIqfun5 3 qtfuo qftsET< 15fi Atffic. FEnd. q@tir Fdr.i €isrfi- -Iie {€- tl
  • 13. i,rFffrfucTr qqzr ft-t< <nfi+cm I{qJfoE Etd € {rFl qqa€r 6,tqi qsrlio Z{Eiii qa,rfu {€< ?a< ,-r4rE Tu-] nfrelll { ffilri qiisR €a{ lf'"{tlfi kfl1 <jr{€ {<. .Bq q{61 q<r q'fi fina-{ff er'la-ioti fu.i< € <nii{..rr ,lf#l a! 'rjetia6 $€tii- -a<EE E,ln {lrr "ra<T!: qmq aq€-{l rrc etin- TJfidrn ailrn e "xfi,rl,tE< (6"n Asrlfiior) E6r sl{]4 rnrnfui ft.]I< Eltffi< Efrl a<Fr Emlq i!'trrr e]g1i:<t q1fii ft(l Flriii-< Eil et!]al fls 6c< '.llri-c. ft<rc'l1{lc oT'r "ilsE'1l li']< c {r1I?ia te]arrii -]{fi er{aE4 ,!<( qriili € 'rf4o'nd qllr:rn .I<aqi li'L{< t.d]ft9<r EFrE" a:l .e. 8- 4 (€c ?86 Ftrr, <rr Ga{ tr98 'r'F c<cq c}rfr fl.flft liw !] .{ ri15rdER Z<FIB E(8. e +,1 =c ,! {q {nF'riiraF-< .iltps qqrar 6r iti <<r r5r<l o. 8, ci o. )t, )s q.?f. qrt""l] Eil it1fi fui1"] nr<fur.rn a!'etil iiar r{r4ifi iiwq ffi rF<r {]lr .l rrnrfi m i{"lllt?n (rrn li,fitnar EA ri{l (Ptthrgorcnn Triple) <a i'TI 5e <laa< {€<- anfiail rfr"lfi*i a?tr.? ln"lt.flr|l i"i .m ,rftfuo i1"i;fi r-id,rT<'n q€,'n -ara raam,nili a,r G1..]Fffi 6rfnfirsia< ?]!11+6n o q , as a+F ai1drfi fugaq< q'F,ijq,6. i'r< _srf;*E <'1 q,ir ll <Er i3*-< -lfEE <,t!,G< n'{ft< 5{F ()) $fri fti.ril{ {!r,TrEni-. faFt- sa. h,i. .... ) ..F1fr ?-is c1"fi< eAo qn nTqt I ,!4 a4rfi a{rfr r{o csrll EFm]ll F,11 a!E. -r< (Fan rg t",Tls 33: 3t"q93q tEP E ;;6;-a -lste-4, 6 sl+{ tuli}* q(Tq]E{ qsG _9 I. T ai ) *I: g c) )8
  • 14. (q) ("r) (r) qliri Fr.rih BFUE e.i4"Ae- ,i616, (+) iX)oo+cx)o+,rX)=tc9i (rl) 8X)ooo+sX)o'+lX)o+lX)=89tt @lt@t @_ll %t, l I : ll--] (c) elfir 1i-lrj EXI('] a.i"[< "lhfr Ii.lr{< f'r3ti'r,!, (<( a6l"r. *-T-ti< "iz{t< .11-r< nnet .1<nr 6t- ,iGi EBrr 6renr < >rsq 6rfi1ia qrlnfu< Frr .lr{Fa<1 ol<1id !r"?r+ oiftior.e rs 'r,-F te ..5r,cr: .,a- r .n ?r", rr+{rd !t r.rx: :F jo -r-. ig'r, ar<c=. "r"+t. .m. .?, .rr_ ,r ^-r l,<n,fi j <,rF. F,E ,"1.!c 6.< s.1n. . T,. l:d e ft .< ! .8. I - ,-i"r lTgl $rl a4.-str< EXli-T l-rLtE n -fi {llo lrje _.r1 q* "[""S"r- 4 <:-_5i: d.<1, ".-. ::-'<': r'- d.Fa.: 1 .r>: - .. <]t:<??tj "- j ; ;-5, e-l{a!r <l qta.il6 tfr"r<tr fua r{c+ )o) ?rio anffil E:I(tz4 i:I.tirn EXI..I-i er6]1 6ir {crq r"lt. i)):).)=r_++ iir 18 C, !18 lel e))!,r) = r-+l)l cg gcii 1c,9 .d{:a< )r.. {.t4, a- 6., : rs--.. 13?.: :.. ! er".E Te" {n rt n. 6ritn .ilM<Ii fii5{fi 1eu3ebauer) r;n Afir,r a-xrrfu Frr 1i.t?t- sX'i'i (llglprirr) Frrclioni)-{< -"]l ,rT<3.n <i,fl !-1< a6ln 'lrii,.i €ii <=. 99,tflflry m!t[1] :_ )o
  • 15. q1i {r{ ffi e]a-ffirq< ql{rA! sF[ dr1l ,eR slaa ffin nBr53 EFqcqFd q1<Fi sir{ r q< sld qrdt <nffin iliE r-trd sFrs clr<Q r 't],6t-si 'l-crFr{ir, fi{l {1{8, rffirqi i(FT<lEl Tri ,irir lBrl.n c.(-l.{ 6rF{ q({r+t EIs rralFr <{{q <n 9i iGErr (rcfi I li,lai{ E$(fi EsqG c{{r <cd {q c$l itr{rr5n Fdli E["ir.!i qrTil ,!s oen <ir q+ell r m{ nftsi rEri cR{ fi, ), I (Q!s <Bt.:Fr< qE q* xrlu-< ftnAi. sflrrr.li ElG"sj EPRq €{l qr.q ((s{{ r.-,9i ftqAE I , s ,!i ft"i*s : , qnffiro sFrB eo-fofu.5 'r.rfl qqf,Ei ar<rq Fns r-o'a h'tit' eo, s-qi li'laE )o, tqfi r ,!El Qs <rfiq+cfi< Erc.fir 1lrer, s{R )a fi-c{ Elst {!lts Erq ERt I fiIn Q"l pa" Ler.rd {Tr-li otG"oe strr< Eq rqr{ft5 <nffiT EIt<.t ci&< qo snrm< srsE Erfr'r Eflin <lr{r ris, {&€ qIE< F{frT &6r )o-qi 1fr<16 so-Efr-si c4o, Elfi-{ Efllg,l c{T{ E{6-a E-{r i'r{firfi c€ral.6l rqtqrc {,i{T$t, rtot(,i, TaIR.l, q{slr1 (;.*-.*--.;= ) ffi, <ltftqftq'Fd vo-Gfr-s s$ql'r co:l-{ Ei, rql6r{ ;.*.* * tsnii I -- ffid ftra$ eflteR qa-{] etrf cerd"tl mr fulaffi {ft r'ftq3 ,i q'mq E r<.1:{ qT6 +(i qt{, Er6s lrFrF Esria frR (d I q1fr sr6{s q{ffil{ sI<sff-q r{FiTqdr r {nfi, qR 1e+co qj, cat frla{ €flr(I,ri $sc frcn EsT-El{il srrcEr {(is qrrl qI{ (it i {Etoi 1ftg<l {rEr< qBe rqrd <9i qr El.6r f4s i1ft@ti qii ?rari q{ 3'ifu< rG ft erst< c{6rrs "ir< c$l 6{Rrc n &q'eftr bnr{< a$em im Ft r cfiq, qffi&n {fi G-{€E $Ii wlqfr xr*ftto-e al c<re q<r Emdc{d ql qrFrsqlfu'fi EaI frfi ci-6"1 il c{1ro;r sr={cE sra-{ fr.B rEftqi ffi ficn rtf ifi FEn e fift&+ qG[lr{< ft{ €I{ "G6ir SE it qii c{cs@ e{ qGsli er.t ffi ou ry Ectft EF 'Ii1€14 ftmi lffis fift.k Fil C{ Tfa rGdfi frEn iI{ds € sl cnr,E srffi6-{ q qr{i ec-oE $m <fu rcq<, !.n, rc-Ir[ (Lever), qlftft'qr { (Archimedean Screw), chfi-o <Freq (Compund pulley), ftfl (Catapulr) elgB Es]q{ F{ro ns'r F qar {fi-Qtrftqi Gydrostatics), fiGfiir< a{ Ef iir, 1rsr € qd, qsfi {6ri{ (3eE q,]]fi&-{ 6@r FqsE fift, ffiqr43 rr,rq fifi ey.ft flliGii vq qfisR +Gr qffifu cflrTq {I(t< ffi fi.fu e<m ,rE c{d FiE 6EA Firs i;Ic{ ft-srci {fi&GftirR qft$R sr"Qrdi, sv a$Bf'l&m EE figs ft-{dq qrq L rctIq lt{fi ,4T<'{- qsfr-n qffiG-c cnlcq fill ts(1 'n qfo:r cEs$ {lq frfi eFi a-{c"i{ c! 1+.fi €qI ftra <|"$l {ra c{E q< i({n 'rfi {F|afi 6"iIE .l.gcq r E1"E €t< {c{ {n fi flfti qrl] cilF qEi4c{ qft[] ftrq Elr ail q,rfifis tfr< eqr d 1qllah tsq4 cer6 EII {Ri r qAi Fl.-@.T qiifr&-c{i IE {r{ .:fE{(srE.
  • 16. -r,fffifurT< :r.n liEs snrni {._sl ( 6eB Ef- irrr :rtE ffi i< rq.o E ,'-t1il+t I iErFr a {ai,!+ dry llqrs ?i?< iir,qrqn d flffi {1]i< f<<r6._l 144"1a"1< E"ta "]l€rII a,llE (+I<.1. Il;tri flr ,3qa;l< (i1s mT{tr$ *ttras 9{sq.rir! lretGi qtr 1!t -11< {1;I- .!Ti tft]] tFir., gi-a r<a .l,rr <F,a5i ri . .r. ji .. 5.? .! !3.1- .n . . - ._* ...r, ; ?tr !n . nF. ,a.re ':,, n :. 19F .,an 4in_I " 1 :a-" r.+, "{ 4-F, .-ia +,a. =..n".. "_,_,,.*_:r,ni sn ;I f-€ r'ih? E"r,< efii-E -"rFlir q-Ig gtil {,3 ..12 .trrr -rTfl {tm &in t!,i ni Fail 'r,-ii nar a'l,qr o,!i. Err.i.L.it i q-ftrl "-:! +F a! ,nit< Fn_E a+r-r ,]lf'..{ sfi )r1ii qr !tFi; qzs, fr€ niFir t,|l t:rrrl "r< csn r.+_s .!-,11 #+ an -nfffi? ti rqr qr.r+ Ga <r< c,ran Tarli ir_,rT fna{:" rdE:m: , . q--, !. .-.. "?id.ar...al -. F< "irt1g 'tr itarr?fi -iir "tf.i s?.. -fri ajr.tn ,+l- ii-! rni €I qfuq € faisrfgr <ar qffifoi -i ,F 5ilns-i c<.aE ,ilra!.- T-_"i n-. qr:n .F{ln1< jt;l< -l.rj.B I,ri6c ,:,r+ .+-" fjE. -_-,j ,-i?rl {r:r q qf-s ,Ffsr.+ qG; ..F 'i+; ..r rc"a qrlt .a. a-qei<: ni r.tr a.f ia",:< oEi- lxnlicra 5rlig..lri d. .!<rFd {if6< nlr-rn er+trrile.-_<: (rnQ nr<t qfaq nF1 .nrf - "|.:5 -'4a a.< i <F-a. .-f. , 5:. .r?.r. -.t " " ,:.f ra-'. 5at,-. nr-: .n 49 6. .4 4c<t,a..., a,4n..ftrl fl..Eai :r, efla4i q,.l6rF e<< i€13 'r<+T< l- nil ertn fiEni <"-< 1i9' irinTr q;I .anl! <q r.i1-. I | ..jL n ar nrelhodt -,r.n 'c- 'n_ -st t <: . ji=a<.,. , 6tr-._ a," T-T lttr [6,r ...,5 --.'R !rr- tn{i i:'rEfi Eri qa! o<r r-5 {1, !t-?l rn€:rin fi Tall fi>ritri qferr (l1gl..r] le i.-n< anil _rln ,,16 .!.,. E! -i1 .{<:n.n. :?.n-{,:,. ?.ri. r, !nu:,4r51l G'1i ru ,r-" "-, .* aF'.# X1gi;:.g :.:: . 1. *r-"_.T"T 6n. (i1-R ,na<r .- {e .{i! -{1.< r-r e,I$j l.lz< :rT{rifla- .:fi<"'fn'ftn :n$IqG A " .p- ryr o-+rr trrdir+; :]ln las6i f-f.r q<.ln "itftaE gai ltl-] i;,,-.ratrin dtrr< :t-!< iE1 !<( !.126 JTai {q 'uftr_i anl:,a- fi-ar "ti-Fl alatr$r raa.r-p4+tr iri..r" fui; #_.,-?-l o..,a-.< .r. 'ff6,r.Ei ifu={a r
  • 17. .{tlift'T!- qrn rrd !l4a-n ? fsfi ra' Ta'l fFsr +'Fn '{E <'l 'lsiirE' :r'r -" qi ron u rt6 oq, e ,sG. qan fu'r "ns] tE'l'+l qal-< _41FFft3 '3E'? >g cc-. coi " . +ztt? 4- :9.r' ): ad'F r" "'i-t _rF rtr1 '4< ai* t-{ir 1-.{d -o ada -1 aJ") 'G -A a<-5a a<) 15a <'4ll' qt'll-&t-. t.rr'tli;" >s+lc=ge ffi Fi"g ii'"flq 16'"1{'< cef i q{q 8) ,.nir.';q o -t o* ,oltr i draa'qfll;< !+'r 'r_e.qI.i '<furi "r'rE 'lr{' a:t'I:t< o a{f5 s6d i ffi . ?lFr< <Tq a2L+ iG tt'E ' - *fa"l* *.,- < r<r+< r+r; liXl fist +4a'dn ';li T''"- efiq< {x {E aEar rir a.it,r.ifri linr nr (l], lofi ir.i ra" {fi," g{in ;]3 1?r'{r .111< '16 ;;Fft- 1.l. tf, nr .{." .{< rrir uz-- lis "'F gftr" ?-l} 1-rr13i' u1n f;.ln {ih -l tn{r;!= sF< 1l+,1 fi.< "jrq :r'r<n -r<r' i 'lrft< €c' {<'ry' . "*" "; "#" -. .*t-.€ n alP!{ "lf; -l"ln1"! {rifqi !-i !E1n FtFid srF 1rf:r fil:l T.1nn.l. l<|{l'l ,lr<t flrl aar +rr +!r- '.;rl Er< s]n ni; --fiiftiin , a.rl ?1. 3:n' "co <- io '?< ,''ird )s '< *_ 4G 4r! r1n j .t *.* .. .{< 4'3 * 'l "'F "4 3 'd3 e __16 ' T', rl.rrl: -.:1<. .a q-- ..: ! ""'-t ' ' "' <1 a*,.n r, rtl 1<1 .'1"r' " '.-3 ''1 ' aE'', a"-t "{'''', g"r"e.,a*"rr" "f"* "rFir. 1cltt 'rf iig -rq t:rr E<q "r?'fu n'nti !.i< !-,<.lT ot ..,11?s sila- tl otoEl o.-< rloil o6nl +a r1rg h{ 11n11 .flffif!- rx]n;:rfr q afl fic 'ilr iE Z'-- ndF ETe or-i 1raF "r:7T <4i nF '+rEi.i.F o,_i-l5q (hou!ht epeljmcrrr) "lr:a3 Enr'n ('lLrnrcl 'll<" ,tt,=* a**-- lsu'frce rrcr) :ry-" ffi e r'na< +e{;a "ilrflqi F qIrn' .;; --fu." ir< c ,r<.orlmd"l lqtu ',-r<i4t- fli-dd€ ql.il,-ltn qlr iA.6r+<- {r<c]< Tl3fu.ii qi-filtrr< a s<'61 <ie -r4qF qrliilt. .'r elrbl< rf']" r offfili li.il1r i''! 'Ji1i- fi--"r El n{cr t€€ li+t< o<rs r:n.r. ft.d qltr q{'-TF r.< r l<3m l<'F el'rq t,TI 5; ,fioDtT'. ,1:. .'a.te' -.',1< -' ""-P ".:-'tL l ':i:- : a...-. ".:" ,..ra ''r, &< o ,, '< ' 4i-1 ,' q>r.. ? "+a ''"^ uit ,n< c+nl,r-tsti<e a.ie-.!< .rB. .!-il !F .j€ "fcfs[fiI;< oLe , 'n 1i-' otrl or a <a eliiiit' ol <ll?I]] ar:< <"ft$l .rift i-<.; o']nnE.1i o"-:li rq ali. -''e':r qi T!II< 'Ei!rri! -t))Js =)+-+- - g gC a.C/C)
  • 18. xi nln, qr5rG-oEtrr, 6s f o +ft ofdfifur* arc T(il jr..rn< (Ffr ,, iE, <ltffi .?,r+l FG qrliftftn ('tr{fi{in, .ik.t pi,n.n? ..! FiT.{ odte, <'fut 1ift r<r r<<*,..-' rcatZ .Tr<rqt <'{F. qr<r< qlififur " ai {.,nF,fiaiifu-ql, "..-l l.rr+:qfu.} r.tui ar.-.3q nl ffd:nc .) ) ,! n-.r6 1- ,a^,,atr-aa:a Iifi sa+< ,sitr iitT< o13 gm rroir rr- E<< r+rr ...1;3 a4r +-ira,Tn? T€-o qdiffii-5 ar 5i1 ('tIiIfi,ain q {4 naEi <irTr !q=;riir lllo<&ifl.E b.! s.-si ffiE .,,.4-< " d;'rr,.? ( a. -.r -="1. 11" . -* ",. ,.:1J:. ra .8" nF ii.{,< ,l.I ofi- "r.-,e,t ?s ffi ,r1li jirr,r.r , r : !n qd 1r. ,i (< -rra4 Eql 1B< ,,Er:t € <iz-< o.l1- .l rqm q._+ o, {,r.r9, tzs< nftk <iiFif-{a rag-s< lkfirE ,5tr .n ( .rri erri .nr4r rnl r,r q16f,rr1_,r .I g {r.iii ,t1c{r t,.n <hli{ii {a-rii.ain .6< ol<.i qg<- ..l ,:l qria ii-t< ,c <llk"rri , {ti :rli ii4tri .' , ",; ,.i;, €r..:rE il"trr.:r! TI.{t< ai'z. ,,..1 ttl ! a.4 - , r!p. .nb ql-atL7 fr 1,r ,,"." ;..- ,<). --.<.:. ?-: ! 0 , {- . ^F,R :,:? , sr'<friiq c .rE q5rT{- qrsn a, ,! qa{< F{<F odi a,_=,q< .{aTn orffi. ir- a- sraqfiai aal, ,riq.Ecfll. s;Fiii o{ qlnrnr nia2r <a:rE Aaa. !-t:aifili{r- "r.ion+< C1t 'f"roiin iia,.< 1.]l +.d.F .!i n1j.1 iibt- +F"l q ;lifu-,r<: qlrfl !! sq.lfi 'E+Il. ,rs €li a4.znn s.Er- qfi.cTI] 1i"t-r.r.< I?rci,a1 1.[ nii m r>i q(d sl"|a4ftaF€ s.F qnrfi"i q-set fi-rn FE q1ffii,i fi-r lEio -r_ouF l:r<Gr."F q-]lia+ .lan€ .il qrffiln !r q:q< c.rq a- iFr. .]Iir :rT< :n q]dEqtr ,lf"tE ..t _tllLfifiTf,j € ffirrF +jlt-ra"< qiiF.m EE{ani a+1E irEr-a r =r:<f;F .!r ni,i <iiera< eEft- 1F] {ra F{ie qtiil--lii r.?t+l .it (i iE< -q<r qliff{fo:.ni eqr<- .i i.r3nra< .ai.6 q.i- [ "-.r I l<"-; | **rl (.:
  • 19. {i-c { I?.iafi 'ta{:r"n o<m qfi+ q|olIi f't;n dr iaeii FII49-1{.iE q:]<l (,]r!lq er ,! $aq re{sl i e?il.l ",? qa'Taq n -i-.F . < 4rd ? a 6{a- . <? 'rE rf r a9{?. f{aF 4a '"8-5a ca ff. *iaE <rg.< S'le, € {1]f $ "EYfu< ITrq r.idEt< llit 4vr{l Rtal r,*,j€R 'n1- aiFfid (iFEn si]Rr E(o 1r{ri :x {iaE< JTni-IF <l 6nrrF er-< FiirrF <iflq3 fustr<< i] ?l ,e.nl ?.{l !l1l ft'6 dfl9 :r?R ,!ntl Ts +tEl E1< E< Fan Et<'tTa.l 'n,,1 eFlri J<st< Ftro ,lTa. o.F F,fir- 'n{ €rll.,1 l?[+ Tanr 1E aa(n <i<{n r*a ir< n]fr< ctal rq5 a"Tn 41< <lu< aar+ 6{ r4r ,iIie; f.s ,r rtr'"i ifi €1ftli f'le$il "r'r-.. qr.-$ oKl-, stir<i v odEln 6r1-F ?r,!rq r<z< qfiffi,tr 5rlftsB '. ']Iirq] e51i Tdfi:r rF{ai r<j.{ T]{. <6r-<i q]I,] {irsi q-r+ iI< ,t-a<rfli di-Tn= ac }6fi4 <.di q'5fi's 'lFlz-< rFaEe iirr lhfiia+ {ir,n -i'< }lr<l'l .a!rc eiihft.r nr< ,sirrfif-n E"fiiEr4l arl 15fa1! !ln'i az<iqzen -lle f<.a jt'a 6lfii;6 €t:j.r l6fii xi"n.l Fa.IirE! fu€ <d(+ t'= ffi i eE]]ts<l _ , t=.1 dT _ 4,?-V-a 7 a-4 , ',l ,', !-1-? :" ' iaft "rl-1a{.n qrTfu ? in'g6 irTfu. g,'irirft+ aFEl+ ri.; {aa ilfo."j:jri] ,:[r ,r<i f.rp iinF aar -tt< ,F4{pr;< i:-q efi6e .E1r-- u Et<i ea.(n fiili; .l:L<r4n (Prrabolal rtl a.iF +6 o'.1'r ofe fi4. +r<fu+a "r-< iira ft+ trfi,f..n 'r;lire lri qq.t e-i<EJ<.F,,an ttrrTc 1F4i-r- e]n''l ri< qs i8i: inlrFFj <.l1qn <adqi ,!<i e.dtI"l< <<q fi< 11+; 1!i "i5i; rR.duc(io !d Absurdunr) sdlq ffi eqa.r <a- ann a:l "Tl-,<la<l-T z{-ar1ff< ,a a+F o34a<'r E<t f(i qlrF F eri. .i ,<iTair gf! !<! ,ilt<t'<l'ir -iri1iT4 i!g-q< ri-i1+"1 . o . -.i* qu ,,ro , " ' ,"' -.t' " '' -a4 n .'6a1- I fr'a6i_ a+i{Fi), "mto q$o "-, cj .!r i.+Eer.it .ii qdF. {QE ;r-;,<rat< aFi,lr qEf<- +fi aqr., r<i'te'rr- o'lc;l i-!rr aqli- ,Eq4- (E,j] 1r ftg6) rltra i'r€ n ft<6 ffi g,ar fri,-.< .-lfiE-n.,1 aX ari -rr-dh. o i{o. qI:l,i a"r-l iiTil,,3i 1-€r !ri6 rlflir <l <€'rE "f1fir"r ""1i1E s,f-ffii {E x!- 1rm -r €Llq aai6,r r<i i e:nl Te=E? Il"i <rfu+ 15fEi ffi qE .r<i.l <1- 5ll1 q.rl .rzE r-E ,In[-P1IF a!]Io =f{fi6r,,r .q.fu+ "iriiia- ,if,Ir ,mr{F ln4i (Nlclhoils lr.rting 01 lechrnic.rl Problcnis) {r. ez{< nT]a 'llelll a'llQ ( 55 Oarl {i-Tn dt'ta6l1+< RlaLii .'IEzt< ce<+q. sirFr q!fu il;a:r3 15fu qllj: n-]{l]raq ! l]f4-n:nt << qllni.i3 Fa-l llr<l 9,!E 5F.1. ?Ir"iqr .I. qft€ .r'li4 6 'r'riEl< (on Lln' sphere xnd (l)lind..)ir+ q'9 !1'r 'i< j'i esfr j3"l1ihl rrfeia q',iiFift- ir,ilo iiag ,ran "]5f; I fTsaf'rt .!1T; Jl{4ilrl' 'l5iil- !51.ifa<r fi ar'l4afr 1ro.fi Ffi a fil-i:ir5< 1i-r 1a3r (grerr.ir.lcr 8e'l :< .../.r.rr-.! .1^,,=.6T:a. , "_:-. i'". "-F,. i
  • 20. .i rtrqr-l {aEn <ag< c5]]l a<r E6El ctT'irfi {fi4r,4 nfin tqdi< rurr.fs = : : ).:td.,qri. . TEnrrr .ff7!'g:, aan r'Ea ?rr+r r+l* r ., ra _-tr T,i^! 3:sl" 6aaq1m -0 e1 5a<aae F? ,rirEr .,:4f6tiirn .,IlT,]r< oA fl< os+r@ EEF-.iis qnlifai 16fu.o E!].r +a<fu-{n qiififqr< .nf{i fiw<< thii <'.iqra.rcq qnlir.i s?t1d Enlq flsn< rJa.s !3 qa4r4 5rl4(i T6ar;r an. -l< i zllfuo r{ffi 15fo'(<1 q(rFl1 nrcthod) ;ilris nifi q,mr sra,l stfi9E {.. s]E 1e (€ "[98ffi Bft.i -ro.iF< (fi fr.o stftyir la{E{, fu )boq itafi q]l1 q< n]dt5rl fir ng< {{fi) EI< q'Ern fi.fl.Ii{an st1i5- i€{Il] {n €+y qE<t ,IlIq 91!1<n 6<aE fl1i , qffifuc fi c1.r€ $Emft q{fis qi..i,-- ,t-€i< "tfifiq +]rqra.lEl,;1r { €E r,n6i .{rx .ii+ qnftfrfti,l"t (ri&r. <r,nroF+n. wffii;r cqal m{< fiiifus i1fl.i q-tr.i {.a !n qaEr qr{n,sliri E?ll qa{r6t sdlq {q< qI{,1 nfiE <ci fi'ililE <rEr iic {{{6-nrc qrEi qara {a< En..]]fier enft. <-rraq €Hrdrf+{ri iltF q'[a]6.. ..fl{$ rqF (conic se.rion) rfi{ {i6o T$13.x nltr3 "r"ri e1 66r. tdj i<fuo {c-l€ €rgii< E{3 11 .qRF. .i"rdri qiR{cn 1ii'i"l fiftTr (5il 6(< FzE tr+a n "JJi]? € qnnlj cli Tirr art ?a< n'i.{<IsI< lellipse) "]Ia nr{{_rq 6r< q.{s fla?Fgt n]]<tr<l4t (parabola) q<F qffifui r:l a€d s( r-.saftFt, !n{€ (senri re eular lnids,VEAir ,fii]< fl -rirg) q1i'$:1< o(lfuqr sm <<fi qrq, r..reo to s )t aro;rffiE iF-s (T incared lcovrhed.on. toft n9.99 € )tE "11199 llrl qr.<E): oli i"eji i qrTii,< +t,ii ql qf.irsF sr< funqi Ml .ntr<.t tfii< ('tzlr.ql 1)55s {rr. Ti]lln liEtr) ,l qt< 4E aq€$ {cnq <sFra$tn Tritcin <t n]1h- ir. +1<.l q a,.r.E iB.<lfi-.r "fdr< Ti{a<l {a€1s <d ut<t< qtfta q1fu c <Effiq <T+lir;r*F {-rrr .Vo tri. Iqe. .flrar.Fii< a1E]{nii q_affi<FE€ id (G€.sfta,isE i{Fr {ifii-.! qr"rEr+:ifi )b,!i mIEn ii.q.:rd1n eiFl€ <fir) fto ']Ftr<q.[i qfi1- qfift< q].<r qc{s €r.]I]'i oftllre.3 !".g ',fiar <rvl{i ntal q T<'d .n qG6- qrart'il lal.ga+ q fu !<i <1o< fi''o< ritqa €fA qtr--l'[ ra <Fr. qsr E,!$fi Ii{{ qr.fan UGr] +3Ic fil qrlq$qfu<ln ffi '. qft6rTi q{4 (Heron) qiF6r EE {1I-< ']itr5lii hr.la , c<". re<E sr &Srrq i!r<<j sl<iirin (Er-rd 1ii< € q.-Tqftlt ""rq q< ffirr-< .q*ai 6.i "1 <nt tr]rri iEta6i< EIBris <_.rfi4) aa{r ftE rF .Er.- nqfu fir$.s, fi"l],]"- Ee"jlffi qm.r -(<Efi, .nF fuC.q< lir <lal firn a.b.c rti.
  • 21. a e]'Ei E1"firffi +<q 1ii-lfw_ qtolzn !3q€ eEta Tt<nE <i zl?"li- fugr_qi aFa+a A = a+b+c b+t-a c+d b d+b c 2222 a+b+c .qrff,], :1 = -"f-rt.l cl_1zrr (4{ rfqr.Er {i{|i ftlro cr ann <-ar fi.ii 'fl+si?FaEn a4t q-6ri6i-w< q{6 {ro -lrl'TnqqF lfiqa r...a1-< <r.qFrs nfa"nri qfiFIo qqra lF<l ir aa<a:F xfi.l if,!,lli ad"rf,,t3 rt{ast :fi1 fisrlil .s aitsliE.r< 9!o e .:awr+< .r:?.' llfl< f<r Rll oirE. nl?fl ii-aE aul"Ja ,El <"IIE <r!]l 1caaTi rs tra<r iinq]nro f-gF +z<rq tNlcr ha. hijxcked his- rory). {< s,1 ac Tara ifuain nD-r'li orrd {oi-F rtirror< }F,-qi}< oqn-td gFdraF nr< qiF,-r {,rl..,r .t!r]a ir< '{'r-d , fa{st< fiot <iia .r1l :fr. I+{ah= ( ffi. rqs< c< i}-rc'm s a-;ifu+ aiiEri it{l 15Ji gqr lt6ftsrlrFF (hlsrorlogrlfh) ) ii,Jli (+E Ts @fr. -l q-lq "i{s a+F 1?"s !,lir.iin <r rfiE -rir.o -fl- ta<rf:r ,rifzE< tfu{,Tr ,Ta!e 3rln'<l aqirr. PrL rg -."4 lir-r 'rld-j<t[n e?]l .!.,T,{ tr6.l -a <. fu €<-91"1{iio 'ijffiIF< r,.x sa3- llri:a qlfi+ol1+< .aiqn {k{ 1li.rftr {ir1Fm 1< iE"d'.m) F]€Ii< {{r iinnnn rEfrE aaqaqr-. qsb i rr{in 'liiEro-i T.ln erfiro ,iifl q{qtil {rt'Jirrl s6 <l]l-t ,;l< hsl< .fin€ '-f{6 e.JT"itr diof<.h 1fur- <-,lE(-i il€n J:ici€ q+Ean {s ,rfd<r fir-{ <<1aL..FBi i.!(o n !c" 8)0 SSF,) En Piq< nrai dff<,r fu-f..-n q fa-r d9-e ,sn1-1iEn q<l 'f4.6 .trEff Firdjn ffi (r"flFiitr]1ai a.FF<-,!i e- (co jc secron) i1+rc B"J"j1El TTrd aTetErt fr.n r. . .". o r< r"F-l qs i:4 {::<r 1 1 {0. < &:.3 .!rqrn{}c.r,ri t1flqriT{ ff-iflr fi,.< Fi.< "r<<+mr .E=td Fiia e -t-<Gq q< nDnF t"r< ar6 a1lE.an .-a;i oafi rfr.l 'IFtrfi ffi Fifi' silF:in (lIarie sophie cemain) ()cq9-)b-s) 3=i61q) -rrr+ q1i*r ${{r< f{<.aq ii€r'! 6r< 'if.6Fl Sii aa{&a-n {<i t6 "r-it{i l'.n-or ']IT.]fiil ei;!14 .rl!i tfl-,,te-n dr'td "f{r<.r {4ao $-drr- #a5qr@< iirah a< ,1tliri94 EfuTa-€i 6 ,51 _--,'-o sw o(r n-tnn.i, a-"rn ffi T{..{..1 ," aln ate. .d,-= nffa FtF+rFn a4+lt< a.ni 1!{{ dr{d .!<i @{n BFo< ,lila" !*-l .r6n iarn ;t< lr<!ql1q "itt nI< o.,To'< et* ,ii-ftlrFr .r.l araqEr<. rttr <1a< EF ,-6{c 6d:: lTn .a cg ltr"r< .as, .{-a. ,l . .r i i + nn [., -idEutq€ e{:rlE {i.ll <I4 ,:rft qci+c+'g<q oz<rqa rit< Eri<}. FII'F !1<I;r< dFr+ ii15to a{r1t slrii ciFi4 cr.,Br' (sofh,. (i.rmain Prinrcs) nnE sGii9 .rfl q{ (.s<it +):vnP{ft d1-+ I]i -T<E s,!o1iallfu6tain d1-lni ,nri )). at<q )) i<i tlr ltx))+)=tsl:!=ra? crlF+: tl.g qrnn !]Ta4r {nfr dfr4. Tr<q ti. as Esr-sl dii+) tF1trrl'i l?n-:r raq. <9 rg rG-a)(r r)G c)
  • 22. d6+ ci"nri rfF F{r.i I'lIr f;Lrf<!-4I r"F€ et1iftr aff} 6nni dFo ,("rll {aE 'a1Fd ,!<?F{ 4ail ),)8,1lir qiln.i l1q d1.1. q3]]] {'l: n = lo8o08))r,CXl))!.i' 5: <)ill'i. tr+5 = ic8oo8))rdxt))""' - ) € dl6i r irnli m1<iitr (Mary somerville , )qto )Ect $il-) I'i'l5Ir< '!65i clt 'lFr!li,i €ll (TE T€lo Iifi <arn ,!, arr{ ,ldfr q-5Fn €Lq" q+r(a'r< rrc- itF{r oIs< rfut,l FiEfn rrirP { ..{< Tq <I<? (.51i-ii6 qsrll (Ad.n]s) L;"F ar'. 5fO ? fl<6'3 +.{n qb "J..Lr! ,ir4 f.FId t, ! F ^ .-ez a 1.." f.<rii ", " fi. /-...a c -4a a a'q_:-< .- ,, -,!-, f -a-.a- a--3 -.-r- -i-2 <e]t i:lF< ilrrr,_-a.?ii fu{arl , cii an?l]< (llmmt, ,mrlie ^_octher, )tbt Sbeo Strn_Fr) F.iritE 'F{!1.1 oa<n. {3i acnradl 'irlrjr-ifnl -,fi qf{+ <r9'frzEr EEt,:r al{Fr !'rr er<}ln fr+< d4.i<"1r< 1il5- 6a{.E ..<!. d13 <{l<nr'r n! Elq .ir<nfi ..< nlils.llca< nftii JG irirF lEI fi&in (Hrnna Neunrlnn) )b)s Si'r.ri ffir:l[.E c"!l'r{iTF.fi '!n1 )i!t) qiF:ilrli'3r :fgl{rcT a1<n f-i EFE< 'rlqFr 5tr1fal.il J4{,il '14-{'ll ilrn.!<i "Jlao a+r'l(T<rF ir.rF iiF F?n ie]I<aiE qrr IF1 ()b.!q) <?1i uJiqzE-< Elr.i qriiig{ Iia 6a<ar ofuEim .q<r =:r& qrsr.{< 1l.ift.i erqd n|.+ fr-irl].qi .G€ 4ffiirr o{ft.< li+rl 4trcr nf-4: 1fiaft"< ra e+g14 o<na t<I1Iq, cq ii{ar if-{Pi F.r! ad'n Er {rc1z]1larir ( da Loehcc, )b-)a oi) 5]+4 {ilrTrE-r fifiE qfi of-iEirlTr l]r,l i3T<r1 .fi[i- E"fi !r<.. fih {i]14qa+ fir €F:]< ,l]f.lisr c +rft5rfr nkrr.n firn ntqll az{n <€E r;F 6',r r.E flf4ft+ "1ft6{dlr<. 's'-l]I aflEilr aqlq:i'sl? 1.ro<-, E! .il< -fi.! )bcb rr- (+fr nEn Fffiil< -]nl < qn <l{ la{rE 'A.lr' qf+r <r1i. as:rnF {i6 rlBifi ,lliffi, q&i .,rEBd (AIi.e I rks. Klv McNulrv Mruchly Anrcnclli. Edile GoldsriDe) s:.1":i-n ,]fLiiEa qaFi ffi.:l"i offi]< '!ft-at l tiNlAC t-,!n A€I{i <<i Fi?'l nlird q<qF a{r{q{ /En {(< Ifi (Gra.e Murful ltoppcr. )h.s br) n-'Fi,ni TFlni]i E]{I' 6Er<rr nI5? Efi +ffir< e>fe'te ii- ]ffi1 (r)Bol q{ EEK..- Gin ,!+!14 lFq 'il.i oa.rPi d ozq a{_a,:F qq-1F. .4xrer. iifi. ']rt=., <rdfi .ji<ra<n f<[5i 'dff{6. 99G ,ead q<", qT4sil<r. fil4lgfiG. q'rii".n. fii€i lrr i]!n, (nfnfuq. teir.r c9. =rra-rm s+ .11<rrr eL€fu ft-lm qaaF{ .r< "n5ra< gln:&Ln 'si< +]A fi].E]Rl< a<E{n rrE@.in a {4rnF rifr< Tnfur.n &5nt fti q+fi q{fflItfi rt6 Teit sFiPi )al 'EaE. toos flnE4 erF{
  • 23. elcl-{ q(6{c6Et qrl{ Tall .e fu r-r i<F! Tlnra .F<F, At-er, .! r ErtrrcCFT., rl-,a 6-F-Taa dag rcr qrl-< lBotr<'r< "jrT3fu6 rt{ -E <z< aolqt 1g. E1!i -l tGqq <{ €d 'rfiE its< iGq-ari r{{r€ Er? EI<. 'ltt(e< !}{!Iqr ($[{l ao]Int (F(c er-:rlqd (?lI+ eqs {cE€, lll]ES El6s1-41zq,Ri nnffi I q< s? frsr< xc, Tdtq qfr6q, srlqlG s c6;rrn .q"li rrir sE, Ttrq +rE lE({n Etn ctfi € fi< eimnl itc< ilc< r,r r1.tfup d< 'rcv BdqE. oI< Cii TEII{II+ IrFiE <qc ,or< ii{ # c'ftp ,ir:]n ,!T qqfur lq]r+. -g* cqqrr tr sln* iqt s$q +Ll qii:q< qrrgt aqr"r ftt<q <r-s EE q{<.i <iEii "fi:rr-r< E"l(.itil 4liiE-ft{r cpiFt 1rfi<l <lrqr ifBqc 1q{ et"trll. rirfi <l qr<t i qfi|< sR rq€il 1n Et< $]6 r!]Elqt< (qtr{ad< E"in q1s ;T< nlig.{l"Iit atE4l {F[si]-i E<rr cql+ 4rEn 6fl {a@ qrir $tr. !=.r{ .!i 'dafi I6a< ?f'"A.T' <ET]l{ m.+ {a'r" slrql {'t{F! "nbocn<ro li"m dCE dtr<r +r{d8r nnfuo +re fiI{ fi({ FG'm I1aBr Tll rqJiz:r "tR< tmw e<r, {Tr<. ti"<l +t<l fi-ar e rdpuo B&s o<ru ,Jr<r<. {ltE ilc<t <l ,tfieoG t< fi< f{@lld< sl qfi Eraifn srT<fu 6{tE "frn, qrn Ii 4tr{l Fti liEh fllili4 {fur tea$ri {fi sI< ane Mrr 4(T{.lT< (E(q 'r([< ieErri o{aE nt< q jr< qlm (r {]r< 1qt il]r< { (1 q{]i 1i Ttu6fu4 {<!tq+ s q€ql €{Tr6ii [)beol i8
  • 24. eFlrq(5{rtdvtsl ftsiF . [q <q 131{ ft-",e- qfl<< T(E m{(q ftE ]lB dqo s{&- eftn ft-T(] qqFEs oIffi --n er;id <1iqli ,! ERi.<ai a{l.iE: aa,ilffi a{RltE s$-[i in etufu "i4 nlrTj'i 1fi c3Tr (dri o.< q]rs qrs ?r6i{a]IE fiEE ir,!T< ?F*{l E€i- fn, qie]T a{rn ar< qT(n< liFi:Jtq fu(Tr.iftI-, cata. furoqiiG q<r 4.1 q(r,!1, eXli"i, l]n]. qis Ei1i.o. d"r.!-n dlItrll ,tn.o r rr, -.,r. ,rnT. xrir+-a, < Eire llr,t.ordl, ;.r. <5;-i4 ,lTni,rJ,), <j F;a ...r.{ ,.rf r -{r. ?{- {d. c, ilialq qf- rnsFti {<( mATn fisflfun r+{fln ri- flFllo< c+E 1?nE lr ttl <kIT< T(!l nFlfia{ qE? eEfiE {t.rl(q Fr r6qza. 6En acqii oilq'fi-ir+qs iTq ?i,s]l .m< a, fiFr (< ru!-r ,i13 {r, c{ri nkE(r]< FRI ir{ai' ,l]lfi TI[6i <6{r Tqrs ft<q {{EI<I!I q(rif< qfii qta4"Finte q{<Tn oat +'il ?;< -qre dqle q(<, q6.IE ,:4rd or< fO{. <tcqm 4!rql, FJIaEfu, ThT{qn, Arcl, q.in-rTg, "r6R1t<nn, (qffu{.jtB etsfu Etil elrfao ql tET .?r9 ({ F6d [.-n+ "ra,-:? .<- E m 6a61 .,]Ed. :Td ? dTC{C-r Ttri irrrqn, ITfl{i-s wtqn Tcc dtni r-t{ CT{r E4, {T< 1Elts ,.{ fijerod+, eag cdErcct, qt<]< artl€ <i iistElTs q? ft68 {'.{<n !i{<"tn qii q{n-s qmes {.1< TE .Makers of Mrlhemati.s q<( ffi. Gr:EFIF TE .A Concise Hjr(r) ot N1lthemarics. s< ,llirrl f(]]Ei fu oiBl a "tz+ ryqr+ q{f,{ f{rrl TET <}:{ o(<aq{. Et< {'fi :te-rt4 "I('Ior .,1}s l1.nsTr Et- (T1 ?,tf-:ii 1tr{] ia{(q r Eri ftE slq, fig <6{, qF ftE jAlri El s"i|s<.i 6fio ar-Taq q-E-!< ,!l Tss q{<L,3 a-I, qiqnqB {{ 6r< q{Ti.t <i6 q{.8 E,qIn< -r{rr<q 6<l c{q r4l <Tsfu+"t F 6"tri t 3f{ <iL-T< (T} rFri-n? fiEq omt efi 'o@ wgg'lq31 1a6q {<({.rd aqtdi {j.4 T"<,i o}r +r-<8. q aFA rrE <-Ta 1i { aq ft6t< {trdi ci.<q u:*r1i, )bvt 5lol +tQ r{eRl-d c{rq{
  • 25. EEiT 1R[EC q$i(q{ ,tq-R (a,r+l <i:rF {t-_!.1 ErrJ qfu qrtld qq< 3l.r -rfir :rEI rii eEr<:ii An, Erris {€i-B 4T F ,ris flq{ erts- E{ E-!- F $r 1l{<fi+ € 4:iriq4 6<il Eti n.3 q3€ Ellij s<-.Elej< {'1:f{G {<"ii (,] ffi f-. Er< 6r-r^' e|€lrT a'tcE eXlF 'ini <f,5 r iEi -Irri4]3 rln s i':Ta{i eElflre q]tE 6E q<i ?E{ 1]1n <iT- E<t n]rlil-'} qR lfi [?rlo irJr- eq< {r'1 nEl lrqi q]l.<q' (?1o B<fl11?', ..lr€ in.i tc ali qa lttiri <Ei slrrr]3.all 4i {(,r< Is fl6, a, ftir : <ir,. lizr< sr+o iln ?'t:e.?4 | ?-A'-. !. +ra::a:5 1re . 6+ 'a{:u !7< ,?]1o tqrll {'fr-. i'lni,fl!] -nrq tli! T(< (r'rE. {r.d< ll 115< alli4l, {6 r+e<t< tIiI, x(qtri E:al. ,JE< 5l-1. aifl {ni.-".it."q lit:iiq e+ {rlrE ftE Gr< &- ?fd+ ffaR q4 ?ri;{ ffi{e 1ig ff<e <tc ra nr:nt q<rq qno ciqre {3- 4l tEli.fts1 {41 {R. Etqfitf! qJE{ 'q-iri<rit{ iBIi1ftfi {r,al -iEft aE"]irr -.it'] (na.]€ l6n r-rigti 51Tr. mr",,i El etfin esa {a't< (F(i nln eiqr T('r< rflo qf,ni a-rfur d,f;< .r?l sL'Fr {aTfE< qnir-c qt:t3l4li Ii<l nafi .qqln eqrn s]!E <{ 'ttTEdi T--. ^cn< rr-{.-n. r ffi,nr,5?-ei" i.,, .ca:.l "ri-" f! .r!1.? .f..,. .L1 ;tt-tvt),- ! 1T?3 n7-3 -! %,j ?]3-a:n <rrq", aC .,. " "'a . " <* .+- : -_E i;. , . -'-. r<F-; <E< yrj I1B? ercE rs{n 4ait. <+rslq 6:rdrm, sr irfu {E, 5rir {.., nllne({l. sI{+ 'lE. rl+l Ell1l ?e-G qs.er ecEf{!r, qirnftfi r qt&q< qrr+ ct<? n Z-u <p- qtr6T€ ci qca= Ga . ai o ei.r!; {.1 cqir?fi. {c 631"tF iiea n(1j*lr llriqt rTlr: 1ai q]?rp cir.T] fii6.1$ q{ FLT+ii n= Eq qt<s lEq alc,I ftrF.i q?In cI r.Tfi
  • 26. 4q-r1]l. Er<fi E(n 6r{ €.1 € C$I']< Atatrl] riif l9 L rcnr siE+q c{rFi i,_-T{<q f,-€{t ({aE ntr< , qr< 1i.s13 c'fE : ,!FRl (-!$), ,:'l(Es]s (F) ('fFer;l-qfi]n (Gn), (,iI5ElS a1lrsl4 (51<) arftq] m? ('fi-q , fln (,!T), ffii (E), e];;{' (fin), T{rn-tqrr (Er<). 1-rd-ets<] (iTD). elim ef"ri (cn) ]:"lTo 6{q € d.lqJ ei{rrd< TIq cslrK <t<qi r;{.ls BE {.{ ed r _!1F< <1{',F 6flrd 1€Ti rc'd1'-.t c,1 tr, !<. ,.rr<, F. dli"i qtn]Iq< {r n($t di {r5t <T.sit {i1i cql,l 6|< 1.s< {i1F< ma il?u <T.q qr<t< ,-tr6 4+T lr.< El ql (1i-l), fu. F3 (fuD, 5r< q.i ('f.nr) ?-sffi eli-$ rFnE <-T.q c{:]a, u+tTi (F.l 5IE ,!T). <l+l (F q< a ),ffi1 (fr.rqR 'ir6) W qi<< 1{ q.,1ii6 r.r-i< (,Lo,!:E$irGft Tnrlrc ti'Tr<qi {it {-{,p I cIT{ B{EG1 (q- s{ Eh.l), ffi (ar '{n rfi?) tetii I .+F s a4j4€ ffi1q, 1?r|! 6ai flc ,l.fnTn il ir-{ili .l.fd]lr T&,F qq6 {.< las qiliT.< 'lqik ilfuc m1l rE cs{d. 1in Tf;9 n< (ddt) i1$r, r< T& qd (snfi) <E{ ffi r-rt6< rJrrr : r<i_;ri :],.itr t-;I s€ 'Tr1- ffl . r{4. T?, nrD. E l, {& eryfu< 1BfuE ,lq4< 6riiq 'fl€{r r5r1p fu(.ri Tri. (qful-ni nt]li5i q<i laailr"l< r6+tE< ft,i-Gfus 1q4l B(Er,rIn,ll {flik c ?,Iffi|{ {"8 e's+ 'tfie (t)oo ilrt f:<) qfu,n izd<tr-,llt q:l{l ({ ?i c,rr+ts ca fiFfi qr< qE ftfi6 .!T rta' {I{arr< qsrc arl clfi. ,!ETe erfir flfit"]idiln (Infii+aliqir) {slERt *-<nF sTqM. {st, ,lsl. , srn, T'fu er.o.fu-o vlqst g. :s, :t. ro elE6a eE <r-{{li a13 {r1} ilrc.tfi+ r$rq fficl< qt"t <l 5tfi ctTfi.ti E?rl nlirg j,rm rq.rlt. infi Fiie <r atd mt fisa, irfr i{ ryF{ st{n lea uE.] "iq?ri<a< q]I'le q-E,rh3 cll-i (TETtfi !tii3 lrl<; {< si] e]&] +1.r< q<rr< fii ri Efifl -rr9] Ffia (:E< Fci qrrffJ {isr t"R q<n s16 jil! ql'j stB 19 . E.F'|< (E;-i q< li(E:q Ei q."-i Tr.qt s< (+ qo q(,1 2itrE. qre {Tq{ si-ii.9 F1,1 aqd s"lTcs }otia 4 "trcs sr" s<- cntT'K kq]j <T6E. il.T5 cq<. q1 (Rr<<e qqirr, fu" 1rsG qi ersB ?G Cr qfii e$inTTi aerr$i (Tnii,. iTq et€:< I('tc €irfrE 1E-. -t< cj'Nlq "fl€{l a'rF )be q {F ffiflf.i*< qe'f.= rq$fir qftlq i an .n". rr< ,df,r6< {]ni1< "r1[.1I< "To lf'& e{t .!T1e qrs (R,rdius) 'll€s ('iaQ, {re
  • 27. 'ifiifi 'r€1< q,'srqrG 6,r F.tn 3-,np qsln i6|F 6'i 4D qrs fi fi fls]{, ol<fi Eril <s {s flis tr1l q{ft! G-]fr ?'I(T "1","f -I< fii1]trEr qnfi 1,lfu ft.r'Rl El'l€ i$ {ffi 4Ii Eq 31I$ I]5t;r 4B[E qi ..2r- {.i <4. q]Io< q]{{ ed(s e:rri .r €j{r 'JqnE Fflo arlraE, El fhi :iT-e atrg 'ia< $1<s atr's {aE. i]Isi sT{ erd {i"r5I< 1iRr. aaF,€ iir.tr 4{]jks q{{m q3E <-riliS E.l Jr<i ilIE< e"l € cn,l i?Cilrailr nT?X.[ {i:,!I f.idli 4tlE{ i?Ig TiI:i aqB <p< ?..< qrfin ft{i l]<t FE d(Er q{{E{l T(1lspizrl-"e EE E{ .Etriii r]11rr". iri ("r) <iil, q{i, nz] (c?rrl. a. (F. {!r) elJii nlz ffi{ri{, ,F 5;ii.,. <r <<r+< -.*6 eE 6{t llt sv6n itrri e]n (aE-a), i-q. <ft 61Er !6n) ,.1r1lqlr]); qnr5r.r. I1l ,{r ('li! l?a,t!), :fli (4E fu--ra). dfr C--fi q'3 lroi€r]ql Tr <lfr) er.s-si ,r.t nl-<itlnn iiT TcraE ,r- "rii{"teF iiliri {i,Erltr etltr IE'[- {'alE-; -fuT.it le i"ia r<,. fi iir+ &,8.1 -fl <"T.E. 4< (a[$ fi{ ri.]. qi-n{. {Fl.ll- € iiirr'or< Trrl riq?ia ;-trfi T?r ft- qfirtl &jt;r< {(n j3}l {"lrp q'irrr 3I'r rrrtl Esrr< € ffisqrft ai,m< drn+t. 81ft,5; p rotcl ise< lir =,?+ qll. ftAlr. D!iq. ':+:1-1a !<i :. s. c. it. s qyi,j n]rlm r",rfiE etu€ {r"{!r i-E qe {rf- .iI,ir e,-B't-$tq crZ+i:t. :r.1. -t{itfq< 'ti'i ",..i q< rq fi(mCq< au?l t;EEq r crF5 ({t4t i<( <j{n]tl-<f+tql qqiati .tj tl.j -aert1 ?TtrhT +ia<F(fi f<ili zu '.qj lt{Ffi-qt']3 -}r+ rtrer< liir€ uI ffii "fssR e'4n fiit >rm qtjt:l {afi ;:.tTr€ o=jfirq. qfufl{n € reiineF< qtfur< Iln -ir qr< <q?f,{< ntr Erh -4aE ,iti- riF€ rsle ahr.F r,rir ;,;<r.lil 4rr- 6fi {j& . el fi- fi"1aj q-51 q-sin ?F."rE-r u?r< arc1i.n niF*q ."*F .'r'lq'r.l €"Fr+F t-iiit+ I<9 (l( T5 1.s c 1qq1re3 qiq]3 A1T 6s{ {il
  • 28. frq{ ffiruEh {RJIfrfi lqfi s Qo, iw ql&! <4raai lt(,a q(rfil Frn .rg f<E I qiiE qiTl (cr)- .$ ,e$, ft (p)-m E?, qwr (r-.$ q-i qn( FTal (K)-(o T& TCa fir qfl <p I ,!n qc? qRii 'qt<ql' qqtiti 84fi .ffii crcE "tt< , ifrr G! .< (ftjr) qGT (qr4r) ei) Tl+ (flar) trll (q-rED .r .o +i (r nrs too J.o '.qr4€ ar{r q<-[ i n-i,u< qd fffi- <E!]fu <fi!'i FKq, q< -t. aar4g ni1qrF .!T:1 ari'i fip! qrg lTt :ir..rao q1<B o.ftil nn i :?,?, .rt[r .".,....t. < irn r r. 1.r ., -'..3 :-n= R "- ,a {]l [il;e]a. Etm's, {iT 4EiirrE rl] Iia1. [.163 !lr]r <t< ( )t) {l|n e-r lce a;{ri Ir1i6 "alt< q,q .rp EFt )i 1?-< jr E-11 t) {<.|4< fuT{ e-r i , ? . . . ! '-'- !. t, .i " . "'f..,, a r,.:.=1r qa ..r8. ) 6]I1E ). )o. ).o. ).oo ier-iq $F .r, i+E Grrni-; liT 1fo' 5itr, ) i e 4I< 7 . ,r;i: : a- )L : : <.r ) taa )oa o.a -i(?1 ta.o 'l:18; ... qis]I< ?i6i rrlg lr-1to tnE trrRt. I-l .aj--4n,-"'6. < '--. "+" Ci-b:.. E.r. "a" Ca- aAl .<",2 Fii fi-lrs (aE !8i q-r < 'ra'flEF eic{rs- ri -ttl firl rtrE. nB tt<ri.li.hEll] idn .ti .tp-a. !,-!. (r.l fil=al :trE- )rrn a.r[1 "rt,] k{TI'j el El,l i?€ n-6 -?l
  • 29. (<|:IF ft1ri 15fucE (hlitlI. Lrl4, i]E. r,'1. "ls3B, 'J'. +lEcll ql< icitl<3 "-E 6= StrP.- I?:AdI l. , X. L. (1. D 'ql< Mr eFlI a?ll E< ..'-{ t,Lllll ,*e46?'i (4i > tl. -In t_'eafr'3 5 ''Ib. ijp< qrt .!TF q,ifi r<t{+ 4r+3 ii= lil]I EF Fd*, :r{ <e eislr< 1ffrfi q]I't q]iG F1 <ftatr (xl-t DAi.t, ,!T(""< =(,1 stifu qr <Iii:-{ rct +<i; ;llFr.n,s< o:rl qifu qcot <ftc-.t rt Dl rrru q< qtor+< qr1 qEfu ,!F1-; <Fr(]] lat ) {{-,.1 (irl a ?f- $t1'1! <i ,!$ aqR ,art tn"is-l ().8E-) €,o-n {Ft< T[a]il ,i.i.l (o.hi9),to !l"g.an l! DILI. ': 'll('l I ,a< r?r 2l-! '1- ''4-- 5(a. 3' 'ql-' f."Jr r.. f+'i{l FI<Frqi ti"Jr tc F1l< afu ."a, tl-{E qll xl. (<( xc qt< Ix a< linr< irFtrr Fr! <9 'r<r,!l Frll gr<s <1lar':ti< < fir:l _rtll <r(!+ ,!. t, 4<t .{n,rtn 4-,.l] a,-< 2--<<7..' )(! t ie.{i a+{i -fi € qt-rq {an {"it< Ifo{ <'- ,t]1< q+'it ,!+- F. iii{. Ft< qt.c< EE :ri.,!+ rnt <, irr qr,'< "tro q1.4< ("irsli)i ql< E i. idl flgR {ri- 1'.1r.ift{rE (. t-antT. El 1< r't< faqrr< qqlF< ,1. . 44, a<. C' C!< *./a- ,4T:- cJ< d'nr ' " . . r'FFrn r a: - ,t' < n-(<I-. :.. tr-! i3.ca t: ldt".,riJ:m tno, t-r, "u 1p1 r..je.,1 c'< 114 +a< .'uEqfu a1.:t 1 r" .ft"ro 6rq <!otz< q$ {Elti{< -lt&r viltc ,!< -.ri]'r'i -Fr5- .,a< fi1zE (6rJl rl[i o .!< {c,1. (€ fia',{ l) (i rr-l r6"Itir {Gl itE{-u1i< gii+. ql< 1fl4 M !l< rla. a.tt !] {aq {5Tl<. "'l-. 4:<} ar_4< r. :': r <. :i. q " 4 ltqE E1'l-. (r[n {< atlsr ri]ir { (_< 4, {.i51. ,!l:l .lt4+il D srl rlcal {(4 it'-ornl< ! fra. st< r:j"r'trr N1-q< trq <r4 aidai< liF {c"J <ifi- aI,". .I- i { -'.< .a{B ?r<i. :X(n.-..'r' r-:2F:3 r- " '(" rr< -h1 t:Itr'- Fll. ,fr. qn. .'w 1[tf7. t', ' .l]? a-- -17< -aLt3. .il'rnr .!cr4l fi1<]< a<"ilrc 6t= r+..< f* eni+,.1'E nFn- ltr:r(s <ai<tpal. 6-.n aqni =ft- r'rairo qrs< Grr tiifiro< .-re 'F.t?' )r1:r.t. -.1 . P r":r1." 1.rD. craTn.a.;" xi41 irj. 1I4i< Eit qflal iD? (0) <Fal< -{<'.< aF{o a{'. .i-rr. a{]{rn. q<<i i,-]ii.rs,s --$i r"-il+ S"r'tA< q,re-, q--tEs [ii{C 4< (?,T< i-1] -tig nrA 6" qr .J1"]< fua, ,!i q1i qmE nrr-a c] af]ff taliB i- -i<'! qJ{s Ri,,!l a.J?I GlIs .4tr<.!--6d elB {5'< [E-e 1Tei3 <Ea{< traS 4ilMl :u€,1{ qrr.fi q<-tl. di .. rE<. ir <r<fi T[il :rF Et] {r+ ia. sl.rr ,*i +{tt:l ,:+Fs aorn.s q-n r- gr-4rl "l ii4< oEl 4rfae E-:l qll5l L!T+1i .€"eT JT,]l, e--<,O. Itfrl. ,<_r nBIa, {<i q-13€ -lniil
  • 30. aF"rl€ ffin fiI4< liil]r< s<!E fr- T{.{l >tT{ a ggl< Gfi TEFeIqr ;;IIqi 4ik Tit Fl1 .nir etf{E €r?ir Etit4 5,{i "t!{q ,!s, ,q€tl mTai ) ei ?ftn,q 'i.1, yaT {rl.n q4r{ e<( rE?l 4irn ElEl< fiF ocR €lt< 4lt4 ;i -ra q3 Efi fo +r< >t{d Fi- . -lanp,. ({rot ai:lr.E leEE Ttfli Ftci Trr{ T.n TFT JNE XZAr (qrd .. ). t, ... b rii tslrs 'x13, -; "6. e.llE ,fI<, qT< L!F.I]'1. Ea.I, iz< h-aJ -r"al qqr< r:r -t€ Ftr",raq r: q<,s Er(4, i E1i,i frTir rr6lr{i, !t< 'r(r< ,ltrl<. !-< 'trn<fi EI.t<, EiTl siirdj ei s< 1i:' stro Flt< E1iitIT tit4 A-F,3 )l-r,tt qtffi< dr+ <lrlIe <41 adt tF alqtTr fuaT f,ir:rft qm drctr fiq. -f,ii i-n aroF I][('1;I {isTI< -t{n Frrs {Eh qrir "f{cr n]r5rfl "r,R Ft:i yn}i qFl dirs qi .,-ri ,!.r.Fn Fri]5 s]til Fii, ni?B si a<.rn {i Jri Eiii< q-rr,2lql aril q(<i aEri n ?E qfi-ItirT ,l(r,!j iirn rEir fiel.r E-{ F.l qt< ql] <r lon qi5R I]..z{ qffi ,!Q TeIrF-i t rzc} Fr_r< ,rn o*+t - 'kcr <g ".< * lc-a -_. ) 4,_!, j *--r-2 ,- j -. e j ae[. .'., -. :- .-t: '>-:. ,:-.',.< rt(a , fn {2. rF=-a .J:7 ,3 c n a 1d:a< aFEflq {[ ]iilrr r]1] (ort nqe q q<.o, or{rq rit- 1<Frr Fil i qti.- q4f 1T {0) ({"n 1E q-irh. {l 1 F aFa<i ,.- .tira{ ,J5fon cJfi .!"1. e< !T{] litFsriTn ,iEt l-s q<qn <i fufaF, cqet+a qtrfuo iF ,:.r!1,,-tiit"j .qFi :]I{ i !,<.rl Jrt qq]il-,i, Et6,t< E]rs;..3 sllE -E. Fl- ,o:]f lqli au as qqlTl rqta ,rl< F.aaci,q("1 c..a rrl]]: qtd grE !$ (?.ra?F +< ";i= i{ rir-: vr -51 {l 6.Dt T(6! qt--trI rF , ,r< c<il 6t ti:<r< <l TF {t",qR F{+_ri etag:n -TqgiT (+Fe ;,1",T ja4i clt- aI lIF.c a] E.fi.r el"fiL- e-aT,] -{t {E _Qffi Efu.e- il ,!l i11:i ?EfiI- ,+tn€ lrr a,t fte ,ilaai z[n< :r[{< q-icq! o.< f_i- fl.3 qai< qtzill E-.!_,1'Ji .!T 9'l T-{i; ql{[4q- qa1 F.iFr+ lt].r 3r.n .a[:]IE ,!Is aa'r ,<-rl,t c.i-e]l,TT $16 -"ti :lix,r.-rT l;i]Mrot X< ,qaql n-_l {t ,!rla
  • 31. )oc "Ercm ) il+l! qlhll-eTlld< S] 4- 'i{{t. Ei 'r"r:fl, ,i]E 'rT{1. I;3 ':rr, "i1r.i "HI] s "i?Ftn 'Enri Sr rE cl]r(q ftq< li1<m ln:l l+rr< EF ?(T 1.il4]i rri. utsn< F1 €q qiaE c{(E @r-aai .l' Brcl. et6r< BrTl tsii ?"l! o{(o za irri E{ qr5r< {rrr.r fun -ar i6{ ?rm fi1"r< qtqr'ti nLl qal< {ai R{ q1 eiTql< <l T<liEr q$fr e:q16l]Er fi ijrfa{ E a.I q{ Fir{r. qA ig.n ,!4oo tc L:a {-1rtan t3<. .!o.ooro f irTr ig.iir ,!-orst? 1t€nr Elrll ig!r- sarsr ? q1 'rirfl iq 6fl :rr"p (n qrrlrrs {(q qTr6i 9l.i Erlis ?t FiI.i] qTs tffi]i. rmre , q Fi,n< cr qlfin Als, fo,, r<mnr< <iqs flm,(E,n 'j-.fu< crn ]1q q Itr rtEi a<,3,1 {re ({Ia ["i i].T< {an 1ll <fuar 66 frl ql ,i]Ii< .qvli aari:i {]t(qi {< r[it tr] < qar+1ag qq <ft(-.1 .roc r(-q fiTfi 6fl c'lTs rnn (F,,t rrT6. q? -la{< srr4n T?ti (olatr olT€ rF &c6< s1{< Eqr Ea'il <ql ql,l ql-ln e-lTao< T$i qr-lT qcrs g(E ("..81? 3'rl E.Z[{ <r =r{1TTr ar1ll ('jrF. Eri atr fi-Et lilr a,,!.-o .!F. !l. ']i € EaTri fi€ fi1n Tm iia"i 9{ /l/ + bOne Two q+ EE fi.jEma.< EG{c-o
  • 32. q6{lr4n <lqg q{{lrd< aR .!T -lETfi "r(i fl 1+ii ii+} rqq'E +irq< qr6 ee]< ufim cq{ "fis{] !T{ + 1 , I qt<l< qr.rT.+< elq Etafft <kr< 't(<.4fT+ 11rtri eqIrc C!,Tfi- arl"flr rq{ {l{ 4 ?lZ5 qqlFi cql? {f,n' <, qfl <J<18 lilli]eF" s'l qlirn B-116lll ni",i fi"ri? ffi{ qq .6ls AT< c11l!" 6f4(,5 Tfo. 5'fi evt r(,sF€ ft.'li iilfi s'i ,r{"I {(-.r(E ,!i c..t-,+ qi-zi c<t<.l .'ir. -fi "i-fu ?in rl]a T]3aF T.< I(m ftlti-"]Efu rE r.{ft, or< q+?,1 f-r F(1 Tal m a:1. ll$l-rl n<n -roTft< q',I'tQ ,gRe{r{ -6{F qqtil< e}-i <ITfua qlq 'ils { !r.ei a<t- wdq qq1q 1fi-F, qrE-{r11{3 qqjfl[<< i<JF {i{ro fqEft. )rr _r3,Fftr. b t0 3 d1+ _a'a : . ..?G r '. eJn-A7 .:3. ., :llt lqn]3 3rc13;(En Fa< u-ro sr=fu Cet ra +ra. iF aq5rl<crrE qt<Ti v .g lllfnq 6"rft- <,"Tffi sT{}l FiaGf"i leir c'lzE. qzE ,trir:lrTfi T]1 <-r(E 1iq]' qr<.n;rr e+! Fsm qfifli <d- <-arE 1r1 <] 'rir4' (< "rTitr fr}r. ji+- crno 1ffi -]q ?lT[< Lcifhe]r (I>r(q 'ii-a<t' (Zerul -t<ie "iafl!.st< iil ce[+i ,914{Er i"i.t Eriii fu-{r< 1q ii]ii< e-{]lr ?-mq ?r'r"iz<l'. -r< rlrr4 qmq iirrG -T f:L{f rr<F< F<. rri !'Ta 5-r {.I} 1.6, ,< 5-aa. c 5A 99) ffi:+ !< !:rtr.r <qarl {.<rt i'R r,firfl'1q osro< fm ei]3 aqz+ edf,it<
  • 33. rnrrpm +ie ,9<r Bsi Elft-.F] (qI4 lm-q ,r-io rie ft8.f qfi< E,i< ,l]{n sfub qc<fu{i q:: $$nq qtr<{q (al{rEK. T<,i.t) E.€i qE Tl (1r$ c'i{ qtsrq rc< cr"m ee qelil}v rgro ?l"n +rra Ocfut€} 'lTfi']I.R (pilgrim farherzvi<) qI{furrir q{s<r.B "R qtq "r{s ls <ow< qs'l- {(fla. 's.Iinms q1toTTa aian {{lin qfrffii IT-A EITE-4 qr4G's x'it3 {a4r : qrrKr q.{s ffi {{rqtr Ftlp "tft q<t 6fi5sci F!-f{ {gr f,jgl{lit € Elrff e|{& al.<Iqnt ltg € r6i< E1< Flromii EAs E"lll Ectqd FLrlpIi (nn ft"i ,jtF< iE (w.tcr workr, gfr;t lls (canals) q<i iA3 qlg F{dq-$fi ffi{s € f]ir-i-qrTA< Slu(e, trm 6r{aEn !6 6?m ffi-" arro c+< c : q€r.rl5dll< rqd qrqj <fi "i'qFd, cci ]']l ;l{ll {{rqE € etsq-jr en-Fler ?A-TII i q&iF Tfi Rsllt< qtI4l qr{ r<rrEcq{ r qtra{<r ,ils 'tfiserr< r41rl< qt-< ,rFtc c-tT< T(q lqfrtiE fisn . ftr-, TI< r;rfl sI{AnrF{ TtE ca,fs T(?,yt- 1i?,rr< r< ?<d{6 "rE Fm +mQra. El s cnr{ er<fu r'lifuqa {6 r 6'tE fu6t:]. ifsfqi,i., q<s qmiir cqrs< aqr< Eif; <T(q. eR &li <6E <r6q ui ?<?fus frsr ffiai e|gn< ,rf"IFls:6r{i v,Ei l !Ec<t1 Tnr n]TlTi Tr<FrE {sftR"o- Tsf,fi ,rl:T< ft6fi qtE. ET< i:<l q]ti+el Erq rt,9 S6lrq ffif"- c-rF< qo"f--t "fl-e1aa qT< clrl q{,I .!i {fl{r qo< e]Ero< 1t$ajii }r{14 .jt€:n c'lIp qqrq eFB cefl tg"t fil efa$q4 lgf,flz,j ata{rqn n? ,!i Bi-5 ft",q eiqrit q<Fio a<r< ,i.<€ nq "iErA {<< sf!rcr"'l 6r+? tfua c<mn rqfut ir+rV q< ifl1.; Ft<cl -t3i q? "i5fuao .{Fr'fi E (ffir .&f; Tad qa< 4< r..X< .,T<. t1." .r_d: C"! xln dr{Ep rErT! .1TF .--F i'"1 l}aal-a +K+fr mr.J ql ?hG Ea F{i i{ <s]{rear qi qrt "jid <6{]In q]{rrs< "fl,1Tqm ,{ >rq6 fiTFr !'q Et1 qflr;n aL q s ng< E{ q :i]<sFlE riElqli 'k :tslil ?ni (]lTtn <T vr{<i-l:afl ,r5fi;aE lcr6 eq-s]'l -<<R 1?x aD? E'{E{ .!n mfb lry]r< sftft- ars ml.l ,!<., {sF"i .t-til "trrs q4iq qr. qti .:r .Id[4] qr{ 4'raal q1E -|al&? ir.e - r{< (i1ias {.n li] Etr. qr6{ a]I't c sitq !ra< e:Frh-< 1iflD efuq.fiAl {4-sr<r€ ({n ,!l laq il]]nil i.gr"i -.r<te tmnfr qt{{r ,lf.lre< iGqr sTr<.i q{aE {rrc nr<i<t< (EiI- eul, .!-nnl5r,<fK
  • 34. frot<la c <F{fuo afuql , fu{! q"fl? e T6n a,E {ar e{. -F{q T(o1 Eri 'otq v.lls<' T(l, {{6 s li-sriIT{,i <T "irg rnE asF.3 qftq<'E rit <ils o+it 1oa 5ftofrro ,i {n'rr<a rqnts .ir. ErrE? qn't { ?rilc a qn? Fi{ sl-i rr{q qr 'fiist< <{ ,rT{ l ,lrrian VaBl F<l alr(o 'itt< c{ q?z$ft ta1q"qhG q]igile eflfi;Flrd uS.rir$n i-{fu fu4fi-, i.rr< srm cTE n<q E{. ,n {iE ElrF r{r eqT? st'i6 c Et"tTlliti t€t<n E-{ft .9q{F{. .9ir.tr <Ei Efli5ts il'16 Firi f.iqr +r<q -o"ns rldi iTq c t a a?tz?F Td+1i3 qef[ ir'.'is Eq"l]rin s+. E{fi omro otef";iqrt cigt ai!*t a,,rs {ro (d<ER $1'!o aEli q<e ;hra rsr Sfr< ogd,iolfi <t ot<€ thg q[l (,[ol +1qq <arc e+ +-r<Eq, Fila ?iz<nq qE rgi.i -rE]tri& (nF9r< TrJq iEfii €rfirrr. q-]i sr<€ (4fril {qn "iI3 ql"ll{l{i 4lE q<E {{ ,!l 'q[,1 "]--31 Ts{]fi< m1fi Ea qt, q< {{J Eq qks le<t., lfrrq {il ,s {grs <ifu ErlI ql{r< "rrq' TlrFfi c!c q<lrs,i!] li- Erlnflr t€:flft 'Jnf1{]I <l "flftTd< G.k Etri5 Frll @ liT{ F-c|i etalF ,n1 <t ll]|fi]I{< {r<qt< qr€ {a nl1 qq{6r d{ o = "9. ;'. .!t!< --C! < r'.-n FflJ:( i Fl <-I<fF ,-}. irB) qqm 1n "l{t<c+ 3q-qFl'-(< ,EqEl or< *, qfu,i]T-Ij liilI1l at'5r 5:IE TF .r,4 ,4 f]-* d .{s :-r9a x€< . . 11 <- in j4= . 1 ,,r'tsT<i qt< qF 4n << Gire]Fn+ qstqfi cad *t-qT liT zg1i Tir Ee j "lr< rircrfl 'UI]I 'rt{ mc{ "iBl <l osfi 0"R T-.lt {E I qj 3"R qa{sn qn L!4 ,,TiF !fi ffi1 4f4('E G'rqLT rtrli 19 sfltn +<T ri:r ,r, r]]fqer4]TE fsE qThtqr. *]d ilimn E{, TR"i em,e(.iI$ fi.i lTcar '<]raefuT.l1i'Ft Cqrn ('IE. lezer ri:t (q..sr aatfl r€q dtiq< {r-l {c{ (tIE 'ilr -ll{r{< :rfq (?,lzii. { 'lqr.e- fii(.;l -r(n ']lf;T]n(s 41-1 F{' 1-3 (-{sr qcr+ Et aie e- etrq. "r< s,eret coIgiT fi(l lra E51 rr1fi a.II4 aE flF i -i,fa{ ($ €frs 4Ffr qel c<< fia-{ C{1--n arlzT qEsfi lzi1te ,4* <tr< . t& (-! 56a ,6a ?'-<3 +go a6< -, i .-re <Ffi. .: /: !f,d "V t'ttA.Cin {I< a{C" ,-Tct 16n:a{-t(R.41: y..T r: .< ,"ra.? Gi<,1r]r, qs"rT{ <i 6nZE T- 1!5 1sE, ql< q r?r'tra E-er-'jl E{ "[]l"]3]rrj G"E (4.,1 (< e]fi;rca ili-s 1sr+< rm "rsr rtE "r a+q <r-<Ecqa ,9qqn 6Ealr [d"ra]< qRli6 <r qra]i:Irs' fi qts iqlq-ir'f <En <l Etis qt'll T,n i?rnit ,!iR 1tr i ftCG{rG <I+io q]IE .!< i..Iiii qflq of,irpn €i(4>l< fr.i. Ai <ac{r fl erTf-r c"ri
  • 35. qflqF EftLT. 'qrfra { qtE. fi{< ci_tn3]3 -ri'Tn 6E4', ({ ql{4 r? .qTi lEfuE' {fd ?Eii i:.11k4{ Er q{qrr gi6i? oo {i(E ilql 9Ai E]I{(lnai,4< <lqsdl1qr qels t!1E (qf+ etB lrr qq13 <!f qlri <?6 {68 <{tr{ ffiq'-q< Jr6fr AlFnr rFi"I Etf i : .flrIa qn4 cl r? il,rr ("16q, (nt) tI' ii{< € fin iic({< ofri.fu .qtr<e < ql[.tcn 6FoE la,f. u<lfif4rtr .qIlFr6 ri dra fur",tqn ,!i Ei]lfucj "l]]li:Fr ,,"1+ qm {.rl] (] E< 1163 <ai 1tA fiqiiifi{r al"(l <F113 T<fa ql<E <j?"3ii2Iqd. ql< 4{n +€+3141 T.T}-_ili }r${]4 -,{q rilfl q{'to F-".r -l qr66ra itqlftrs< {]IFn licr ?idl{.{ ?|14 .ilfl q'r<c qwgd a{ c+n€ 4$6 {aE< lGft r: .1la< $tqr6< !-6q. qal qR qFE $s< 'rffio o; <;mri EEeq, ii; tF +-cq q qrtar{: sqls (FFe 1q'ri1!T< eXl$ l;ct eTl.t r{ :lr d -1d : *. i<Z- .ucr," 1"1', ]p :rn f4:?? E) (r{f4 ' l't.'< [r- ] CTa ..---6a --aS .<f<i, e Ffi.l .l : r. jn. j,-,r ln) <rE(Ti EFrg c?i.o (n "ilffiffi f], eTir <re (E4r (eEi:l E ilfi"i ,filTi a'.]IrF€ rlfi.:r.rFrn {Enl lt[IJa,] a.r<-o3? flffi Grrrl 3"Inr <."I< Triii iIaT :il"i -K e.k qal (T --en il i. Etr ;Ioq (4{ts - sn< "l1gfffi an tFrl"rcri' (p.rtinrp.esr) (1+flff-) r{"rl 1p"1;n=1a3, p,xEi1=mrs { {ti{t Erfl :l1.i q{1) i,i"r']I< lin'lr-, +rrurrr q,i4 :tdifi1iiE aa{ Ir-aa< 1ft4 a{:lT si{t3 +e.it 5Ei'rir< 1.1r 4lr< li:irino- ,q{l iwa.rj nRtja.i qq<t q]fra stro< ,q:a+ E:tt q!r, c,i,i& ifr.i iiBGfi{ {<rl ,iil<l T.:l rci€16s 6r* {crlil {i{qi .l1iGB Tsr ql,"E (rln] rE -r'erirc' ;]F{ }iJ q$1"{ rnfrr {rtFirqi it"r- ,flfift .4rlj i <lFrqe sT]i "rqa: .fstir(- ;-r o{l {F1Fl iFi(TI .3a4< €.J< t{:filti3 a{{r i liqT<< ffi'{ -t-rrrF ,i-.t EI]< qTri{ :I?.]] .E"I rtl:l q< q..s}l Fr.tr <rrcq !t -r.oiiro i+i --"rl raf{tr.< ifirasa ..d 5ra +a{,i b.'r--:, .<= 6< ,rl {.: }-v.ft Ca< j+<. n-< <i:dt riq z<rq qsT -t-];ta" To.t afl lBfuTjai rr?a!I+< E-< raTn Tglilla:i 'l{ll {l<i i5-T 'o,l1,Te. (el: 1r,nt 4 i<+: qq fiq<:r-<t F <r.l Efl ?I1q3 B"R .irrT{ ftI]] it<a <;rft< lr:- qr'fi fiBt Ect< cr aail csrj3 ql<t< {.1Eair TE< qlfl {(E iITn 6lr {E€il le laFs q<(. -ri1iaj 'J1iEsi.! iTsr <lzli siqt< Gfi snj;rfe< .rE; ii<rirn da]Zl n .--i . -raa {)../?3-.6-1 t. /F< nlt. <tFL.rp _r"r1<a ra! +nt <4f- Troa i,=t. .f"ifu a aGli,ii. -ti (sr<tq) ,r1",, qt< En: r--a4]3 a]rEri nta 64 (-rr<j$-n) lbicus r ,!i q|ita:I4i 3'ia< f-l< efu {fl q.l-cq
  • 36. YftffirqE stfiG s E-s 'tffrs<firt qnl]al etqr< {re1 {1I({<€ df{+ em|Eq ecw 1fi1ft c<r efl.r'fu+ rfffi cqn+ srq<er qe'r o6, +rm. os< "rld er.vfu eqfu+ r-lt <l{qr< fii a<., aEfu+ fiffi qITs qc< furq< +:ro ef iL{t ,9 6<"1 n-T{i "m< {qlg c'l(4. rrql{lnq, q]-g{ € fi-{]"lsl <I{{l< 1i+]-1l ffi{ Tsrq< iGEM q{< fim qTq {Irq< cFrq (-F qsfrl {L--rcs ta, (1r.r "r< ccnq-$A ql< eran6A +qer Eori etn o"|E6in ,!rE EE 'dt{r-{R"l qffs {aq q'K li 'Fi Ec--raE {gi lie I,l ,l]fu a<-X {crIE {an ri<l< aP olr en ora +r]Ilqc+< ofaIq Fr+m, qq<q sm oti "flqr{< U"r< Flq :|jiT< qiJ {rr {it4t qs {]-t]Is Firntq; .i(q c,1", fi "iiiseqR sT<h { {c4 ijltqcn{ ".TFt .. --ricf. {E{ a-ca PrrrcnS:a cit< <t.r<tc --;< ,!rtq cc I{< 'l.sF< tt&-"iTfui ql< q{]FI f.firE€ <lnto 1-r(,l ('raP L urrs el cl ilT <tgl< <Fql T{q <TrE, ol-i nn. eli'{'is Efii,ad{ Tql @t< -iry1i rqq FI< <rn1<€ {fr{ {(T(E r ftrftq<l qrE qrg< {tr firc< cqra fr.rBII E oa on fuc< wo ( I(- n ,t6ir {!-.r{axd {"".- 6r<c. rrfs "rro s_i d-? .c?< o'rt: eiii {a{Iq; o]iqdl m-s ofr ef€-5 F{F {c.ra. 5l< fu, qrgtr "r.se 65t13 q.q"r6i q{e-E< qrfi {T<t< Flllq1 FFSE aarq, qaw< ela'fm eqn nE ,{<i Esia{< rg$ a qrg{r} fsfi qfltq q{.i], qi.st< ra g1i-< moro F4{ 6a trr El-< q{"i cc {r'f< .4rrrm qlm { qr€c{s. i;rfl <lr{fr+ aml'l (qro €< 'rolr'l G'i{G +'c<lzml ci !Kr.K €qa-{3 "flelr c'rcq qf,la fir?lq 6{n{lnla, qr{R e< 6e qls$ cufcq c?Fta€ rora's qtfin afi{{ ffitot{< ryfi ff-r< 4a (?n:$ fi"ll {rp cq fqliq jn<rf{s e ilft< fi:ftq<r s<i aq "rfl6 {a't< <-ra rn fu?a: 3l Q m 6{+< 5 !5 ,_< .6 16 Tg? 'rcr? trI3 a'f.Ea l
  • 37. efiqfiIo s4{ {d T{fi<rq 6*ci< {,q furlr'i +t orq ceirgr r"c!r... Js_6n .JlRr :t,ri?- sr-6 F'1 6(n 6fiE 6<1, fitn <lq Edl< ,6'9 .ara {d} -* nft 1flr'n, 5rR -R rlfi ,e6E cEn il<l lac:r <rq gFI< i"i1< (<1 ,r!F !i d-l E rfficn airal rh<Er {fi €ainl fi{ {rRrai< Eta'f< i"i< {<l.< rrL rur. EFri a<tit 'Il! c,r gffi mda <!1E x-srcr< ffi rrr wr <tw< al:nql;lr -filq qt<e iIq rln tiET{{ firl] fi.j ,!tqr{ ar*{ {rfi {r$ qs4o{t<t {!;nF rFE-irE qr< erffo Fictrli ffi"rs{ Ec c'[k-i .!tsr< @rq cII srf<-TE <qap, qFF fterE< 16r <re! {i{q .i?fclT s- 8 € c qq+ <zr, TEl3 <ra Edr< {',Isf iI'.q G cfi Eq"ri a{, oT ,!c ryf,f]q r 1as <'rtF@< O,r3 f+<rf{s M< o++< rur ftnah qfi"rfl ffi <q1 i1to r{f,+rrq< r<{l,mo rrrdq q{fii Tq
  • 38. qift E{] Tfi.tr5 {ifl {6El 6a1R< )t (6.sEE i1< al<G. flG s<q -€]lI e qfi iiaFi {f,4 4TE T1" ft.< rFsrr Es oElr< itrier4]< {ct|i fu4. El< s +tr s66 "fi "i <fi 1elT F{l Ee EIneF rlllr ?le;tn {fi {ai. ET< etl;eF qtr6 ,!sE qn "16 'rg - "tz< T'61 1fi Eir< 3l-a-Ti X??n ftr li',{.n "irflF -iF ,!+ir "JE ie- qiet1<. rs tgf M lg. vk cEt: a'<tr< qc<l4t< ralqro .!a riFt.t rt<l Ie -l<.[ qlr q]{fl el €t'!]qs :mrs 'itfi: iic l;q la'J "j" T€< ( fua qafi T{{rs'd$ 4iifu- fint , .!rF ft;iiinae< fuii'< sn] {i Ta..fiqr 4ift- r(il <19 !- <i9 q{i:< E-r1- "Fio "rfull, llir q(!. aFrlF;r-s- ?St ifr (,trg. ffi r:Irdilr ftn lea ('rq: qF q? 1a96ik J?3;: <-1 soli srorrre< qs,6 o.1 q?r; s? F."f< -q..,r?- ftr+ at <E E "i,< =n 5- <ftra lr {TE fifrc{ qaE ,It.df"]= 1-{< f{ra- fiiz+< ardtlt+ fi{ i rlr:sA I'slr (tq qfur< f lzn ffi1." + < s c <'i1TeF 'Rd "n€-.r .n rtar _:r+{(F< -1: i - .Fl,J< '<-s({ :,1 .3.,: <alFZ Tt'.tL ij .a 3ra[< ffi l1.fiErw D]nb' tyEl.nl? :rrEFi ii. i-fi iri f.ri.g i.r."r r:]-, qr< A Ari kq s. lt (all4 oF16 q--- .](;rc 9fu{ <'ftTGi aq(t{ fo B'G? errc- ffil! :latril'.'t.i {a .J'riA lrai etc< <I<?-rfi+ d"i.Ei ft6? <n+ c i; +<t"t "tiiir" f*-a: iire .i{ {{a{<.c C. ar:. ?f4I- mF. -1-ra<aft 1rr 4q1<i el{lq EldeIFt< f1EfiTn 'r'fuod e&+"r flTn iii+ n ]flq :i4 arn< ttrl fimil< -r"re,. fFI.j r:i] qcr{ fi>|{(T -irE .r(Fr >rstn'. qt< nq arla giftin< edE' <fl qi r E];lr fi,.an o6'rEJ e-iiB !f i .!i s{ =trorri? iie a.r <i,<n"i q'g{ 3rft.6.r er'n€iil-il .;is (lt{l uj'i ei'< otzeqff< qlEiq Fifua{ fiai5 ft(E Vn{pr'lai fraa etg qrc aq< <pr crasr qt- ftfue <.1 {sTlir qir fiqlnt li?r -{4r risr Er1.'i 4l dl<r.il fi6Al'rt.fi .T+ r ffi € 'Jiif{fui st<.r-+-r aq-.x lFarfz{ 6{,nEtr< .rrF< s.ft,'qii1 "ri<E r<r< qttrt< qrEi< 4ni .1< f[raiTt n'ra{< ,!F ft+,r€Erfi f;ffiEm< ar-Etf{o qiffiN s;t-erE.r a4as 1?q EII<q 6ffi< 6al en{f-elT< T(1] {lxl< +3re alrrF r ,.ar G< rl=r< e:i.r r+d gft -,alrTlirl r -ig,l- Ji.r.rir{ t tqd -a:l.:iAr h? q$fs- .qi3I"ti :<lEa{ T'r-ry.."< . ?rr : daE< q5:.rr .) q ?' .alc... .-T< _rr lliFr'<t ci r !i-"rr'<fu -r< lo-< Gr:n lri,ltr atqi dto <t+t ;Ialt q+fi snk { q4qft< E"ii firrt ,qa! Frc tsrE: r'ifl€ Etsti IiF" Ter q]I'l qifi;r? iiq fu.'iirj .Ra 8o
  • 39. Ei;6"5i va. ifiE .alfii (Thtrlesr mro llFE <14+ oi 4']I< q{q"q E/-TuiIi .1.i"Iflcral qt -r"r-q<? qfi 4ft*r fuqr r iri Er'"Trri<q -:is!Ef<.rfl4rA Erq6 qg r.c:t i1i-El Er<] eli ilg Ercin Faal q<i qi ftg'l +r-? <rqilf':; ,!r<i q{Gl; an"m lie rrtt r'p e<m srq, qqfllr fafi 4rf6 frFDtr s<i ok qtrtflli-t rl. ,Eia"iti ["in] T'l Ea. ']<,o7d,fun F.{ ,i csm< u+lq..rfdi TF {r.r, fu€ fu6 Tilr.]I{ATi fila ni nl lFail tlij- rfil s-m.G- rsl fu6i oi;<r iii< (: g trqrl i.a, rIIl 6arAT qr .{:"? (q?11< mfiEf{s staE. ".ix) rff rlBl 11 :i' q I fis'nflc e:rlq r31 (tT cllq l:<rE anal ffi rci 5imr. c< f aitT zltie< ftc+ *r+ t,{i.r , qE i{rli ri: <tsZr,fu<' e:g.r rry,"- 3lrfi.s <--r "tts. gTifu j?ict lrsq'r 1ie rlfua {<j ioit,s ,!Tqn rF ,rcI .{! fuE stgti Ere-l< <E< 'trn. -IFrfl (allc1>K rn;rfu< erqi q.qc i,'L<i . 6t< --a, :-.t .FE : < lE-ai-f:3 { n-:ll]F,. ]T-zT7 !. e fl-ai :i:j fi:r,+{[.< <t<r'<+ ! .ftfq1- /r,rl (I. -lrr< (F!Ir- 64r k{{ igqmi qair trfEran eE <tll, <tiiq (e[a E<n< €]a"t 6al ffil -:<i< -n(I r€inFift[J.l e die--r,g< qTf.ad in6r$ ja?:{ir" q-ra ql g nkqq F(r{afi q1-.-n <E f6cnG'. <r+ q':m olf:rii <q rrft ffi fu-{a< tn:n "Ffi< .,lF <{i{+u ror'oi?iil<c -.qnfi ln fP:aFn e7 C,-! ..i -1r, .rL.iFt= F., : 4t--. ;'."3 ,be r-= Tra-... r:? .<. :!_ . : . ? o2a !-4rrai 11.. .:e !<r.C, (r r:Iq{c {a-a ,r"ir: -1-< rr.rn f.l r_F n <qr tEr.l a:r ef<"]< Iirltq ah"n .*r E{n q]] (4[+< i-,{(.< q<fi <aF 1 r 6ra }ii<fT+ far<r6sriJq' tizltqn. ,i rrrr <+fi {a ri{ii-5 1fua, rerq Tielq qre av11{E (?tr:l rm. st<1l <+- {]<s ,lrig q.ll,Fg fE4 1< r€<. <f{+in Iq (?..a.1 .!*n Tfu]a."lj .f.ir]ll ciFE r.I<ii(;|i: FT3q a ah.i..ii Gmam Llri {q rr5la qtl (ami arl< l<r3 -rEErz<t q<EE 1t1;6 fi {] (ttr. .?"f4(Ta r-9rq ,!5nld:ihn riI1f il-in3 fuel< cl iqxr5 r!3ri <-rif-, -Ta Ff,4 l]ro ,fi-G.( q]Im.- cf<cr,ie, {TaT !;]q {< -"J -rri4hTa {f,ifi(4{. {13 i-t-l aiIF 3!'k '$d f+XTra Ti "i-fu r4tr{ ni< i.retr< d{qt<l n3-(E (16.T< fufita qrn i;T. qrffiryr.n. ,rf"ir3, i-E liilin G"l< efoi,- r<roi iE affi f.e i il,rilr< <i<afr+ qrfti.sa -qlglq 1a-{< ?:ilq -<l:ri. .;l< {(i si dp-{a elra {r ri.g[< ioia 3r 5fu ffi]t< "q;4 4rr;. Eli q'q id{o in T;rF {fu. frh 6,I[1i-.er ,t1g. "rs,i +r<rp !r ',hlqE aszn c/-?.ffi {€ <l r.iil_-+. i<3ir f!7-"r i:ii;{. cli"t< 8)
  • 40. lil]I<i 1I lr.< qrlT< <E {.- @{rdrI lihl.g (tqF rr{ fl11tr{ cr{i irys li]lrercr, vm ur< ."Jri fiEh lirr4ll Ee."rd q{Fqlselari {fu.E TFaE r! r TFis qJiilia smfi a?,Trl rlq ]I{ 1l1:]Tfi fir:trz"R {q1 ?Trs ql fo?{q <l Anatysi' crrr,iio.tc. ,tnotu.is (qtT- q< qd fiIq Fai fr,€it' <ffids rtlrn .+,]n€ (ttFtr fild lia:Ir.j Frr{. E,,n 1if,i i "piT[d< qtrflE] fili.El aI< {l qn qfuT, Et< df4-o Bt;nem 1"..o +zr F',ry fi?e1ri. 'tFjoc .t,li asti€ l{ry iir:rq q(Tn. Efi ffi ftwsfrz+ +rr+ [or-< +r< loeftr a ror aca i].+-s fus{Erar-< {at I-51fu <itr<l< (6ll {a< ?I](€i r -F"ri ffi i"-A--G-.a sEsFh € EEfihrs (anr fi5]"-"15f;r rust fth]i]rs B{A- {{ ql Fd.3]er{ir+ 'tsnvl 4l'lI{R'qfiF]I]I{ ffir 1:l Sr'nrhesis ]I qiIltq arB a{o iiietrl] €r{n ,! qt< c{rii'r firg:rf,d alcs <<. q nl ar? 5fnT ,l1' II]I+ r'-:-r! .ff,c er's. a-n 5;lj 1e fi rr< !4 )rei1an <"t:rT{ fieri*1f6fi{lEi( <.q fugi qF15 nr {+(ei cT!l(!ll qri.l "Iir+< afu fr:qr rr< Ed-,eqf,i. sri fllBFt er€- <ri aTfo. q a ele :tit €f{E fiT,.rqR Itr € q(Fi q]llr!'li {qlt ,3 qr4i {]11d< {ir. iirq s-aq e {t{A d.l'aq]< E-if,!' {aE et]ie= nt q< qtqr{il q.-<q€.rnf<[nt 1s. -<8. ga<"nv s csmm-6Br q{]E 1T< lt(- flI{i ,!< cJalcll4ltcr<l "i"rt{ ru5. q3 "rfilF{l q{fu {figF Us<.r q{(o "r]rit '.iFlrE< r]aFi] E]igl q]I]1r< r,,-{q rrgor< s@ <l-ss *r g,,1i, A'q-ffi. ftb-s litr<q. c<Its ergrotco !<i-qti3 qanrg a{41< ?-{ flsrsn; qtrtrE3 ftffi, dE-Gnn, 61iar+ r<fii'i, ,rs-f,<, {<ir fta, fqo&o qTrat, ?@ Sa- ?5 , rr I .Jr€-$T {: r e 6a : "r6.n <r<1-- rn. Telqfisi qiw ts"]{<q IE< 6'u .sEI {c{(E 'nfqfie ltr'<qn oto T]IEI- (1hq rlr{E Fts ltcl ngr< qET< mr:r< ruFq].< $1Tii{4d. Er-< s,dt q{.6 iitri qtmr!3 3,.-cpg {e ']T{q-sn4< <9 &T 'f.j-o6 sif:iif-+ enro <rqlli+ +ri jir:l'r +<ro 16o qc"a; ft-e c<Frr-< qr{q EE q{ ert< fufi ff+ ,!s<'t< qF6 ffirqr qt:! (T(n ei EFsr F"f{ +13 final"{'t.JIa rngT- q(< fiaQr{d {}ii (pliny) <c{d. (.r flr rT{r.R Ef-m fts ER rrF r!. cl? l.r< rqlic BG lffi(g< qm flc.ErEqr 1as (I- Finik{ E{s3's <<. qa?q fu4TTfrli'l1 {u, Ft<.i E3t E ffi< orq< 'lT{r.f <qi q'iI,t€ Etrl d'!r< ]1, "iffr.g Fiq, e,< arE "]r<, Er{l Inli lsg/-qi 'llq nff-- il€ ?f4-aE "it< otrq 4tcii ?ry (piur.rrch) q< <4{i ifirs rqE {a.i rcn
  • 41. q{ ffi {C{r. (",ftrT< fffis Tre]I< {[5 1t{aT< rqrT< .otd€ cl3.< E-i -.5a. e3'rsrf< rF* 14?IFi ri*. .I-< ,n_1* e .f.{.- 61 5aIt. ftft,ttd|c : (q6(,ri {p]r 'q=!IF Efu1 <z< "1-i. 5I<1s $-sf cu" a;a3 apffi aq6q, ffila (am aclf {'Eq EI< Yn:r' aFro qFB 5E iit'l qK €Tqn fiqtE "ifficm ua q (i a1li -q<{An aft-TrF< T.',fi. q. ,1Th+ 3.;6-a : "o Trqi 'Ern cr,r= eair drrs fl4 o'c+l r"-fin tr] a{ns qnftfui 3@ liarl'Jr<rzr< iln rqr,Ts 'llerl {].ir i;F bFta e dfi srn r{ffi (-{i .sln€ EqT 'fl€in m 4 tI s*T ci:;r'. <t-11 as. ffi cr,fi-cl-< FlrE strrTd ol-TfifT{, 5t< cn- iil<l O'rTh-i qflri ftrr< 1,r'Br s.qfiar"E ftr:r rl1a ffirl qrfari;fi slil 'i!6ln <5< <ffi i=ro AITq ,fl'l d(i F-j'c iiri-i ai|r!? '. L .lt' <;n-- 631 1 {I6n I eI< 'lasrtr? s1<q filq 1i* srir {i'?r ar, ,5r{ Itfi C2] (sdGFI{ qgfic"r< {c<ll LlT T6n eN--{q 'tlq qqco. qm ,rfifus 6sT !r < Eri- !ft- qGrc "iza o<rs c"n<fEtq-.,"t-< eFt.i "it!{l lIR Fjart'fftilTaln3 qF+ Tgl]E il i m qlalrql a]IE qEE CJr4I E{c ,!$?,1 ltoK q{IE? << cr, €r fi"m't.lflI{< Ilfn <q ,rf€ dar.-mT< Ta s Vili nT?tl qt< .'np= "irR< 6sM? E]] &< rg]q ftr{r evfi- <-rE{ qan eI, q,*krr:s-tr< * qcoe. iira <e erdi rTil{ ilti ((--onlmunrsnr) (Trd EaFr qB q{.ij i;lrEi r1@{ {[<ll qn5 E{ | Er{ fi e1 ']Tet;<< ttl l-,trr< qk+m ael'1 o+-en, qi q. r6t<t frrsm< 'rtiCfu+ '3 q{Ef-5 rr'i-+ *iat-]<ef4 s F-n 5'tiFr< <rtd E.n 6{a e- Eae. dqT _.rIrF< a.sq-g< qr5o {t FTfieFj ql< qEB ${[{{ {1. <] !'t{ FlEro c1{r+l n.l. rri {ci qrfr -]qal .d<q qfl< ffi Eq r Ealrl Fl qi caqi ffi {r,t{rqE qD]fiE Ioi ataEjII qelal iiliFs q,$m ii+- Ell r {<i a+rlc "ili rSdE (qrY{rEr{<) q]Io "]rs '!i( dIr.F ft.'l{-r.n eofiG aI< E{ fi3trlr$c firc:i. thsr iq< rone tr], rrqAl- 'T{{ftT< Fifl qt1i6t< <L<q FRIE ,!i C{. .,lE$n ETrin ?q-i cq q{{ro,ql q<t m .r< ]1.r< tssq ccl q{"arE <l'i"- qn a{]ie fifit .ErI< ita rqc{r '!TE or< .a.rr{ .{ I< es"rT en. i on<< o611 -t1i.s qro E]< (e,t-r fi'!q fu 1< fi'fe << {{ F?fn. q-14 oK6 fi(q6s ls<li {qE rr<, q{s'i qEqm ,i :rqci qr,io qll El< fi'r"i eo 9€rmo E{ -r< Geq. .!+ rydt.,,i qrl itl< ,lisq 3fnE << r:illit6 eofi= ii1- wlar< fiea IisrEt<'nqm l.'",,Ili si{to 6F"t ,
  • 42. Tr qf i< 'f, ff 1l !l -FF c({l< sl'll. 13 rr'r e. e! s.! 30 (r"ll nrE {o a<. il .err+ r: (el$I) fiseq ;t. tsXtF< q fieq fu. qi tEafrm .r li'{.,q ::gi qfs -rc<s -tr< >- T< r-ri i.. ril< !i e-€Et(I.r '1'. Errir+ ',e-6-..{]II< ? . s a$ :-i1r'ia. ime q-n< '"fl' is"ta q{ -Tt o<a< Ii:r:r (I=r lrd qtq- 1tR iir. !]l< <tli-c ",ti< iizqF -ni {h ril <l i'ipmtJiiqqr Gi"s iii5Ts :t(1l1l qq+<"t +r<&rq.r im *as p -,,-a i .z 4a-a)?*rG..-{, <ff,crFaa:^ ! T? !1/Ca<C:j;< {$rqi Tfl ti{e1i qE-r{ f-t<-si ftrsilli nirlr-e rilH q< cors zi{r.+ tld< <rq at +< iE fis;i.qr< -itq-< '(qlg ni!.Tl' <l ;ii'l ofu qre (414,3 e i<ih rstmrft see: iiErrv rl"tt l-: trrrg. -r +.Ta dnF i {.'t< -Gl $mF< t?{l f- ar rqqii<r<< ie.ir=: r? r.,a-i{i ela'..' F1i .ll lThe Nlerr) wilcs ol ir(len .. tjelstltl-i< igfi- 5r4 I li,e fiqn:F:ra<t qft:.n q<ri?+ errsz.l (tj13 fi"€h i-6 <. 'fq. fffi orj(a <I"t. ?|+(.d q 9+ fim it:n rr.,iir;r crifir+ Xii< fule vr<c 1p c+<r oi $1niirraa i?r.,t,i<la1< k{-! 3"lam' ri f!. fla$ri', tigrqi 1i er r]F a"j< -ri+E <4rFE .ir"li E? <1"< G"Ui Jr-i*E <51T{:.fti::r< ,rr,Ai ratr ffi q.lll fl'r(sd r{ fuyaGri <-qeId" e. 8 € (. !.r4, cqff ryrati lEy6 a<! fia aElrl !tr.cl- SIEZ-'"1.{t'ITntff. i'j'iEr n'i(i: d3 Ttzal+ {,-q<rg f-re-rq< t<4tls : E'u.t6l a 1 n ryrqft Ggasi r T{rrt.l, n1=in 6E rrlri T{aqi a!.I :lLq <rl € }l si E"]? qi*E <'lisE fLnT? T{E rr'i {n E"R s1}E 88 F,rTrr,n{"fi !a 3' ?3 g. ga ct
  • 43. >]r1sl saiq f<i !]r (ti 1?r: fto); f{E cl c{Tn€ :i'{arlfi ftg.q< .{{m € 'e="t"flrEli {f ir. a'ilq f"ieiritrri{{ qrlisR {aal R{F {(. Tr{i q6.llIg {1<qo <e -1a? qFRl lqqr'fiiv+o= TIE< a?lrF aqr{& Mrrhemarics lgEls r€<-s i;r<ll ciqfi Tr<?"n q(<Er.F G? rE rlr,rrr' T4ro Fi@F T<,le ',fi<r.{rE', ?6{i. . ?ilrr(<la {< qa1 :l,t!;Il Tq:t:,1, q"6fi qtn (<ltn {F) € <lsJir':rF (<,, -rfu {lil q{< qra ,r:lr er{ qrltl. lFljl- qrd ,s14. Eri{< qci o'?rs <l qf-ft-s ,!<1 aq o1d aaq, q{. <qq -'nfi {rrir ( rst$? 6trl-r.ll <P3 "l(i fir,rlE f.? onli@ ,lTts rdtqldi FGi q?]i m-E ei T.r]ll< 6dt ,rmrr{tql, lri{ '3 a1'n3nral lq <l-ri qafi -n l.'r<fuco ,!1ti.s Eq ra-:rcq fl?m,uftllqii l:ie'<! qfi$F $1-T{ fii: oit +r. rur:ercr< fiq< e"rr "rf,ril< .fllEr-rn EEi &-InE dm .!i fiqrg TI<q ":r<6 AT 'rfq.erc<r cT,X sr<"[ arr++ qt']? nra Fn:*Ep"; fu€ Ct{Eq r4,tcT "t<3[.J e ({ren :]orqcE Ti Ermrr rTg-{rio E1T€ q€q< qt't 1iE ,!T,r iJor< +z< orF r Fiam'tii{Ftr< iT <g ,r1<a"lIi :t{i si }trf li(ii Erd1mrn , ()) :ri",!*Tn --9 s eTi- ft.ftr. iil 'cl rora.: qE irz,ir< {+ff 5fffi $qiq li-tq$ qTaq fu at , (s) ,,r a?Fin€ >.-{o-c.l< E..n caFc liffi e]Tfi< crq {i!.<l< {qq qc< & -ffi qrlr e(< (rFat r|,! 1- nt'. (8) 'mtnc ftm qriii< qTB T{'t, d 1q.. "Jn: qt"i:t 4rj s}it <.B,1<j i+i<l c'I4s n14 EI< rc4 TEr fu { q{< ii{c: i$tct< r:}?l iITt 'IqIFJ Ff,(s (DA sl,Tai. a{<q tT]E (T<ql r{rc "l11rn, ..!{< q:l (E1ro l;w{ c4qT ':lF {il. qTllq reTi:r<E;El EhR<.ta-al. <,frs,F<.8 c -r4< qT{<"i !c-i--2r- ,a r,fl: ,Fq f+.. (!"Ja<n ! ra=+. .a{Fa qxTfln Farc q<re flrmtfiqq+ ,{-Ei'-t EE e -a ?11 "q qliCI< T,,.'"-(Ei E'.Efi 'Cstir.t (.ga <l ,nrn -l<F 'i.r.?F w{ [iE- rr{arFE. qr< fiffi :sErnT: rag.r' <1 F!! ffi ir{9 fugF qt3] 6<EE rtdzFE (f-lr Il"]{€ (Prrlr)njc solids) dl]F aii6e,!i-n l:l rrdlsE (rI3 It=eem "tT-]lflfi't E'F Ft< flEq ?In sr< [TE" !rr). {E .15ff qrE 'q-n id qrE fqih'iq sift$ri :rc<Erqa r carm qrp rn,Ti--q (alube). II-5!,ii4 rTerrrhctjonl € TC qroi tO.rxhe.ljon) ilaln:E 6sli1 (Ss t 8oo) . 'snlirt< Affis 1q !:tn r.]ac (3s 1s sso) s'tqI(,TRlITn (3i: 1: Cr,ol l'f il< tc q1tr qrT.3s1:i aoo mo< +rpnrE ctq "fr€iE i tra{ (tpn nr3 alzT {rli 1r(-s E:13 qTfi €Jr&< 8C
  • 44. cra {a4<{ Gqmn {c{ {ft.,ne ET.fi{ ,s 'FIq Ep c3dt sl qT.rcr Fwmn r<r--r tfuTci i atrq< {rlas fuiq 'q<;trsrn' nlq{ qa 6frtll q-ffiT n q{ft< <i,flcn< qN iio uorufr:tl' €t'|g "iftr.t <<r? rl.ne irran $i c*a 1r:.5 ? tF rFa lb aa]d ;3 Fffirolf 'carcfi' alrn 1ffi etrg "]I9 EQ qr'a a$]r€ asrac flFrr€fl$ q3'r6il Tal in -i $. !Lal.t:'< cF 6roa "c:e rft 6$-:?i 64ca fiyl a4T qrr*i <iqn Tcfi ffiemi q{?ri rrst? f!-d lqr€l '!rrn fi-i:ril '-tdt< rcq 6r<q-:Kq al$rl fts ftq 9rf,r Eq rtrlqJ] +rrcca ir<ffi (-"1< qAh '!sE qtc rB ,!.]r'st< Trcl o"r-l€ ffi gfun:rrc;+fl ar{?o1r< 55 rrd-6e1 r<1 qr,fl<q crfirilc[< I1nE]4 d{n.l-6sr< fu3o or< l:iftw *1'< 6{f,En (l qqm (acit 6st 6trr. Eltr{n, rq.r -qnn t.{<< clz €ltr f+ I -tl r{F s{< li{cr .iT< ftstfi- lTs j< <.h j a fiI]I <<., {? frgT € {rA< 'q+ uiii=. sqr elftf.i,< errr< qt<lr-et 'f{a6jr< aG EEE o{l -rrF ffi <rErzr. c< roB craq {- rm. -r<l Elr- qe-.itr6< Ft,+T qtE 6{l {1lF ffi {r<ri?r rFca qrffirfu< e'rffifi 4er <+cqa at. ffi qqco :rpa, :r*r< r*q <q cr:6 e liom rlG< ercr,-oa. or Uel q*ffii <" qr< srlili+ q:iq lqfu qrqlF;n Ffl< !T l r' {{tra Tlq qfl (1]ro "t]r< crt{{.a {.,1 (s-zrii. -r5ilae) c67_ii ({tF El ii rqoi r<tF f!ir< <ooa qfu 1?Ft, ra'or (s<qri F6n) [3ifii qi Brizql mq4 oc<Ereoi 4Irq liF ft{.fi1fir <- qrt{ g<qft q+mlrqi rfu.] <e3 Trr{. t1 froffd a ftDrrifF< e!--i cl{Gr< q:t'i Et rie lEfr?s< < "rr qmE 4zr .Tr4fizqa rqi cqrorwcq< .trE qrF.i+r-€n< E6 ql qrdlii Er4 tt{ar5 <q q lrcq carlr te]l o u:n nrie q5f{i <ai {an.< ffi <n-ren , '.ifi! Frrr< afu q{l1l't E nr{r< Eii, u]] lI, Eiirim !<i sT{ &-e {<ql q{r= {f,< q4{or crtqr {t:rrifl ,T{r kfu 1&-1 c]- flT<H rrR <Br € iTlffri< "rErt{ {-.tE <<. Tifu e lfuirE< {(q {.,48 l.lrijlfi< ,rm{ta aflc qa< i-flIir {T-<q. .,r,it{< &.ea 6* gfGi fiirsi/_q< Fnq{ ffin- Fi,,T- "tal<. qt< i,tF-< Bfii.3 615l- qtFa{ cSriF fti{] t(E <E Tii{cFr :n?r; Fnfifu- eF ,.i,Fr< .i"i; &- Er< sotrsirr r+qtr a{lr f- 'qiftrfu< s.ta .r< cl?. F t rn qtrtr< rrqi fica< oI- nl '.t"l{t*tf{.'fi:t ft1ij,! iler< ti-ln 4-;r- ("r'trq +{(.n
  • 45. c:], s6"[rs< >l(-cTc nfu qfiT{ sI<t q]rftlbs q,Gstr elTlq +Tae << qnliftF q4rn ffi ar<q cqt< € TBUI (sdlq {{{ (<rU € Ts) <r<a]< qfi< (rs<e, Ti afitftE hrII< E'i< flk+ cGrR fi.m&IT.i rIIq, l- 11, a[i {f,i nlja eg (F4 Tq]q fia-{ Gl-mTns liFE ffi.t$ >l{ft{e {<aE fiEq ,:Dtt TI-T(Q qlEft< .lrffr 13i flF (r4'{F.1s{lql <'fcTq -r6n o<rE q<r ar6 rFrrq < fi6(<-n lieq IIn qErEn 1iFl} qli qiff iiicq< <Iq< ?q{J q6{ .i<rEs (DB 6cr(q; fu€ rI t{q-4qfi lE,T{ czl si ffi< (Tt"iti s:rn sa {E il, qia'rEr qFr Eq .Il; lt-e ,!t{< aid (IAe qlPio r:rF, sliq (< +Iq qri-6 er914 ,lrflfuT sfu'fi s P qf<I- {a<rs tBBv (S$-T{ eoo), 3f*-T< eoo crer r]!r+ft ,Frlrr ,!Ir q6qd ,lGrqas.< qfu[< E,t, i]rs fiarr'qt? f.rn< l<run qdfE-q dqis Tc:(6: ?radT dF T-rr '.4 f,nn"ri-- 554fl !<. . r 1VF3 3i l l! r' I ' . ar dFFEE Ti {qii <"*r{is sfllqrlq ,!l Er--rftl-< <i l€I-Tnfi n<r qftE {a-a ,lrrrq qrl 1ffl <{< qtl'J "iris e Ts+ affi{ 'lGFs' fili rli6! 6d ad<a o"F a6-d'r iqr". <rG'Erdi. a, :.1 r.alLl :! f,n" rrr< ro<l ei!1 ffi fl fi{.{< d]ql ffii n]E-qrrla ffi srrloGirfgni ]ns€I{ 3;r< qr6< {r-iln &aar q<-!* si Htr k6rn 9,lIE< Ii<ri- rs:irfuii'q :;Ig]]]JI ffi +r .' fi Er-r sJFl+qrf..{;r'r.{r eJiitl r{<F sTr.r+qteir< e6gi{ €t{F fldl,rfi e<1 li.li;r Asft ffi<<I-]< ef,'&t'sl isB ffi< cnce< -r [1r-, lBff6f+ {ie< qir1.B 'fiarcqmi .!6En T{l ar ('tcE€. fufi Gt -r(,E t$( Tqfft< E<ii6tn i{qr .qi1ifuF sin-a-lE nial Tli cqeFit nlfrlq GnEmr< clfu.-iIE(-4n. qnl.lerd', qR-lt4 {ro nir,t'f!- 6G,fiFi .q<( irn ft, liaq< qlftIE ftE afusns rq,J nf,<r..4.- fio rraqt d s< rFra q,o6cr4lifiei .?Bri ra3illn -zs!r ?Iq ']1s tla-i ,.+i1 iq.,se cn.FlTF,"- qfiffir I,n? f5- €i sI{.ql i,ri aa,r]< ,!:]a qct{lsq qE4n {{jF] 6i,< ui B6t in.6J,f - Ts+ a'r< rze e]af.t'j qrrEd {i aqr pt"Nnl qscstrri Ei Erw< ilr l(3 q4&- qr3fts qifif- Fqrt< TJ<45 {rl rrrrtP iEfrrq< rqF{ e{4q 6s$arrl ll-.oc qrer t,r< ef-fuE Jr< r$Fe (aF€ r}?fu aft -.r5fl5 qfl E1l, -i{r4 -{ {s+$r4l 4:rErlqll @o raa liz;r i?.'- sr-rfnfu 'Jzn qa c{Cg 1ai -F l 'r-e-ar< E?{'t:i ilq. .iFi? f.:sfta a{t<rrr-fr € ?Tln qi.ni&Aa tiirFifu e"r;.I +I<{En qcr4l iirE fiar'rr (Fr! a{.r B"]lqft, ,.i€ 'JlFft <IeIrTr ite! c rr"na i-,!'fu6e< Erftft ar-o4ii{
  • 46. E0F6ri e6riTnr' i {{-{qeu4T asin qcn rqIl'k ifuIfi s,{,Te ai pl 1rE qi : 3A{ ,tco cairo Eoo {]zEi:raq sl4iir{ .t1i.,r.r-6< {rrE Td J.{T slTm f,4?' L!o1e {1--Gri{ ,!tI{ 1Ts <i?Ft "neT 1ifiEq qrzETq1fulll a1f+ (<.{rn q'Etzq]n t-I{i "i3 rl lZ<fi <irrr= rnr -,it{E T<I4 1zg nri -.< 6.r]IT.tFt q'Kii s]Iiln -fl {arF<i -.9]i {.<l i-1rit a{1i <riEE 'rillr.l .,fiTl Et€{ q< itrrFr i-ciq-trq ))to :t-.ur. :rt-,ar"- , n. I j< rr-.r.-.a l.r .J-ra. tiri-a q.zi q<fi rp,fo --,ffi* erm {< q,atq srnn .i<t3 ..{l<e irllia"nt qtFn q{<]n qfi etr qi !-r]:{ {Jis Eit )sEt jli]I' |-efui 6,.,1a qa*a4 TIE r1"l-', lsari II$ 4lfii qqn qt l&"J E rft.;ft qm tsq 'qf.mtl fq< f+< 6s dror i,- ?Efralri qfi i''I<fu €i{<tE Il )a1. -ft6trqr s",1iq rlgFnr< rr-.ti q{ <qa{i <lq6 .}rq })iai qre 1r-i {,, T,i1fi€ Eil; oi qtTor.]i- hri/ l$l (1 efi i,,riq qaftE< 'R cqf+ )-'o mq 'Ffu ?i&rE< rnriift< <?r--r< cq.F +Ef,- {GrIE. -T< {r, tillri! u$4q {il{r plsl , { a6ln€ <-cri =-.e ct< c.Frr El a', iEfflgm qadF r;Ir 'F5llu< Effr:l' {f{ ofirEe -A r.ri Fitd .sA g{ {Eql r!rf(1. qnnft n+t rl:=orr<rq,< <e-q+rri€ rrir.F {w ,!ij EE ofl ls ]rvrit< q]-fl:rf,q< itre 6a iBB-s, i;r< 641F i!rr< qtft+r e rjicg< r..,i.rx=Idi,f,,Tr".r= c-,i--,a 6'T11- =i:f! F= - ...re -. ffi fi oumi iths -'n, q livr ft-c .{l qticTiq .!< lfi{ir idri5 <{(s qt:r<t fiiTn l,J "i-io sra tgfi sln qt<]< El8id €t(I flr< qc:r {r. Frei6< ql{n tii ,,rr+ fffir<l c'iT(q{ 3"F .",-fi- 1E .r tiqrv< Finl] snr- Eqa. qe.rj ailn flffiui1ii{n T(,tA {.,tr qlorEfl "]{ii] i iia<rr {.a q]i.o ("ra iiaqn. 81tr t,tFro,{iEl s{5.{ll q,?rerl{+ 1+9 iT arl e$ti Ta,ri lfi'i] T- {s cj rira 'll<nq' er fr.f.r: fis'trqrl srFrl f'tmaE ct $S 1i EIEr[ft+ e8o irr.]. r]1n- q*ifi-+ s.rs (,,isl,,r.r 6fi- fu+a. r! illr qfl.+l {ia€i< c<v < 4 1i {l"i<ri aDA flF jI[< nrll ivEst . (Eudoxusl ,!< nln firrTe]r< 6aE?,t{lelt t{6lQFq , I:mirtrdq iiBTi lqe orq E€. qfu.* 6,.64ir<+ cex mikn (c),.e,r.) .,rar. 6{qEq rrin qfin Ifi 4i.JE {.r.o1iE , Cffi ftr.< :a . "-1F2'6.i1, , -rF 1< . ... ., -- ',-13' 1-1 r4 fra1 ['[Ei. adnc a+ri$ (.tr,z+< {.9 {?iin lfrfi ]€.r,..-. ji'Tr-rs adftnn lsrrdlon) fu+ 1-IJT{tre- {-fa- F.l llsir< {rftr: fu6 [i.i n1<k qil qF]rio 8t/
  • 47. c*furrrr EEq{ E{. qC< qFT lll{, L!$ eITtR dliTr <itlTn qt(4< err Flrlirfi flrq c< (..,2r fi{< 6{c{ dit+i qtri ,irglI{ ft.1 ilqR {ie )b)o c]I4 {ts3r6< .q-.rr-ri (rrryftrrrl ]fiii< ct:r-d fi.f{ F(<Ef,fi vsqE ffiirit< I .1< (qr-s ftI]< q{F "lja?R "ifrfi fl€lr {E t8iroc {]tE qE(] fi"lrs ,r"i, $$"lli qrgrt(-n <{< qt'E qti gc6-d foi rfffiq E"= oc< .hF,mFiror, {rr?r "rfti lc" qtel< djtT <l ta {qT< {i{ | arrr lri ccl qefia ac,ts s"A ffi f-{r< q{ r",2. qi li<{.t qi , $6 Ti yAn .rErft- "fft Tfied etGa E sr1E{€ fu'{rn efre cri fmijq <q Hir< ,ilri, {B s1t6E 'tfl-s ara rs.r,oot ot l .1. . Jri. ./ rfE+ F-in' . . Br 'TTla .s ..!@ ..^IU jTTlITr()T< q$ T{ ffi]fifi-{ (Emrosrhcncs) fuen qIrEsGrfuT aFE}< qrrrF a+zT i;ia$ (p) riE; ar<q. f;fi End< x< .ilifTci qrqqflot q€ir ffirn,!. a.F€ {FEro€ r6m a; qf!+l< c+c" qrrrlF ! qn{<.i lt<l q<.fi ia- qrm-sTa< ",ftfi 6a rcr& ,!l t{rdrflFql .JflAi qffq fa4n ar{ ta,ooo nliE c,ffr.qaEn si 1iI]I< eE -to6fl 5rrir6<€ Fr q{.U Cc T(r 9n ("lr$ r+fr 91 er:e va q, c{'1 qq$n iEt<{fi+< r{g'l l?il'< tr< rsTE 36E Eii fiqra dri ffi a{.i TgITr <p-r{ I1ffi i-i (sol) 1.r< =<r{=< .t. r r.. .qr6 #* fa.* rr?. <FF. cF. FTa "Iaqi. {i c.ra cqrl iiL.l tsril v,<< fir;r.ns< Fr+ffi z- "nr$ {i 1ft<.,r'd T{iiao <lqEl '@rfu .!<i i(I<rGr= 565116. 11li' qs) Tfl q{ lt e< qrr , fu-t1r? ffi- rr1. .)).J r9tria./. T- *er "r+ 4 r1r.:;6- En qftrl I <l({m q'ez4trs nli T,,[FC{ {€{s]& e ?r:iBFit v.(1fqafi €"i Ti .,lt-fl ft9.5 rfi<"x <t kS{Cnrn qFfr 1tq 1e. clsl {fl alr hiF{s q< Bsa re qfuq oE rirv rc+t fual E< qnsi lE qf*E 6{ai. melEl a{< TE 3<, -r< q1fu"k6 {+3s1 fwr er Solsricc or llrfic ofCapricorn) ql< ffi {ffi (Sur ner Sotsrice or tiopjc of 54r,A'{r/ Coan-a - 54 t- . 4 tta "n,<a C<.a n .,.'= ,11 ,eJfa;r 5.f,C e c.IiEei. d+t @fuao ftn<< nft{i (stene) n'[< Eii r+m { #+ !i!rK e{< qrl TF rtig-et1< ,lq T]f< c+rae Erir "irg -il ffi Frc ftirrarr 0 ?Fr< acirr-+i Irfi lisi EFI Fri cqtdn cr eF E4t< fu< a;;;;.,fej@=;rn su$r,ci Solsri.e=-6 r:crii inl.r SolJl..=nfr i!G6 Lq u rr(rfa{< .<.r.=fi.'r<- 't'.i5.]lIn.i lf,i,a1r 8 8b
  • 48. ,**=1i** --'*" .{sr tt'ne sl14l I I I I t t t t... ,lo,a q-d I re ,4 _ou ,nF .etT {Gi< 1i{q na4 efft <r for< =r]IJ]. q< 1fi- ifi Afi F3Tlr4i a{li€ E]lI]*]'g r'ii { , ftiF fii TlaE'+s- e1r3166fu-x:r TisLa .a-.r Czf.a" zfr< a.f..6 T1. E! cL{ IIn 'a-. .--.,a$r <tr<Ie- r_C{n srri:+rrqtfu-lr.i fr< Efqq a<r qiFoqitariil rrft< Etr€ fic io<-oifu(q 't(9 q< C?lrs ffi 1i6lts r<rer, itsa.< E"fl-?Ffi. ql-d6rfurrr Ern <'Ift, 1tift< ccg o'F T,ir lat affi< nfrz sal l:foan q<EE liris ffi qt<.r 6Frsn qraiF-srfuT ,,Jar tl*rl-B !<q o.ooo dE{i o "fEa.I Tiq ..1 ., a+ .h c*f,<: 'Ea.< -. ..?- b! n,. 6r, t'rerar BE<-E1+(fi 1ffir tr"i{ -{a{d ql a4a9< "j'nr-'eq q!il< ,iD-l {Gir< {rt{ (i 6(q itcri (i't). smrqfulr t=-r. icqr{r -$]ft (il q) q1q-rcT.fuT3 <fr 1vt or. ?riir Tin (ql q) c si,:?Ft fi1fl :tlrp , Flf,.erql E i- sdts ". ccq< (aI- .fu! Tfctl& d,rG q',-r'. qr Ti Tqr< q<f.iE ax.r:I -l< <Ftr'5r.fl iatsi, l{]s iia-:r,{n .;lffi >l(q mrs< srr+r JiT!:li <f q< E1It-elrsn fus. Fm sl q 4t fu9r63 Fl rstrl? s crif! (ot.t (i 9 qi) 'R-n< T{ta 4 r+lqfr ara'l r.1l ('5 rf"_rs.aa" 7'r,- 1,.?.4a -1'< .<r5: !" ..rs,7zrt"fa 3'aru aqcun itcrl c+m .q'n66fuTF EJqs t'r.iia dijlr .?rri -tl,l<
  • 49. qT st'l q.o,!<. {Aa< Ee< EI+Ifi "fi1ir .ly--rt {]iGR lqe]neq <t tc,ooo !]?d 16co arft c ii st (tr). BrtEl< ril qfii.m 4fiE T1< a'-rJta {rrE I imt'tiqzs< gFllfa <mr +r< (']IF. ii]zn3 n1s a?tr+ q1--an qt:q-<l qt< ro q? eir< +a hce-a a+< jrr< .!qqn {aEn .lr"flrqfr{tr (Arolonius) -i3 4{s.n n'rnA qftililb rA,cher)redcs) qf irqFTlq ' q("l]7"qlf{fl{ iBbl.6j Elcnr.fr( {F{]l qE ??3,.{ aEi n(< (141 -]{aT Entsiq F,JI{ nr< ofurc fiam .?lT lir.tr ijq 6Fr r":i qrr ei1 <Qo ffi l;r qtrrFfl,lw]3 G .!1E ?iks FtH firEn. ri T.aI ffi q<l]la rl,iErqn r.n elr ?Wi.-sr Fi-E q{qrq a13 ffi ?fun Gr.r.F' Tfi6 flotrq {.. 1og qrnt &a. rl fl}r {.qrtt.z< lvqrtr< e3:t-t +<o< F-rq GTa,J :In iil<q !i ffi nr< nfurE -rjnl. i-r qri e'.,,fir{ tiU1:rfs(- aBfur6. c.r .,tf<qq ftq.r qF q[E. FFrn rT4-rn ii]r,:r , ,"-=r-!q-Cr< .r- m : , ,E? .D-2 ,.f,' $tt <r.a.- Er< a L^ L3-tu 'fii eao ntr< ftcs) fl{rrl4{ln iFkF q6qd "f4fu+ n ft::: erdr or<fiaqa. ,=r< rru{ er.-rq-i{trr eg"ft- i'fi+ Uqor; liTrF n:n eqla !r- ;?i, li{ fl i;Tr qi . f- .r1<A s?rT.i -rorir zmq ,E 6{ ffi r1?€ >r'.1.1 <6- <6. ,ez< :s.rc 3-tsnq Tflf"r 'rfq-1rcfiq aE6]iu< a3fuiE (lo ordin e Ccorlrcrt . 'qT Grlifuk +si,li4ai-r {R]1{ str+ a7.:!-1ill1qtzr3 (EBr qa;r+ 'RE tci "tgcp. E{ rr"uzi"fi{rl "]l]trar4l. - - aa..-<-ne< ,, ,r"!, :i6- ;qgfufn __:racr ,1q.,: {q?li rlrrln. T{r crll.< i"r-.<i rcFttii fill q3irno- <r[s .r<" "JrF 6E Er<,, rtsiiT lrn' ?. (Sotrd figur.) !r<i ETI (E[+ (q"J]rr- {rE qftfi&{ : -!4n qr'na e:B;]Tlrn<. c:]lfu o'I<l atra )r(s- TiFtI4< Crt ,rliqt63 +?]] {{< yl(]ntr1<< irFrfi az1 fir]ffi -']1! r.E "Rn r -ln,e qtp 316 T{ Tt-l-: -r"@ Tlip l;?[T laraoi ,!F !rl]F a1E Ttii q,F {Cj; .elTr4 $6ni ri,r fta otriiftfufi< o{ l{ rir< fq.ete rrsi 6fi-i<ri c .snfiin- Ea.r{ ffi qi<rii;aox qar+ir Em:r (lrie,o)-< qliil-lr ,kfi ,n4rrSrn offiii-q 1iTn I']II qr++glfum n-'qit'i IC{ iitTt-rs 6a{a C!"nri il-ii:i ittss q6-i-.a qlrn"]nl .;<re{ i"riFl (-lr q[] qf5fu qi<ifttaT fi(n {r, 5.fi-i]] Err-et< nrr?l rfto. "j.,ndfrry .!Ti ri-!- ,fe:tx EFstsr< qse nFqgt< ,i4 6{Frn TEFiF rT$ iT< "ia< q tTa.fl {aaai {t{j ,1trc,?Errn< Cr.3 -n*< ,o]n€ BEnt Tl,Jr oglfu trfi rl€L-l -riofrlF qtqoRra Frii, -l< q-.i 6Tfi1fu c)
  • 50. LI' ft- l r--fr nil-r+ ftlF l+{,i) 4r4rr-ri {:'l.- r!r?.i?s .F rnlr f?r ..r-1 E-6ir T<t' ,1 qn ?i (iLLU..) 6r!- 1i -n -i {4{iii'Jl-) rarq? ?1 <E ldrn r! n-r-irF( iedn l{ !ll. -r! T. ='.rq r.lffi4 -3 lchF (n") (i nE _r7F9 d: Jl.E +!. ,!r rrF i!1 s .-r€'$ tqil€ q- l .flrsftT qsi (EnqrlrR iEE4 ,Eq !'{(r, !fi 'l €! 4n s 6'l_ci rE! -.r 6.r {i rq6 l1< q€rrji s{e (Eh n 1clei4 (Elllt$) i .iir4frc. qrs ,!?! (grPlcr.< 'nEE .qF d.F. rF i (!q <G- r$lr5ft- q<li 'r' fur.o rF 6.n, -c Tdl trra 6'q t"'ri n r q! .ErEr +n sTE"m3e ret (Hyrrdbola), E@ q"rJ [dl qf"_e"]"r1Ei {.6r .nq , I r<la€ .Ec @"r.ft? sn! d?l .E<!i,5ri< fiEE rE! rlrE. rfi Jr? .!-q (<!) .i (Eii { <r! E1< fi.$ airi'i!qn @q {Pa'!boln) | I sfr"iiqE rsq cl
  • 51. d€]Trri TI{ q{i$ 1,'q--1?qr{ qI{E alr E-dii< {afio et r IE<i. qtrfifu if.lqlBm ft q{qtr cflI]I&Iir, q< th sratT c<r"t l']Irrfuqd. E]i 94{ <'irE !;I(rF ,Irr€ri +i!rt 'lFM?{ic TirtE€ qgli+ tir { ffi+ ftIll< qr6fqlu{ ERq firc,ft Eq fte];] (r.rydrosratics) ,ns yr4aEl; ffi r-e,Ts (LcveD,qi fr'{.! qli$R TLTi. "llfr 4l-t TI< E'l.n aer{t< {d qi( ql<€ q(T+ €jp;< {t<qf?-s {i-ad!! qrftfi< +Lqn T-lite q]Iq, Llory{ Iri<lfoBlq< "Mr ft.Cr furc{l (Hied < s$?tiT f?q ERftffi (lts E]-{1{ {a{ f't.{Eq ffi vffifu5p aq ,!nil lifu firc sr{(Ti( Trs{ I q6ftfuc q*li{.r (Ffr Ts fi:flq er { I 1i 1t c"n+ e+it Est 4FEi Ta{j Fr{ c:nm q-c,i< vot c+or+ rq]"iT u"in iFri. i.dtsr< iiCE< 1rr 4Io T13 'flfu T.ll qfu(T a<r1 qTd Er,=d ftc{ g'i $m r+< E'ri 11 1in tfi ({< ari a!3]3 <t<A 4rF]1:I firfi qffifur ffi {€ qlrls<I.ii ql,] Es-{g il.ycr). Es-5@ (Cor-wheel) ,!n( Tltss (purley)-< aF"fi er<6d +LTr I ffi ct{< Eqm u(qj B€adt Etgl (atr$ ,!ait sl.lq "l1foE nfiIBrfuT{ emi qnq, ffi Fa-rr.<rra <r4fuq{. qarr$ 1AAli <rt-< riM<t< €$f 1lr Elc. q]3 fir ,!tii ste (qe) ns. ET{aE qtli la,ilas Ta'IrE qirE nrr< ,itwr+ ABrii T(aa[d : (T?r Ea{ fia-Ti;<i ftTllrll? Ecq qffiT(o T{6nd. 51'Et, sl'aI4 TE r< fir< c+n.: gs ',ql T€ aEirr (q{t'. fiil ' e-3! qf+1iG.{ ftr:n<n qc-{a{ rf+E co"rFt ftn ql€.{s{]st q,Ffili qEM fi1im {4I.I{. .{tEI, ,!? EiEt631{l asl {q a4rs <1 rji${ ("Ird qIl a{a1tq @rE qre {q clrrE qa c{s. qt< <p f4s Eqf, q1I ,! q]{5 {F-< Bfi ffi 5]qt< r, tra-TGr< {gal "rl r* q r qffifriq q*q< fi{ Gra:Is,eFl $i.Fq (compound pul .. "'13 .rrn Il? <r= <!".ae< * cR ;*.,,6-'t-. -IE Frt opmqfic ?tr< itr< fia,th Erre EF o{4, {an ?F. r.rn Ei TA a r{6< Efi ftil{i E{I, qliliEc F-nrd ,. ir6i ,r"tdtat <r{a]tr G.El,| cltrrux (etsi fF,qrrg <l furt) Us]{n TLTa fu1i at{rfduri rEe-:rz4< Fer< Gsn lqa{ <lli $ia"ti l?s BEF; rl_Td. qi c,;,slmili ,tin a{E]l dti€ll41 ..(.-<+: -i- F- .lrTJi 1'.- t*? .n<< < a-{?- <FC{. . :Id rq: r e.-r-. ag. qr<r< dicl (ns'it€ (!- qtt{lf+iq TiIT< ,r€{TL-Et $trE a{ti,g -lF , T{s qqlEl ql ffil "I{T vft .,,Tet <t glgl rtll {et1l €i{q .T.a A{i # cilrnq< En. q5e qt.iliE rFr. {<- .ff6ftfitr{< Airr< [.rTs[,] cnErr<t L!-{< fiffi qrfdftfu{ ,!ir{i ilen Frcr h{< srsi fl6cr Ga<. qi'64-:I {EE aa{ aqll]n n-<-