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PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH RUMAH POTONG HEWAN (RPH)
SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF SUMBER FOSFOR
DI BIDANG PERTANIAN

Oleh :
SUDIBYO
3303100066

1

Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan, FTSP – ITS Surabaya 2010
Latar Belakang

Pencemaran Badan Air

Kelangkaan Fosfor
Mekanisme Pengelolaan
Lingkungan

2

Recovery Fosfat
dalam Bentuk
Struvite
(MgNH4PO4.6H2O)
Karakteristik Limbah
Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH)
Mayoritas RPH yang ada di Indonesia membuang limbahnya, baik cair
(darah, urine dan air pencucian) maupun padat (tulang, rumen dan
kotoran hewan) ke sungai (Mary, 2002).
Dalam limbah rumah potong hewan, terdapat senyawa fosfat (PO4-P)
sebesar 80,95 mg/L dan senyawa ammonia (NH3-N) sebesar 154,54 mg/L
(Purnamawati, 2002).

3
Pencemaran Badan Air - Eutrofikasi
PP. No. 82 Tahun 2001 tentang
Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air

4
Latar Belakang

Struvite
(MgNH4PO4.6H2O)

Aspek Lingkungan

Aspek Ekonomi

- Mengurangi
Konsentrasi Fosfor
pada Air Limbah
- Pupuk yang Aman
bagi Tanaman

- Sumber Alternatif
Fosfor
- Bernilai Jual dan
dapat Dimanfaatkan

5

Burns, et al., (2001) dan Wang, et al., (2005)
Penggunaan Fosfat Dunia

World’s consumption and depletion of phosphorus (Steen, 1998)

6
Penurunan Cadangan Fosfat Dunia

World’s consumption and depletion of phosphorus (Steen, 1998)

7
Komponen Utama dalam Struvite
1

2

3

Fosfor

Ammonium

Magnesium

Fosfor yang
terkandung dalam
limbah domestik yang
terlarut dapat berupa
orthophosphates;
PO43-, HPO42-,dan
H2PO4.
(Booker, Priestley,
Fraser, 1999)

Jumlah yang besar
dan sifatnya yang
mudah terdegradasi
menjadi nitrogen
atau ammonia
(SchultzeRettmer, 1991).

Magnesium yang
ditambahkan berupa
magnesium khlorida
(MgCl2), magnesium
hidroksida
(Mg(OH)2) atau
magnesium oksida
(MgO).
(Nakamura, 2002)

8
Mekanisme Recovery Fosfor
Struvite terbentuk melalui proses kristalisasi (Doyle, 2002):

Mg2+ + NH4+ + PO43- + 6H2O  MgNH4PO4.6(H2O)

Kondisi pH optimum untuk kristalisasi
adalah 9-10,5 (Song, et al., 2007):

Mg2+ + NH4+ + HPO42- + OH- + 6H2O 
MgNH4PO4.6H2O + H2O
9
Proses Pengendapan Struvite

Phase 1

Penambahan
Magnesium

10

Phase 2

Pengikatan
Magnesium
terhadap Fosfat
dan Ammonium

Phase 3

Pengendapan
Materi berupa
Struvite
Efisiensi Pengendapan Struvite

Proses kristalisasi tersebut mampu memberikan nilai efisiensi
pengendapan dan recovery P sebesar 89,6% dan 80,2% .
(Marti, 2010)
11
Potensi Struvite sebagai Sumber Fosfor
dalam Bidang Pertanian
Bernilai ekonomis

Komposisi efektif

Slow-release

12

Kandungan Fosfat Tinggi

Stuvite

Mudah larut dalam air

Mudah larut dalam tanah
KESIMPULAN

• Limbah rumah potong hewan (RPH)
dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif sumber fosfor.
• Metode yang efektif dalam memperoleh struvite
proses kristalisasi
• Potensi struvite sebagai pupuk dari limbah rumah
potong hewan (RPH) benilai ekonomis dan ramah
lingkungan
13
Sudibyo
3307100066
Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan
Fakultas teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya
E-mail: sudibyo66@enviro.its.ac.id
Phone: +6285645466170

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Struvite mengubah limbah jadi bermanfaat

  • 1. PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH RUMAH POTONG HEWAN (RPH) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF SUMBER FOSFOR DI BIDANG PERTANIAN Oleh : SUDIBYO 3303100066 1 Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan, FTSP – ITS Surabaya 2010
  • 2. Latar Belakang Pencemaran Badan Air Kelangkaan Fosfor Mekanisme Pengelolaan Lingkungan 2 Recovery Fosfat dalam Bentuk Struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O)
  • 3. Karakteristik Limbah Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) Mayoritas RPH yang ada di Indonesia membuang limbahnya, baik cair (darah, urine dan air pencucian) maupun padat (tulang, rumen dan kotoran hewan) ke sungai (Mary, 2002). Dalam limbah rumah potong hewan, terdapat senyawa fosfat (PO4-P) sebesar 80,95 mg/L dan senyawa ammonia (NH3-N) sebesar 154,54 mg/L (Purnamawati, 2002). 3
  • 4. Pencemaran Badan Air - Eutrofikasi PP. No. 82 Tahun 2001 tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air 4
  • 5. Latar Belakang Struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) Aspek Lingkungan Aspek Ekonomi - Mengurangi Konsentrasi Fosfor pada Air Limbah - Pupuk yang Aman bagi Tanaman - Sumber Alternatif Fosfor - Bernilai Jual dan dapat Dimanfaatkan 5 Burns, et al., (2001) dan Wang, et al., (2005)
  • 6. Penggunaan Fosfat Dunia World’s consumption and depletion of phosphorus (Steen, 1998) 6
  • 7. Penurunan Cadangan Fosfat Dunia World’s consumption and depletion of phosphorus (Steen, 1998) 7
  • 8. Komponen Utama dalam Struvite 1 2 3 Fosfor Ammonium Magnesium Fosfor yang terkandung dalam limbah domestik yang terlarut dapat berupa orthophosphates; PO43-, HPO42-,dan H2PO4. (Booker, Priestley, Fraser, 1999) Jumlah yang besar dan sifatnya yang mudah terdegradasi menjadi nitrogen atau ammonia (SchultzeRettmer, 1991). Magnesium yang ditambahkan berupa magnesium khlorida (MgCl2), magnesium hidroksida (Mg(OH)2) atau magnesium oksida (MgO). (Nakamura, 2002) 8
  • 9. Mekanisme Recovery Fosfor Struvite terbentuk melalui proses kristalisasi (Doyle, 2002): Mg2+ + NH4+ + PO43- + 6H2O  MgNH4PO4.6(H2O) Kondisi pH optimum untuk kristalisasi adalah 9-10,5 (Song, et al., 2007): Mg2+ + NH4+ + HPO42- + OH- + 6H2O  MgNH4PO4.6H2O + H2O 9
  • 10. Proses Pengendapan Struvite Phase 1 Penambahan Magnesium 10 Phase 2 Pengikatan Magnesium terhadap Fosfat dan Ammonium Phase 3 Pengendapan Materi berupa Struvite
  • 11. Efisiensi Pengendapan Struvite Proses kristalisasi tersebut mampu memberikan nilai efisiensi pengendapan dan recovery P sebesar 89,6% dan 80,2% . (Marti, 2010) 11
  • 12. Potensi Struvite sebagai Sumber Fosfor dalam Bidang Pertanian Bernilai ekonomis Komposisi efektif Slow-release 12 Kandungan Fosfat Tinggi Stuvite Mudah larut dalam air Mudah larut dalam tanah
  • 13. KESIMPULAN • Limbah rumah potong hewan (RPH) dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif sumber fosfor. • Metode yang efektif dalam memperoleh struvite proses kristalisasi • Potensi struvite sebagai pupuk dari limbah rumah potong hewan (RPH) benilai ekonomis dan ramah lingkungan 13
  • 14. Sudibyo 3307100066 Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan Fakultas teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya E-mail: sudibyo66@enviro.its.ac.id Phone: +6285645466170