1. Stock Valuation â
Fundamental Analysis
Essentials of Corporate Finance
Chapters 2, 3, 5, 7
Materials Created by Glenn Snyder â San Francisco State University
2. February 26, 2007 Materials Created by Glenn Snyder â San Francisco State University 2
Topics
ïź What is Fundamental Analysis?
ïź Who Performs Fundamental Analysis
ïź Fundamental Analysis Process
ï± Data Gathering
ï± Building Models
ï± Analysis
ï± Determining the Business Outlook and Value
ï± Buy / Sell Recommendations
ïź Career Advice for a Equity Research Analyst
3. February 26, 2007 Materials Created by Glenn Snyder â San Francisco State University 3
Fundamental Analysis
ïź Fundamental Analysis seeks to determine a
companyâs outlook based on factors related to the
company itself
ï± Fundamental analysis includes:
ïź Company Analysis
ï± Evaluation of the business model
ï± Financial Statement Analysis
ï§ Ratio Analysis
ï± Cash Flow Analysis
ï± Management Analysis
ïź Economic Analysis
ï± Economic Forecasts and Trends
ïź Industry Analysis
4. February 26, 2007 Materials Created by Glenn Snyder â San Francisco State University 4
Who Performs Fundamental Analysis?
ïź Equity Research Analysts
ï± Produce fundamental analysis to generate
investment recommendations
ïź Investors
ï± Portfolio Managers make decisions based on the
recommendations of research analysts
5. February 26, 2007 Materials Created by Glenn Snyder â San Francisco State University 5
Fundamental Analysis Process
ïź Prior to making an investment
recommendation, an Equity Analyst conducts
fundamental research on a particular
company
ïź This process includes
ï± Gathering Data
ï± Building Models and Analyzing Data
ï± Determining the Business Outlook and Value
ï± Developing a Recommendation
6. February 26, 2007 Materials Created by Glenn Snyder â San Francisco State University 6
Data Gathering
ïź The first step in fundamental analysis is data
gathering.
ï± Data sources include:
ïź Company specific publications
ï± SEC Filings (e.g. 10K (Annual Report), 8K, Proxy Statements, etc)
ï± Company press releases
ï± Company website
ïź Media
ï± Industry specific publications (e.g. Banking â American Banker)
ï± General Media
ï§ Wall Street Journal
ï§ Morningstar
ï§ Barronâs
7. February 26, 2007 Materials Created by Glenn Snyder â San Francisco State University 7
Data Gathering
ïź Additional Data Sources include:
ï± Quarterly Analyst Calls
ï± Company Presentations
ï± Personal Meetings / Conference Calls
ïź Company officers, competitors, industry experts,
suppliers, customers, etc.
ï± Financial Databases
ïź FactSet
ïź Bloomberg
ïź Reuters
8. February 26, 2007 Materials Created by Glenn Snyder â San Francisco State University 8
Building Models
ïź Equity Research Analysts build economic, industry,
and company models that will project a companyâs
stock price.
ï± These models include:
ïź Model Inputs
ï± Impacts of Product Releases
ï± Seasonality and Trends
ï§ Growth and Profitability
ï§ Dollar and Marginal
ï± Foreseen events (e.g. spin-offs, acquisitions, etc.)
ïź Model Outputs
ï± Financial Projections (including dividend projections)
ï± Ratio Analysis
9. February 26, 2007 Materials Created by Glenn Snyder â San Francisco State University 9
Building Models
ïź The models will reflect the economic,
industry, and company information gathered
through the various sources identified earlier
ïź The models will be updated periodically or
when new, significant information is released
to the public
10. February 26, 2007 Materials Created by Glenn Snyder â San Francisco State University 10
Analysis
ïź Now the Equity Analyst is ready to analyze the data
ï± Economic Forecast and Analysis
ïź PCI and Economic Growth Models
ï± Industry Analysis
ïź Trends in Investment Cycles
ïź Trends in Technology Advancement
ïź Competitiveness of the Industry
ï± Company Forecast and Analysis
ïź Financial Projections
ïź Peer Comparison
ïź Management Analysis
11. February 26, 2007 Materials Created by Glenn Snyder â San Francisco State University 11
Determining the Business Outlook and
Value
ïź The business outlook is based on factors
related to the current and expected strength
of the economy, industry, and company.
ïź The value of the company can be determined
by a number of valuation methods:
ï± Discounted Cash Flows
ï± Dividend Discount Model
ï± Asset Valuation
ï± Relative Valuation
12. February 26, 2007 Materials Created by Glenn Snyder â San Francisco State University 12
Buy / Sell Recommendations
ïź Based on the investment style, objectives, and
research conclusions, the Equity Research Analyst
provides an investment recommendation:
ï± Buy, Sell, or Hold
ïź Investment Style Matters
ï± Value Investor
ïź A value investor looks to invest in a security that is trading at a
discount to its fair value and looks to sell when it is trading
above that value
ï± Growth Investor
ïź A growth investor looks to invest in companies with above
average prospects for growth in the future
13. February 26, 2007 Materials Created by Glenn Snyder â San Francisco State University 13
Buy / Sell Recommendations
ïź Example:
ï± Research Conclusion:
ïź Current Stock Price: $35
ïź Valuation (based on DCF): $35
ïź Outlook: The near to mid-term outlook for the company
is excellent. It should see revenue and earnings growth
well above the economic growth, and revenue and
earnings growth should outpace the industry growth as
well
ï± Recommendation for a Value Manager: Sell
ï± Recommendation for Growth Manager: Buy
14. February 26, 2007 Materials Created by Glenn Snyder â San Francisco State University 14
Career Advice for a Buy Side Equity
Research Analyst
ïź Process and detail oriented
ïź Strong quantitative skills
ï± Economic, industry, and company modeling
ïź Excellent verbal and written communication skills
ï± Presentations and written reports (recommendations)
ïź Possess or willing to develop industry knowledge
ï± E.g. Biotechnology, Technology, Healthcare, etc.
ïź Graduate level education
ï± MBA and/or Chartered Financial Analyst Designation (CFA)
ïź Some large asset management firms will have an
analyst training program
ï± Highly Competitive