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Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor Anatomy
- 2. By the end of this lecture, the student should be able to: 1- Memorize the chronology of permanent maxillary central incisors 2- Describe the different aspects of permanent maxillary central incisor. 3- Describe the pulp cavity of the permanent maxillary central incisor. لُقَو ِّ بَّر اًمْلِع يِنْد ِ ز
- 3. General information about the incisors Types Maxillary central and lateral Mandibular central and lateral Numbers 8 in total - 4 maxillary and 4 mandibular Surfaces Labial, lingual, mesial, distal, incisal Functions Cutting food, Pronunciation of letters, Esthetics (especially supporting lips)
- 5. Universal system? Write the number of maxillary central incisors by the 3 numbering systems? Right central incisor Rt Lt Left central incisor 8 9 Palmer system? 1 1 2 digit system? 11 21
- 6. 6-7 y Enamel organ appearance: Chronology 5 m.i.u. Beginning of calcification 3-4 M m.i.u. = Months Intra-Uterine m= Months (after birth) Crown completed 4-5 y. y= years Eruption 7-8 y. Root completed 10 y.
- 7. There are 2 Upper (maxillary) central incisors The central incisor contacts the lateral incisor distally And contacts the central incisor of the other side mesially
- 8. General rules in description 1- The directions of the surfaces are inverted from the right tooth an its corresponding left one. Example: In the right central incisor, in the labial aspect: * The mesial side is located in the left side of the patient (right in this photo) * The distal side is located in the right of the patient (left in this photo) If we studied the left central incisor, the directions are inverted Same rule is followed in the study of all aspects Rt Lt Distal Mesial Mesial Distal
- 9. General rules in description Labial Lingual 2- The directions are also inverted between (labial and lingual) Example: In the right central incisor, in the labial aspect: * The mesial side is located in the left side of the patient (right in this photo) * The distal side is located in the right side of the patient (left in this photo) If we studied the lingual aspect of the same tooth (right central incisor), the mesial side will be the opposite Same rule is followed in the study of (mesial and distal aspects) Distal Mesial Mesial Distal
- 10. Apply the rule number 2 In the right central incisor, in the mesial aspect: * The lingual side is located in the left side of the patient (right in this photo) * The labial side is located in the right side of the patient (left in this photo) If we studied the distal aspect of the right central incisor, the directions are inverted Labial Lingual Lingual Labial Mesial Distal
- 11. Central incisor from all aspects (surfaces) (we will study the right central incisor) Labial Lingual Mesial Distal Incisal
- 13. Labial aspect I- Crown: A) geometric outline: Trapezoid ()شبهِّمنحرف (short side cervical /long side incisal) M D What is the trapezoid? 4-sided shape With 2 parallel &uneven sides And 2 even & unparalleled sides
- 14. Labial aspect B) outlines: 1- Cervical line: Convex rootwise 2- Mesial outline: Straight slightly convex Contact area: (Incisal third) 3- Distal outline: More convex Contact area: Just cervical to the junction of incisal and middle thirds 4- Incisal: * Mamelons seen in newly erupted incisors * Incisal edge is straight and perpendicular to midline *Mesial angle sharp &distal rounded 1 2 3 Mesial angle Distal angle Mesial contact area Distal contact area
- 15. Labial aspect C) surface: Elevations: Cervical ridge depressions: Shallow mesiolabial &distolabial developmental grooves Reaching the middle third II- root:- -Outline: Conical -Surface: Smooth & convex -Apex: Blunt & centered These symmetric criteria of the root are present in this tooth and in lower second premolars Thus, their extraction easier than other teeth
- 16. Lingual aspect I- Crown A) geometric outline: Same as labial (with lingual convergence) Lingual convergence: The narrowing of the mesiodistal dimension from labial to lingual
- 17. Lingual aspect B) outlines: Same as labial (with inverted directions as discussed before) C) surface: *Elevations: Cingulum marginal ridges incisal ridge *Depressions: lingual fossa Cingulum II- root:- Same as labial but narrower Incisal ridge Mesial marginal ridge Distal marginal ridge The lingual fossa gives the tooth the shovel shape
- 18. Mesial aspect B) outlines: *Cervical line: Concave rootwise *Labial outline : Convex cervical 1/3 (cervical ridge) Then less convex to the incisal edge *Lingual outline : Convex (cingulum) Concave (lingual fossa) Convex (incisal ridge) *incisal: Midline Cervical line Cervical ridge Cingulum Lingual fossa Incisal ridge I- Crown A) geometric outline: Triangle (base is cervical) Less convex
- 19. Mesial aspect C) surface: Contact area: Incisal 1/3 II- root:- Outline: Conical Surface: Smooth and convex Apex: Blunt and centered
- 20. Distal aspect I- Crown: A) geometric outline: As mesial B) outlines: As mesial aspect except: *Cervical line: Less curved C) surface: Contact area: Just cervical to the junction of incisal and middle thirds II- root:- As mesial Mesial Distal Less curved Contact area
- 21. Incisal aspect A) geometric outline: Triangular (base labially and apex lingyally) B) Incisal edge: Centered labio-lingually C) Cingulum: Slightly shifted to distal Labial Lingual
- 22. Pulp cavity Three Pulp horns Single root canal: Cross section: Triangular (base labially and apex lingually)
- 24. ** Evaluate the surface Evaluate this work
- 25. Evaluate this work ** Evaluate the contact
- 27. ** Evaluate the incisal angles
- 28. ** Evaluate the incisal edge
- 29. ** Evaluate the incisal edge
- 30. ** Evaluate the incisal edge
- 31. ** Evaluate the contact Evaluate the cervical ridge amount
- 33. Wheeler's Dental anatomy, physiology, and occlusion". APA (6th ed.) Ash, M. M. (1993). Ads AH, El-Zainy MA, , Shenaishen SF, Halawa AM. Fundamentals Of Tooth Morphology&Physiology. Faculty of Dentistry Ain Shams University. 2020.