ARC 211 American Diversity and Design Chaoran Wang PDF

University at Buffalo-State University of New York
American Diversity and Design Discussion Questions
Chaoran Wang
Spring 2017
ARC211
Image Resource: http://api-university.com/blog/what-is-api-design/

Welcome Page
D+D influenced me a lot on designing our public place. I never touched the area about
American diversity and design before. After I took ARC211, I learned that designing is
important in our world and every one can be a designer. I found that urban designing
particularly compelling because our urban park and natural rivers etc. are all protected by
our urban designers. Now, when I am going out, even just a subway station, I will have at
least the basic idea about the designing of the facility layout they have in the station. How
did they work, why did designer put them like that.
Photographer: Jiashan Zhao
The following pages document my responses to the online discussion questions in the
Spring 2017 version of ARC 211 American Diversity and Design at the University at
Buffalo – State University of New York.

Thread 1: Introduction
This thread provides you with an opportunity to "meet" each other and initiate a
connection with participants in your group. In responding to this discussion thread, please
introduce yourself and provide us with one interesting fact about yourself. After posting
your introduction, take a look through and reply to some of the others. The purpose of this
exercise is to develop a sense of community. You might find that you share similar
experiences and can help each other in many ways throughout the semester.
Hello everyone! I am Chaoran Wang. I am from NYC. Now it is the third year I am here at
UB. I really like numbers and that is why when I was in high school, I already decided that I am
going to be a math major, so now I am a math major junior. I enrolled this course for general
education purpose. One of my interests is to write short and long stories because I am not good at
writing, so I started to write stories five or six years ago to practice myself. I think this course
will be hard for me but glad to see you all, hope we can all have good time here.
Photographer: Shuping Zheng

Thread 2: Response to "What is design?" from Hello World
On “What is design?” from Hello World: Where Design Meets Life by Alice Rawsthron
The author opened her chapter with the example of Ying Zheng, the ruler of the Qin
empire, one of the most powerful and enduring empires I the history of China. She
explained how design innovation contributed to Ying Zheng’s success. For example, in the
development of weaponry, he resolved many problems by standardizing parts, and this
single innovation gave his armies great advantage over other armies.
For this discussion, let’s move away from 246 B.C. China, and into the U.S. Describe an
innovation or invention (can be current or historical) that gave advantage to a group of
people in the U.S. or to the population as a whole. What were the social impacts of this
innovation? Were any groups negatively impacted by this innovation? For example, the
telegraph, developed and patented in the United States in 1837 by Samuel Morse,
permitted people and commerce to transmit messages across both continents and oceans
almost instantly, with widespread social and economic impacts. This heightened
communication speed allowed business persons to make decisions with up-to-date
information, often resulting in big profits. Those without access had to rely on out-dated
information, which put them
at a disadvantage.
The first thing came up to my
mind is the steam engine. The
modern steam engine appeared
around 1800, engineers and
inventors from around the world
created earlier models. The first
steam engine appeared in the 1st
century A.D. Steam engine have
many advantages to us. First, it
allowed the generation of power

from a chemical source, burning coal to create steam and converting that into physical energy.
This led to the development of transportation systems based around steam engine technology
such as the locomotive and the steamship, drastically reducing the time it took to transport
people and goods across long distances.
It also led to advancements in automation and manufacturing, since that same physical energy
could be used to drive tools. A single worker armed with steam power could do the work of
dozens if not hundreds of manual laborers in the same time period. Finally, steam power led to
the one invention that made the modern world possible: electricity. Steam turbines were the first
method of generating electric power on a large scale, and even in the modern world, technologies
such as coal, natural gas and even nuclear power generation rely on steam to generate the power
that drives the world.
However, the steam engine is unsafe to use. This negatively affect the works who work with
steam engine because its boiler can burst due to excessive steam pressure. Thus, the most
dangerous part of a steam engine is its boiler where steam is produced.
Image Resource: http://www.farmcollector.com/company-history/george-frick-zmlz12marzbea

Thread 3: Response to "Introduction" from Diversity and Design
On “Introduction” from Diversity and Design: Understanding Hidden Consequences
The editors state that “diverse participation in the design process, from both professionals
and public citizens alike, yields more equitable results.” This makes sense, but typically has
not been the case. Nonetheless, many marginalized groups have impacted design in ways
that have changed our visual and physical worlds as well as our systems, policies, and
institutions. For example, in the 1960s, disability rights advocates designed media events to
raise awareness about barriers in the physical environment. They persisted with their
efforts for decades, and, finally, in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. It
mandated accessibility in public accommodations such as restaurants and stores, public
transportation, communication, and other areas of public life. This dramatically changed
our physical environment (from curb cuts to ramps to automatic doors) and the results
made public life more equitable.
Now it’s your turn. Describe a design that was impacted by a diversity group. How and
why did it change form and/or circumstances? (Note that a design can be anything
requiring planning and development prior to the production of an action, system, visual,
material object, or environment. Also, keep in mind that, for our purposes, a diversity
group is a group of individuals who are underrepresented in society in some way—
children, older adults, the economically disadvantaged, those with cognitive disabilities,
etc.)
The American Red Cross (ARC), also known as the
American National Red Cross, is a humanitarian
organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster
relief and education in the United States. It is the
designated US affiliate of the international federation of
red cross and red crescent societies.
The organization offers services in four areas:
communications services and comfort for military service

and family members; the collection, processing and distribution of blood and blood products;
educational programs on preparedness, health and safety; and international relief and
development programs.
For example, the disaster in Haiti, red cross helped 4.3 million people in Haiti rebuild their lives.
In other areas, it helped reconnect nearly 900 families separated by international war and
disaster. Continued to invest in disaster preparedness, making communities less vulnerable in 32
countries. Provided urgent assistance to millions of people affected by disaster in 24 countries.
The people who got helped from red cross got a new home and education. The blood drive in red
cross also saved many people's life. Red cross helped homeless people all over the world which
give them a new start of life.
Image Resource: http://www.thebigdm.com/american-red-cross-poster-offensive/

Thread 1: Response to Media/Society Chapter and TED Talk on Photographs
Where would you place the images shown in Photos That Changed the World
into Croteau and Hoynes' diagram entitled “Model of Media and the Social World”?
Identify a mass media photograph taken in your own lifetime that has served as an icon of
an event. (Feel free to add an attachment.) What roles does this photo play in the
communication of the event?
I would place the images shown in “Photos That Changed the World” into both the Media
message or product and Readers or audience. The pictures shown in the “Photos That Changed
the World” are very meaningful, especially represents the significant event in that moment by
those pictures. From these pictures we can get more attention to the events. Through the media or
audience, it will spread fast and wild. Although there are still some people who do not have
computer or TV, but there are still more
chances to grab attentions of people.
The picture I found that has served as an
icon of an event is a girl in the Syrian. At
first, people thought this photo is fake
because the person named Abu Shaban
who shared this photo on the internet
confirmed that she had not taken the
photo herself, but could not explain who
had. Finally, we found out that Osman
Sağırlı took this picture, a Turkish photojournalist. The child is a four-year-old girl, Hudea. The
image was taken at the Atmeh refugee camp in Syria, in December 2012. She travelled to the
camp near the Turkish border with her mother and two siblings. It is some 150 km from their
home in Hama. Osman Sağırlı used a telephoto lens, but Hudea thought it was a weapon. The
image quickly spread across the social network. It realized us that war is cruelty, to stop the war
has become an imperative action. If the original post of this picture did not spread on the mass
media, no one would know what happened there.
Image Resource: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syrian-child-
photographed-surrendering-to-camera-because-she-thought-it-was-a-gun-10146198.html

Thread 2: Response to Articles on Hats as Communication Design
Typically, we do not think of hats as elements of mass media or social media. However, the
two hats (red and pink) discussed in the articles certainly have taken on that role. Why are
the two hats (red and pink) mentioned in the articles vehicles of communication design?
What meanings do each of the two hats carry? In terms of communication design, how are
they similar? And how are they different from one another?
Trump's red trucker hat,
with "Make America
Great Again," on it was a
poorly designed product
that turned out to be very
strong branding. This is
because it has messages
on the hats, the design
and the hat itself do not have too much value, but with the words on, it contains meaning. Hats
can carry information because it can be a symbol of something you want it to represent, such as
the red on the hat is the color for the Republican party. Both of the hats can be a communication
designs because of "good design" can achieve as a communication tool in a political context. The
designer of pink hat with “No” on it believe that one of the benefits of using clothing and hats as
a sign of one’s politics is that it allows other people who may not get to places like Washington,
D.C. to show that they are in solidarity. The similarity between these two hats are both of them
carry information that designers want to spread. The different between them is that the red hat of
Trump is more focused on the statement, they use statement to carry meaning. The pink hat
designer is not limited only on statement on the clothing or hats but also the materials they use,
such as denim and leather.
Image Resource: http://www.esquire.com/news-politics/politics/news/a46039/trump-spending-
on-hats/

Thread 1: Response to “Industrial Design” by John Heskett and "The Incredible
Inventions of Intuitive AI" by Maurice Conti
In his chapter on industrial design (written in 1987), historian John Heskett claims that the
methods of mass production introduced by Henry Ford in the U.S. involved new concepts
of the standardization and integration of the production line that were adopted across the
world. With Ford’s method, work could be completed by relatively unskilled workers; it
was more efficient and with this method, products were made more quickly and cheaply
than previously possible. What were some of the social consequences of Ford’s production
line? In other words, how did this system change our U.S. society? Do any of those changes
remain with us today? Now consider Maurice Conti’s TED Talk, and the predictions he
makes about production. How do you think manufacturing processes will change in the
next twenty years? How do you think these changes will affect our U.S. society?
In our world, the human resource is limit and also the manufacturing process will always
consume many of the human resources. However, the manufacturing will become the most
important part of the world because manufacturing process is a way that improves our life.
Manufacturing process plays a main role in our society, especially for economy. I have learned
so many things about manufacturing when I took economy class. Almost every class I took talk
about manufacturing, it improves our economy level and makes our life more convenience. In
the next twenty years, I believe manufacturing process will become more important.
Image Resource: https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-manufacturing-process-chart-
business-concept-image57689258

Thread 1: Response to All Module 4 Materials
Your readings and viewings this week present different ways of thinking about
architecture. Mies Van der Rohe describes architecture as “The will of the epoch translated
into space.” Andrew Ballantyne describes architecture as the background for life. Jeanne
Gang describes it as the act of building relationships. All agree that architecture can
change based on context and culture. Choose two works of architecture from any of your
materials this week—one with sensibilities about the past and one with sensibilities about
the present and/or future. How do each of these buildings either reflect or challenge their
cultural contexts? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question.)
I think the first work of architecture from our material this week with sensibilities about the past
is Virginia State Capitol
Building. The Virginia State
Capitol was Jefferson’s
declaration of independence
from British architecture. Its
influence is seen in more than
two centuries of neoclassical
government and commercial
buildings across America,
from local banks and post
offices to the U.S. Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. In our video "Ten buildings that
changes America", they said that Virginia State Capitol Building built based on the roman
temple. From here we can see that there is always a relationship between past buildings and the
buildings we created. As in the TED talk about buildings built communication of people, I think
there is communication between buildings. The Virginia State Capitol Building reflects the
cultural contexts because it represents independent. Virginians declared their independence from
Great Britain and wrote the state's first constitution, thereby creating an independent government
four days before Congress voted for the Declaration of independence in Philadelphia

The work of architecture from materials this week
with sensibilities about the present is the Silk
Pavilion. The Silk Pavilion explores the relationship
between digital and biological fabrication on
product and architectural scales. Perhaps the most
fascinating aspect of the Silk Pavilion is the way it
connects the dots between the world of information
technology and biology. Before I watch the TED take about Silk Pavilion, I do not even know
we can connect human body or cells to architecture. This Silk Pavilion reflects the culture
contexts because this project is intended to explore how digital and biological fabrication
techniques can be combined to produce architectural structures.
First Image Resource:
https://www.bluffton.edu/homepages/facstaff/sullivanm/virginia/richmond/capitol/capitol.html
Second Image Resource:
http://matter.media.mit.edu/environments/details/silk-pavillion

Thread 2: Response to Ballantyne and Zumthor Articles
Andrew Ballantyne and Peter Zumthor present ideas about architecture that seem to value
the sensorial and material elements of life. How are Ballantyne’s and Zumthor’s viewpoints
on architecture alike? More importantly, how do they differ? (Use the SEE-IT method to
respond to this question.)
Ballantyne's viewpoint is that building represent human who lived in or built it. We do not only
focus visual attention to the buildings but also take them as habits. The "good house" is
inseparable from the "good life". They are instruments that help us to do both the things we have
to do, sleeping, refueling, washing and also various things that we can choose to do or not to do.
Houses are sometimes used to accumulate tokens of personal memories, object of aesthetic
interest, and things that we imagine will enhance our status in the eyes of the people we want to
impress; they can be used to nurture friendships, family, or career contacts. This is as same as
Zumther wrote that Memories like these contain the deepest architectural experience that
he knows. they are the reservoirs of the architecture atmospheres and images that he explores
in his work as an architect. When he designs a building, he frequently finds himself sinking in to
old, half-forgotten memories. The different between them is that Ballantyne thinks without
buildings' inhabitants investing the dwelling with their echoes, the building becomes precisely as
lifeless as an empty shell. In the article of Zumthor, he believes that architecture has its
own realm. It has a special physical relationship with life. He does not think of it primarily as
either a message or a symbol. Image Resource: http://www.gbpn.org/

Thread 1: Response to Levy Article
Here is your discussion question on the Levy article. Please post your own response, and
respond to at least two other students' responses.
John Levy’s article, “An Overview: The Need for Planning,” discussed ways in which
planning can determine the characteristics of a place. For example, some smaller towns
restrict the heights of buildings to maintain a certain scale. How did planning define the
character of the place in which you grew up?
I grew up in a small city----Kaifeng. It is old and beautiful. Kaifeng, known previously by
several names, is a prefecture-level city in east-central Henan, China. It was once the capital of
the Song dynasty, and is one of the Eight Ancient Capitals of China. Since this town is important
in the history. The buildings in this town is also very traditional and Chinese style. I lived in
around the center of the town, there was an auto-free street. In the annual construction quantities
of every country, the urban reformation item occupies a large proportion, and the renewal of
the commercial
pedestrian street
is the important
part.
Commercial
pedestrian street
was a symbol of
city visualize,
just like the
business card of
the city. The city
commercial
pedestrian street
not merely meets the needs of social economic development of city, but also meets people's
psychology and culture's needs.

However, the most significant symbols of Kaifeng are not only the pedestrian street, it also
includes the stores in the street. All the stores' name is written on the Chinese traditional plaque.
This plaque is a very strong symbol of history. It demonstrated the brilliance of China's ancient
culture. Kaifeng offers a wide range of food specialties such as steaming pie and dumplings. In
the evening, Kaifeng's streets turn into restaurants while hundreds open their stands and begin
selling their food in the famous night market. Often people from the nearby Zhengzhou come to
Kaifeng to spend an evening with their family, as the atmosphere is very appealing. The most
character of the night market is not those foods. It is the small business during the night market.
It is mandatory to those small business man, they must use a Chinese ancient dining car during
the night market. During the night market. The attached file is a picture of the night market of
Kaifeng.
Image Resource: As stated on the right corner of image

Thread 2: Response to Pruitt Igoe Project, Talen, and Larson
Here is your discussion question on the Pruitt Igoe project, the Talen article, and
the Larson lecture. article. Please post your own response, and respond to at least two other
students' responses.
Imagine that you are part of a urban planning and design firm working with Emily Talen
(author of “Design That Enables Diversity”) and Kent Larson (who gave the TED Talk
"Brilliant Designs to Fit More People In Every City" The thee of you have been tasked
with developing a plan to rebuild Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis. City officials told the three of you
that that they want to do it right this time. Identify three strategies for rebuilding Pruitt
Igoe in ways that promise to be more successful. What would Talen do? What would
Larson do? What would you do? How would your strategies differ from those of the
original urban planners/designers of the project? Why would your strategies be more
effective?
Pruitt Igoe failed because of poor planning and resourcing by politicians coupled with
unpredictable economic and demographic shifts across the city. If we rebuild it, the material we
use would be a most important thing that we can improve in order to be more successful. The
other strategies are that we need to get more money from investment firms to rebuild this. The
failed of Pruitt Igoe is that they did not have enough money to support the building. Last, we
need to get a better ground and foundation engineering, the procedure of quality evaluation and
structure acceptance, the contents of foundation and main part of a project acceptance, treating
methods in acceptance.
For Emily Talen, she said in her article that "I treat them as an important component of a broader
definition that includes all forms of social and economic mixing — the combination, in particular
places, of people of varying incomes, races, genders, ethnicities, household sizes, lifestyle s, and
in addition, nonresidential activities comprising different uses and functions of land. " So I think
if Emily is going to rebuild Pruitt Igoe, she will focus on the mixed economic and social. The
combination of all people in different income, different races, difference genders, etc. All of
people can live in one place without any difference.

For Kent, I think his idea is somehow close to the word convenience. He wants to make cities
better place and save spaces because as we can see in his ted talk, traffic jam is where he thinks it
is not a good example of good building in cities. So if he rebuilds the Pruitt Igoe, he will control
the number of people who will live in the building and make the people who will live in the build
easier life. Use the resources he has to maximize the usage of the resources.
If I rebuild the Pruitt Igoe. I will first make sure the material I use is the strongest outer defenses
that I can use at most. I think living place is where we take break, so sound insulation will be the
most important part in my plan. I will use the acoustic insulating material to build the noise
barrier. My strategy is different from others because this is my own experience for the living
buildings. It is effective because it cut off the noise of cars, talking etc. effectively. To have a
completely private place is an enjoyable thing. You can do whatever you want in the room, do
not have to worry about disturbed things or disturbed others, especially for those who have a
pets.
Image Resource: http://www.archdaily.com/793340/mla-plus-wins-urban-design-competition-to-
regenerate-along-the-g107-highway-in-shenzhen

Thread 1: Response to F.L. Olmsted
Displaying his plan at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Frederick Law
Olmsted stated that "Buffalo is the best planned city, as to its streets, public places, and
grounds, in the United States, if not in the world." What was the basis for this claim?
Would Olmsted still make that claim today? Why or why not?
Beginning in 1868, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux created a series of parks and
parkways for Buffalo, New York, that drew national and international attention. The
improvements carefully augmented the city’s original plan with urban design features inspired by
Second
Empire
Paris,
including
the first
system of
“parkways”
to grace an
American
city.
Displaying
the plan at
the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Olmsted declared Buffalo “the best planned city, as to
streets, public places, and grounds, in the United States, if not in the world.”
Until Olmsted created a new occupation for himself, Vaux and him were the world’s first
professional landscape architects. Olmsted and Vaux dissolved their historic partnership in 1872,
but Olmsted continued his association with the Queen City of the Lakes, designing additional
parks and laying out important sites within the growing metropolis. When Niagara Falls was
threatened by industrial development, he led a campaign to protect the site and in 1885
succeeded in persuading New York to create the Niagara Reservation, the present Niagara Falls
State Park. Two years later, Olmsted and Vaux teamed up again, this time to create a plan for the

area around the Falls, a project the two grand masters regarded as “the most difficult problem in
landscape architecture to do justice to.”
His principles are: 1. complement the city to which it belongs. 2.A park should also be faithful to
the character of its natural terrain. He will not make this claim today because If natural beauty
was the goal of landscape architecture, then wouldn’t “the best result of all man’s labor … be but
a poor counterfeit”? For that matter, why not simply leave nature as it was? Why interfere with
organic processes, adding shrubs here, thinning trees there? Olmsted, the master of the form, has
left behind a clear instruction manual. From the grave he urges us to use our increasingly
sophisticated tools to make our global landscape more beautiful and more “natural.”
Image Resource: http://weheartbuffalo.com/2016/01/24/reasons-why-buffalo-is-better-than-new-
york-city/

Thread 2: Response to Walter Hood's Work
Identify something that should be memorialized either on UB's campus or in your
hometown. Imagine that you are the person who will oversee this project, and that you are
using Walter Hood's 'triad of investigations' as your approach to the project. What would
your landscape intervention commemorate/memorialize? How will you use Hood's 'triad of
investigations' to design a new landscape intervention? What do you imagine that the
design will be? (Either written or visual descriptions are acceptable).
In my hometown
Kaifeng, I believe
the Jibing Wei should
be memorialized. He is
the mayor of Kaifeng.
Why did I say him?
because Kaifeng is an
old city, 2700 years
from it established to
current century. It is a
very traditional city
with a lot of historical culture and many historic buildings in the city that we should protect it
very careful. The years when Jibing Wei was the mayor of Kaifeng. He is not only protected the
buildings and culture in Kaifeng, but also did what he can to spread the culture and increase the
standard of culture or degrees of education for people in the city to better understand why this
buildings or cultures so important. He built many libraries and culture station to help people with
their needs. Especially for disabled. They are all free. They also have reading days, reading
months, free books for jails, gerocomium etc.
Walter Hood's trail of investigations involves some main things, the everyday and mundane,
commemoration, and life ways. The culture of communities is replete with the everyday and
mundane actions of people that make up our human experience. We’re conditioned to the

familiar: the trip to the grocery store, walking the dog, driving to work. The objects that facilitate
these actions are ubiquitous and mostly go unnoticed.
The spaces and places that people maintain, conserve or preserve reinforce their lifestyle is like
the particular way they want to live. If I design a new landscape intervention, I will focus on this
way. I want to build a "culture bridge" and on this bridge, it can either connect two places or give
information to people. I will write something on every stones of this bridge. Not only does this
give the bridge a dramatic silhouette, but crucially, it also makes the minimum intervention in
the landscape. In the new century, under the new situation, Red-Culture Heritage Protection is
facing a series of challenges, we need to study landscape design of a comprehensive intervention.
Image Resource:
http://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d
&word=%E5%90%89%E7%82%B3%E4%BC%9F&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-
1&st=undefined&cs=3311241652,1265162142&os=742665015,4011012981&pn=1&rn=1&di=
76911801370&ln=1977&fr=&fmq=1493865816757_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=
&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=11&p
i=0&gsm=0&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fimg2.utuku.china.com%2F649x0%2Fnews%2F2017030
9%2Fcf86272d-f3c6-4eca-9d17-c7d94dc37423.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0

Thread 1: Response to the Brookes
The abolitionist poster, the Brookes, is an iconic image that often is included in exhibits that
explore issues of race and power. It was commissioned by Thomas Clarkson in 1788, and
the Committee of the
Abolition of Slavery used it to
inform and shock the public.
While some consider the
poster as an important
component of the abolitionist
campaign, it recently “has
been strongly criticized by
some individuals and groups
of African heritage as
providing a very limited view
of the history of the
transatlantic slave trade,
resistance and abolition
(Hudson 2007).” The lesson
here is that how a viewer sees
an image is dependent upon
his/her social, economic, and
cultural position. Keeping this
in mind, find another iconic
graphic that addresses racial
issues and post it for others in
your group to view. (Add it to
your response by clicking on
the picture in the tools
section. Do not add it as an
attachment that needs to be opened.) How do you interpret the graphic? What is its

meaning? Now imagine that someone from a racial and cultural background different
than your own is looking at the same graphic. Briefly describe this person. How might s/he
interpret its meaning? How might this differ from your interpretation? What are the
possible reasons for these differences? (Consider the three assessment principles mentioned
in the article to help you: a technology of vision, an instrument of empathy, and a symbol of
control.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250 words.)
This anti-racism, superhero oriented poster came around in a children's comic series and proved
to be very powerful in conveying its true social message. With racism being at its peak in
America that time, there was a dire need of an attitude change and this poster was a great
example of a powerful initiative by making it "Un-American" to be racist.
The person as in that generation will take more serious than me I guess, because the racism
happened for a long period for that generation. People in that generation will think about more
and deeper than us because now we are all equal. This post for us become a normal thing, we
teach children this kind of information throughout the life. It is not so hard to accept this idea
today.
Image Resource: https://neatnik2009.wordpress.com/2017/04/18/against-xenophobia-and-other-
sins/

Thread 2: Response to Charles Davis and equityXdesign's Work
Critique either the MLK Memorial or the National Museum of African American History
and Culture using equityXdesign’s core beliefs and/or design principles. (Use the beliefs or
principles that are most relevant to your critique rather than all of them.) (NOTE: Limit
your response to less than 250 words.)
National Museum of African American History and Culture:
First, I would like to talk about
"process as product". In this belief,
we must make time for the magic
of human connection, especially
arose difference. In most of our
Museum, we usually only contain
thing that people like to see. I
think to tell people the different
voice from the generation and
objectively tell people what
happened in the generation is better way to respect culture and history. In this belief, process
dictates product. To design for equity, we must design equitably. which means that we should
hear the different voices from others and use them into our designs.
Another belief that I want to talk about is that "Learning to see: historical context matters". In
this one we must see both who we are and who we are. The difference between them is ourselves
and our current selves. It is important to understand the present time and space we occupy. The
function of museum is not just telling us what happened in the past but also how can we do to
make the society better and reduce the racism.
Image Resource: http://www.architectmagazine.com/design/buildings/national-museum-of-
african-american-history-and-culture_o

Thread 1: Response to "Landscape Stories" Chapter
First, let’s start with your own home. Describe a place in your home (indoors and/or
outdoors) that you think of as representative of your own ethnic background and discuss
why you consider this place to be ‘ethnic’. –OR-- Describe an object in your home that you
think of as representative of your ethnic background and discuss why this object is
considered to be ‘ethnic’. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this object or place something that
you will keep or continue when you establish your own home? Why or why not?
Now let’s move into your community. In “Landscape Stories,” the authors show how
landscape architects develop a historical narrative that sifts through and interprets the
culture and material of underrepresented groups. Think about the community where you
grew up. Describe and discuss any evidence of cultural influences on the physical
environment in your community. If possible, describe evidence of the cultural influence of
an underrepresented group. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this cultural influence being
acknowledged or preserved from future generations? Why or why not?
This is a lucky pendant that is similar as mine in my house
that hanging on the wall in my parents' bedroom because
my home is in NYC, I do not have exact picture of it. This
thing means lucky and blessing in China. Especially when
Chinese new year, people usually buy these kind of things
and put them anywhere you want in the house to hope that
the entire year can be smooth. This considered to be an
ethnic because it is hand-made and contains materials and
meanings that is very traditional. I will continue keep this object when I established my own
home because it means lucky and blessing.

These two places are the
historical buildings in my
home town, government
protected them because they
are representing the history of
China. Now it becomes a
places that everyone can visit
to see what left over by
history. This building is not
only influence our home town
people but also many
people from other cities
came to visit every
year. This cultural
influences will continue
acknowledged future
generation because they
will grow up with those
historical stuffs and
develop their own ideas
about them.
First Image Resource: http://www.dazhaiwang.com/b1023.html
Second Image Resource: http://www.visitourchina.com/kaifeng/attraction/millennium-city-
park.html
Third Image Resource: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/300826450091053509/

Thread 2: Response to Article on Sports Branding
Recent controversies about sports branding focus on ethnicity. The Washington Redskins
team is just one example of the larger controversy, but it receives the most public attention
due to the name itself being defined as derogatory or insulting in modern dictionaries, and
the prominence of the team representing the nation’s capital. Should sports team branding
designers use ethnic references (Fighting Irish, Boston Celtics, Atlanta Braves, etc.)? Why?
Why not? What are some of the complexities of this issue?
I think the sports
team branding
designer can use
ethnic reference
in some way but
the name itself
should be strictly
checked. Like
what is written in
the article:
American Indian
team names simply did not and could not connote respect in the age when they emerged. The
name of WASHINGTON is native American team names mean honor and respect. As long as
the names using ethnic reference is in a positive way with fully respect, I think the sports team
branding designer can use ethnic reference. Actually if they choose to use ethnic reference
carefully, the group related to the names will not seem to be uncomfortable. The complexities of
the issue are just how to find the way to fulfill all the criteria we just said because the ethnic
problems are very sensitive and sports team names are what we will say it often in our life, to
make it sounds comfortable with everyone is very hard.
Image Resource: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/83246293085875817/

Thread 1: Response to "Visualizing Gender" Chapter
In their chapter “Communicating Gender,” Maya Ganesh and Gabi Sobliye discuss two
primary visual advocacy approaches: 1) get the idea, and 2) stories in data. Find a new
example of either of the two visual advocacy approaches to gender issues, and post it in this
thread. Cite the source.
First, identify the approach. Then explain how the designer uses the approach to
communicate a gender issue. Is the approach effective in this example? Why or why not?
How could this graphic be improved?
Advocacy is the active support
of an idea or cause expressed
through strategies and
methods that influence the
opinions and decisions of
people and organizations. This
approach is effective in this
example because it gets the
idea about gender equality and
use the visual design to show
people how do they think. I
like this poster for gender
equality because I think it
shows the message clearly in a
simple way.
Strong and yet simple visual
message. The gender symbols
act, in this case, as opposing
forces in the point of view of
the viewer, thus generating an
instant reflexing about this

problematic. The description at the bottom helps to reinforce the message. Society is based
mostly on principles that are set by men. This masculine point of view distorts the relation
between men and women. The blurry portrait symbolizes...This modern photo represents gender
equality and how there are some people today that still struggle with this concept.
This can be improving by make the words on the poster bigger and maybe change the color of
the “glasses”, because the “glasses” means girls and boys, maybe we can use color to
emphasized it.
Image Resource: https://www.pinterest.com/onlyhsu/gender-poster/

Thread 2: Response to Bathroom Bill
Last year, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory signed into law a bill that repealed local
LGBT anti-discrimination laws, and required people to use the bathroom that
corresponded with the biological gender written on their birth certificates. This prompted
massive backlash. McCrory stated, “You know, we all have to make adjustments in life.
And we’ve had the proper etiquette situation for decades in our country, and all of a
sudden through political correctness we’re throwing away basic etiquette.” Just this past
Thursday, the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill to repeal the law while
placing a moratorium on nondiscrimination measures.
Should people be required to use the bathroom that corresponds with the biological gender
written on their birth certificate? State why AND state why not. In other words, to receive
full credit for this question, you need to present an argument for both sides of the issue. As
a designer, how would you solve this gender dilemma? Use the SEE-IT method to respond
to this question.
First, I think people should not be
required to use the bathroom that
corresponds with the biological gender
written on their birth certificate because
using a bathroom that corresponds with a
person’s sex proves particularly difficult
for transgender people because many
times, the gender they choose to identify
with does not correspond with their sex.
Sex is biological, while gender is a social
construct; one’s gender is not decided at
birth but is a conscious decision.
On the other side of the debate, some
schools say allowing transgender students to use the bathroom of their choice could violate the
privacy of other students. So, people should be required to use the bathroom that corresponds
with the biological gender because imagine if a man dressed like a woman walk in a female

bathroom, I think female in the bathroom will feel strange about this. Even some people do not
agree with their biological gender, but they still look like their biological gender due to the
hormones inside of them.
As a designer, I will make the bathrooms more private, or set bathrooms into independent single
room without any gender difference.
Image Resource: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/brynn-tannehill/debunking-bathroom-
myths_b_8670438.html

Thread 1: Response to Hidden Ways
Author Steven Flusty categorized five types of disciplinary architecture that perpetuate
what he calls urban spatial injustice: 1) stealthy, 2) slippery, 3) crusty, 4) prickly, and 5)
jittery. Go out into the city of Buffalo, and find/photograph two examples from the list of
five. Identify what type of space you’ve photographed and why it might discriminate
against a specific population. Identify the location where you took the photograph, and
make certain that you are in at least one of the two photographs.
Prickly. This is the lee loop in
our university which in this
loop, except the school bus,
other cars cannot go this way.
This rule is to make sure that
no traffic in this area and
school bus can go through
very quick every day to make
sure our student can go to
classes on time. However, the
people who from the outside
of school or never been in our
University may think this is a
little strange because this lee
loop is very convenient and
faster.
The second one is Jittery. This is the back
of the University resident hall. There are
several chairs and it seems very useful and
quiet place but the seats are made by stones
and there are hollowed out work on the
seats. It is really uncomfortable with very
thin people.

I want to add another one that I think it is discriminate the animals. This is crusty and I think
animals should not be enclosing in a small circle, although, the purpose is to release our stress,
but it is a really unhappy thing for them. People try to touch them and talk a language that they
don't understand. We love animals, but our behavior might frighten the animals.
First Photographer: Yujun Jiang
Second Photographer: Yueguang Chen
Third Photographer: Chaoran Wang

Thread 2: Response to People Like Us
After almost two decades of public assistance, Tammy Crabtree took herself and her family
off the welfare rolls. But her job cleaning bathrooms at a local Burger King barely paid the
bills. Crabtree wanted to do better and hopes to go to college and become a teacher.
Imagine this scenario. You are a designer who works at the well-known firm, iPD
(Integrated Planning and Design). You work on a team with planners, urban designers,
policy designers, architects, and social designers. You have been tasked to develop/design a
way for Tammy Crabtree and her family (and others with situations similar to Tammy’s)
to move themselves out of poverty. What will your team to do to help Tammy and her
family achieve their goals? What approach will your team take to address this difficult
problem?
If I am a
designer who
works at the
well-known
firm IPD. I
will work on a
team with
urban
designers and
social
designers. I
think the way
for Tammy
Crabtree and
her family and
others with situations similar to Tammy’s to move themselves out of poverty is to build an
apartment with a very special price for them. Make sure they have ability to move in and I want
to build this apartment near the schools that have good ranking. These schools can offer free
outside of school classes for the poor people and welcome other classes to join in. No one would

reject the free knowledge. I think this can bring up the interaction between poor people and other
classes because to make sure that every classes of people can be communicating with each others
are to make them to go to the same schools and same places. We can also have a study center
between the apartment and the schools with good ranking. Like the children study center in the
library in the NYC. Many parents like to take their children to the place to let them read or play
with others. This is a good way to create the communication for every people in every level. To
get out of the poverty, the first thing is to get the mind richer, when you have more education and
expand your horizon, it solves problems fundamentally.
Image Resource: http://taskforceindiancommunity.blogspot.com/2011/02/hidden-poor-in-city-of-
affluence.html

Thread 1: Response to Carroll Article: “(Re)forming Regent Park: When Policy Does Not
Equal Practice
The development of Regent Park is phased, and there are several more phases to the
project. What actions could be taken to ensure more social integration for the older people
living in the ‘new and improved’ Regent Park?
To ensure more social integration for the older people living in the ‘new and improved’ Regent
Park, we should take several actions such as we need to understand what do older people need.
As we all know that when we are getting older, our body shape, bodily function and physical
quality will become worse. This is a process of natural ageing. So, start with this point, I think
we need a Regent Park that is convenience. For the apartments, we can make more elevators to
make sure that they can always get on the elevator without much waiting time or we can simply
add some special low-level rooms for the older people. We should build supermarket, restaurant
and maybe also a school around the place they live to make them feel more convenience. A
community space is necessary because older people sometimes missed the current popular things
happened in the society, but they like to communicate with similar age people more than younger
people. This communication place is where they can make social interaction with others.
Image Resource: http://www.esbci.org/

Thread 2: Response to Enriquez TED Talk: “What Will Humans Look Like in 100
Years?”
For this question, we will focus on Juan Enriquez’ Life Two civilization, which alters
fundamental aspects of the body. We are living longer than ever before in human history.
Enriquez argues that, because of advances in bio-medical technology, the possibility of
living to 120 years of age and beyond is quite possible for many of us in this D+D class.
Assuming that his assertion is accurate, how do you think extended life spans will change
our societies and built environments? What new issues might designers face because of
extended life spans?
If Enriquez’s assertion is accurate,
our life span extended, it will
absolutely change our society and
build new environment. “Since the
death of 116-year-old Susannah
Mushatt Jones of the United States
in May 2016, Italy’s Emma Morano
is now the oldest living person in
the world whose age can be
documented. Morano is also the only
living person on earth to have been born in the 1800s.” This is the news that happened a few
days ago, in our early century, people’s average life age is around 40 and 50. Now, our retired
age is 65, this mean that our average age of death increased almost one third of the old average
age of death. Why is this happened? As Enriquez said, because of advances in bio-medical
technology. I think it also because the interaction between diversities. We do not have much food
or technology exchanges between countries and countries during the past, therefore, the food, the
medical and etc. were very limit. However, extension of life span will also create some
problems. In 2013, China announced the decision to relax the one-child policy. Under the new
policy, families could have two children if one parent, rather than both parents, was an only
child. This policy appeared because of the “aged tendency of population.” It means that we have
an irregular and unbalanced ratio between and elder and teens. Our body will become slower and

weaker when we are getting older, this is a problem that we can’t solve even we extend our life.
So, if there is not enough worker force to support the retired elders, extension of life will become
a bad thing. Also, our natural sources are limited, we can’t create natural source by ourselves, so
if we extended our life span, we just increase the speed of usage of natural sources.
Image Resource: http://quoteaddicts.com/i/3296984

Thread 1: Response to PPT, Smithsonian, and Roy
The two most frequently mentioned models of disability are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’
models. The medical model of disability views disability as a medical ‘problem’ that
belongs to the disabled individual. The social model of disability, in contrast, draws on the
idea that it is society that disables people, through designing everything to meet the needs
of the majority of people who are not disabled. There is a recognition within the social
model that there is a great deal that society can do to reduce, and ultimately remove, some
of these disabling barriers, and that this task is the responsibility of society, rather than the
disabled person.
In the Smithsonian online exhibition, the story about the superhero hand, and Elise Roy’s
TED Talk, you saw examples of ways to engage disability that use the social model rather
than the medical model. In the Disability and Design PowerPoint, you were introduced to
the concept of Universal Design (UD) (sometimes called inclusive design, design-for-all, or
human-centered design). Certainly, UD embraces the social model of disability. In this
same PowerPoint, you saw positive and negative examples of each of the seven principles of
universal design.
For the Module 12 Thread 1, please select one of the seven universal design principles, and
post photographs that show both a positive and a negative example of the principle. Then
address the following question: How do your examples empower or disempower various
people? Describe the specific features of the positive example and the specific features of
the negative example. Discuss ways that the positive example could be even further
improved.
This is an example of positive Equitable Use.
Equitable Use is useful and marketable to people
with diverse abilities. In our supermarket such as
Walmart, Wegmans and etc. They are all have
shopping cart for both normal people and disabled
people. This is an example that empowers various

people, they can all go shopping without any differences. The auto shopping cart helps disabled
people easily shopping at those supermarkets. The further specific feature can be improving is
that lower some of the goods shelves because people who use the auto shopping cart may be
shorter than normal person.
This is an example of negative
equitable use. Some places already
have both stairs and elevators or a
special sloping way for disabled
people. However, some places still
don't have perfect living facilities
for every people. The specific
features of this example is this
only has stairs and it is hard for elders and disabled people to get through. To improve this
feature is when we build stairs, we should always have an elevator beside or a special sloping
way for those who cannot take stairs to get through.
First Image Source: http://articles.extension.org/pages/24193/1:-principle-one:-equitable-use
Second Image Source: http://arch122-group6.blogspot.com/2011/06/principle-one-equitable-
use.html

Thread 2: Response to Survey, FIXED, and Stelarc
Our 2017 Design-A-Baby survey yielded the following characteristics as indicated by a
majority of you:
Sex: Male (47%)
Hair Color: Dark Brown (22%)
Hair Texture: Wavy (33%)
Eye Color: Blue (26%)
Race: Caucasian (36%)
Height: 5’-10” to 6’-1” (45%)
IQ: 131-140 (20%)
Memory: Excellent (43%)
Athletic Ability: Excellent (43%)
Weight: Average (79%)
Disease Carrier: None (85%)
Beauty: Somewhat attractive (46%)
Empathy: Very empathetic (38%)
Creativity: Very creative (37%)
Sounds like an all-around lovely person!
Currently, we have the technology for you to choose many of the survey characteristics in
your future child, and this ability to choose poses some ethical questions. Of course, we all
want the best for our own child. However, as we move into a more collective situation, we
need to consider how the consequences of majority choices for children might change who
we are as a species.
In the film trailer FIXED, you were introduced to the dilemma of living in a culture in
which the “science-fiction of human enhancement” has become almost a way of life, from
prenatal genetic screening to bionic body parts. In the video, “A Man with Three Ears” you
are introduced to an artist who is using current technology to move humans beyond their
current abilities. Last week, Juan Enriquez asked us if it is ethical to evolve the human

body. All of these videos suggest that the concept of disability ‘as we know it’ could cease to
exist in the future.
This leads us to this week’s discussion question:
What lessons do you think we should learn from history when thinking about emerging
enhancement technologies and reproductive technologies? What are some of the possible
consequences (both positive and negative) of being able to design our bodies and the bodies
of our children? What ethical quandaries do these technologies pose?
The lessons I learned from history about emerging enhancement technologies and reproductive
technologies is that we are more rational when we think about these new technologies. We think
about it before we use these technologies and we think about the ethical issue first, even though
the new technology is a very big breakthrough. The positive possible consequence of being able
to design our bodies and the bodies of our children is that we can use this new technology to save
more life, especially for disabilities. People who lost their legs or arms can still work like normal
people because we can design, rebuild our body. We will pay more attention on our children
because our children are somehow
“perfect”. The negative consequence is
obvious. We are all different people and
unique. Due to genetic heredity, we
inherit what our parents have. If we can
design our children, everyone would like
to their children become very smart, very
pretty and etc. This does not change
anything in our society such as
competition. Everyone will become smart
and pretty; this leads to a new competition. The ethical quandaries where our technologies face is
whether the new technology against the human nature. We have to follow some pattern of
natural, not only the new technology.

Image Resource: https://www.slideshare.net/miriamleis/human-enhancement-technologies-
27368100

Thread 1: Response to Titicut Follies
The state of Massachusetts tried to ban the 1967 documentary Titicut Follies, arguing that
director Frederick Wiseman had violated the patients’ rights by not getting written
permission to film them. The case went to court, and Wiseman argued that he had consent
from their legal guardian, the institution. After a judge ruled in favor of the state, the legal
appeals carried on for several years: in 1969, Massachusetts allowed the film to be shown to
doctors, lawyers, and health care professionals; in 1991, a superior court judge ruled it
could be released for the “general public,” as privacy concerns were no longer at issue, so
many years later. Should Wiseman have been allowed to film the residents of Bridgewater
Massachusetts Correctional Facility? Why or why not? How might this film be of value to
designers (communication designers, product, designers, architects, interior designers,
planners, landscape designers, systems designers, and/or social designers)? In other words,
what might they gain from this film that they could use in their work?
I think Wiseman should be allowed to film
the residents of Bridgewater Massachusetts
Correctional Facility. The reason is this film
is very useful to the people who studies in
this area. However, if the people in the film
is my friends or we have close relationships,
I do not want to Wiseman to film them
because it shows the real life and about the
patient inmates of Bridgewater State Hospital for the criminally insane, a Massachusetts
Correctional Institution in Bridgewater, Massachusetts. People might act irregular in the film. I
think this film will be beneficial to all the designers, no matter which areas they are focusing on.
Also, Wiseman made a number of such films examining social institutions, such as hospitals,
police, schools and etc. in the United States. These films are about several areas in the world,
they will give some lessons to the people who watched the film and give evidences to support
some of the people’s studies.
Image Resource: http://moviemezzanine.com/american-psyche-the-best-of-frederick-wiseman/

Thread 2: Response to PPT, The Architecture of Autism, Public Space
Prelude: Wolf Wolfensberger's seminal work "The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional
Models" posited that society characterizes people with intellectual disabilities as sub-
human and burdens of charity, He argued that this dehumanization, and the segregated
institutions that result from it, ignored the potential productive contributions that all
people can make to society. He pushed for a shift in policy and practice that recognized the
human needs of those with intellectual challenges and provided the same basic human
rights as for the rest of the population.
The Scenario: Imagine that you and your four children live in Amherst, New York in a
$650,000 home at the end of a cul-de-sac on the edge of a ten acre woods. The town has
purchased a one acre lot three houses away from yours, and plans to build a group home
for ten intellectually challenged adults.
As a resident of the neighborhood, would you support or oppose this proposal and why?
You've learned additional information about the residents of the proposed group home in
your neighborhood. In 2013, three of the ten intended residents exhibited challenging
behaviors including screaming, public masturbation, repetitive rocking, and echolalia
(elective incontinence). However, these behaviors have not occurred since then.
How would this change your opinion about the construction of the group home in your
neighborhood?
The residents in your neighborhood voted (14-3) to reject the town of Amherst’s proposal
to build a group home in the neighborhood. Town officials agreed that the home would not
be built in your neighborhood if you and your neighbors could develop a workable
alternative.
What are some possible solutions that would allow the residents of the home to be provided
with “the same basic human rights as the rest of the population”?

As a resident of the neighborhood, I think I will accept this proposal because I believe everyone
should have equal right. Although three of the ten intended residents exhibited challenging
behaviors, but since 2013, these behaviors have not occurred at all. To be provided with “the
same basic human rights as the rest of the population”, I would respect to the voters who voted
for rejection but I will still have my own opinion. To let people with intellectual disabilities, feel
there is a community that accept them is important. I will discuss with my neighborhoods with
this situation, I will tell them that lives near our home does not mean that will interrupt our lives.
To find possible solutions, I want to build some communication with my neighborhoods and the
people with intellectual disabilities. To make connection between them and let my
neighborhoods to understand what happened to the people and why we should allow this
proposal.
Image resource: http://www.archdaily.com/tag/autism

Thread 1: Response to The Connection Between Religion and Urban Planning by David
Engwicht
In his article, David Engwicht discusses the fact that religions (of all types) have played
major roles in the development of our cities. Today, places of worship are primary
components of almost all urban centers. Author Lorne Daniel writes “From their often
active role in supporting people who live in city centers to their iconic influence on design
and use of space, religious structures tell us a lot about our history, our current needs, and
where we might be headed in the future. This is an aspect of our urban future that
planners and urbanists should attend to.”
Identify a place of worship with which you are somewhat familiar. (If you are not familiar
with any places of worship, do a bit of research on one in your own city or town.) Show a
photograph of this religious structure. (You may use photographs from the web.) What
roles has this place served in the development of your city/town? How has it influenced the
design of the area around it? How has its role changed over time? What roles could this
place of worship play in the future development of your city/town?
This picture shows the most famous tower in my
hometown. The roles that this place served is to develop
the history of my city because this tower has a great
reputation which is the first tower in China. The area
around the tower was a temple in the past. This tower
influenced the design of the area around it because the
area around the tower is a park right now. The role of
the tower changed over time also. In the past, it is a
sacred symbol of the temple. Now, it becomes the
symbol of the park and people can go inside of it. Inside
of the tower, it has steps, you can go to the highest level
of the tower and there is an image of the Buddha. In the
future development of my city. This can be the symbol
of my city because my city is the famous historical city

of China, it preserved so many cultural relics of China. In the future, the worship of the tower
will attract more people come to visit.
Image Resource:
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%AE%9D%E5%AF%BA%E7%90%89%E7%
92%83%E5%A1%94

Thread 2: Response to Prospects for the Future of Diversity and Design
Consider the quote in your syllabus from educator Michael J. Shannon: “Design, as vision
in action--the intersection of understanding and creation--is a universal human capability that
can play a fundamental role in social evolution, in the process that transforms resources,
energy, and information to make our world.”
At the beginning of this course, we discussed the idea that we are all designers regardless of
our profession or field of study. We’ve asked some big questions along the way, and the
conclusion section of our textbook raises additional issues that require input from people
who might not consider themselves to be part of the formalized design professions.
Think about your own major and/or future profession. What is the biggest challenge,
problem, or question that your field needs to tackle right now? What do you plan to do to
address this challenge, problem, or question either as part of your studies or professional
life?
My major is Mathematics. I think the biggest challenge
for me is the exams that I should complete in order to
find a job. These exams include so many topics of
mathematics and other staff. My major also need some
computer science skills and this part contains so many
new technologies and programs in the computer. It is
hard for me to adapt and learn the new technologies or
computer languages. To address these challenges, I
think I will make a timeline for these exams that I
have to take and plan the study time period before each
deadline of the exams on the timeline. For the computer programs that I have to use and learn.
The only way that I can develop my skills and address the problems is to practice them as many
time as I can. Try to be familiar with those things in the future.
Image Resource: http://www.monterey.k12.ca.us/programs-services/ed-services/common-core-
21st-century/mathematics/index

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