2. Introduction
S. No.
Operational
Flow
Part of
Schedule 4
Relevant
Section
Heading
3
PRE-
PRODUCTION
PROCESSING
Part 5 Section 2.2
Good Food Hygiene Practices - Raw
Material
Part 2 Section 5.3
Food Operations & Control - Food
Processing/Preparation, Packaging &
Distribution Service
Part 5 Section 2.5
Good Food Hygiene Practices - Cross
Contamination
Part 5 Section 6
Special Requirement of High Risk
Foods
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3. Pre-process
Preparation of fruits/ vegetables
- Use fruits and vegetables that are protected from cross-contamination and
properly conserved.
- whole fruits and vegetables should be washed in potable water before being
cut, mixed with other ingredients.
- whole fruits & vegetables should be washed (intend is to sanitize) with 50 ppm
chlorinated water before cutting, peeling or serving.
- non-absorbent food grade material, equipment, containers shall be used for
preparing fruits & vegetable.
- prepared fruits/vegetables should be kept in clean and properly covered food
grade containers at a required temperature.
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5. Pre-process
Washing of raw vegetable with water –
Washing will help reduce bacteria, including e.coli, from the surface of fruit and
vegetables.
Most of the bacteria will be in the soil attached to the produce. Washing to remove any
soil is, therefore, particularly important.
When you wash vegetables, wash them under a running tap and rub them under water,
for example in a bowl of fresh water. Start with the least soiled items first and give each
of them a final rinse.
Washing loose produce is particularly important as it tends to have more soil attached
to it than pre-packaged fruit and vegetables.
Peeling or cooking fruit and vegetables can also remove bacteria.
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6. Pre-process
Washing of raw vegetable with chlorinated water –
Chlorine bleach solutions may be used for sanitizing raw fruits and vegetables
during the washing or pre-peeling process.
The concentration of sanitizer in the wash water must not exceed 100 - 200
ppm hypochlorite (used when vegetables are highly dirty). However 50ppm is
recommended for general sanitization.
Contact times of not more than two is typically sufficient to achieve a thorough
kill.
Do not use chlorinated water for sanitizing peeled fruits and vegetable.
For immediate peeling of vegetables & fruits, re-rinse with potable water after
sanitizing with chlorinated water.
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7. Pre-process
How to prepare 50 ppm of chlorine solution –
Formula used -
Initial Hypo chlorine solution concentration (ppm) x Initial Hypo chlorine solution
volume (? In ml) = Final chlorine solution concentration desired (ppm) x Final
chlorine solution volume (ml)
Example –
To prepare 100 ltr (100,000 ml) of 50 ppm solution, from a 12.5% (125,000 ppm)
sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) solution
125000*? = 100000*50
? = 40 ml of Initial Hypo chlorine solution volume shall be used.
Note - 1 ltr = 1000 ml & 1 ppm = 1ml in 1,000,000ml
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8. Pre-process
Preparing Raw Material Raw fruits,
vegetables &
meats*
Sorting, Grading
Removal of low
quality produce
Washing
Potable water
Drying
Storage in refrigerator or room temp.
Sanitizing with
chlorinated
water
Rinsing
* Not advised for all ,
however this process
may be used for
applicable raw fruits,
vegetable & meat
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10. Pre-process
Preparation of Non-veg. Products
- Ensure proper cooking of all non vegetarian products.
- Used surfaces should be washed with antibacterial cleaning agent, rinsed
properly with water and sanitized after preparing non vegetarian products .
- Ensure that frozen products are thawed properly.
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11. Pre-process
1. Time and temperature control
- develop and maintain systems to effectively control time and temperature
- time and temperature of receiving, processing, cooking, cooling, storage,
packaging, distribution and food service upto the consumer shall be controlled.
2. Thawed material should be consumed (Intend is processing) immediately. Do
not store back thawed material for future use.
3. Only required portion of the food should be thawed at a time.
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15. Pre-process
Cross-contamination
Following should be done to avoid cross – contamination -
- Raw food/ meat/poultry and ready-to-eat foods should be kept separate at all
times.
- Hands should be thoroughly washed before switching from preparing non
vegetarian products to any other activity.
- Work surfaces, chopping boards and equipment should be thoroughly
cleaned (intend clean and sanitize) before the preparing of food starts and
after it has been used.
- Separate chopping boards and knives for raw fruit/ vegetables/ meat/poultry
and ready-to-eat food should be used.
- Raw meat/poultry below ready-to-eat food should be kept in the fridge.
- Separate fridge for raw meat/poultry should be kept.
- Staff should be made aware how to avoid cross-contamination.
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16. Pre-process
Cross contamination may occur from –
1. Food to food –
Food can become contaminated by bacteria from other foods. This type of cross-
contamination is especially dangerous if raw foods come into contact with cooked
foods. Here are some examples of food-to-food cross-contamination:
I. In a refrigerator, meat drippings from raw meat stored on a top shelf might drip
onto cooked vegetables placed on lower shelf.
II. Raw chicken placed on a grill touching a steak that is being cooked.
2. Hand to food –
People can also be a source of cross-contamination to foods. Some examples are:
I. Handling foods after using the toilet without first properly washing hands.
II. Touching raw meats and then preparing vegetables without washing hands
between tasks.
III. Using an apron to wipe hands between handling different foods, or wiping a
counter with a towel and then using it to dry hands.
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17. Pre-process
Cross contamination may occur from –
3. Equipment to food
Contamination can also be passed from kitchen equipment and utensils to food. This
type of contamination occurs because the equipment or utensils were not properly
cleaned and sanitized between each use. Some examples are:
I. Using unclean equipment, such as slicers, can openers, and utensils, to
prepare food.
II. Using a cutting board and the same knife when cutting different types of
foods, such as cutting raw chicken followed by salad preparation.
III. Storing a cooked product, such as a sauce, in an unsanitized container that
previously stored raw meat.
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23. Pre-process
Thawing of Frozen Products
(1) Thawing-In Refrigerator
- Items being thawed should be labelled with defrost date to indicate the
beginning of 2nd shelf life.
- Thaw food at 5⁰ C or less.
- Temperature controlled thawing is recommended for meat, poultry and fish.
- Any other means of thawing apart from running water and microwave is not
allowed.
(2) Thawing In Running Water
- Items being thawed should be labelled with date and time.
- Thawing in running water advisable shellfish and seafood.
- Thawing in running water should not exceed 90 minutes.
- Ensure air break between tap and water.
- Use sanitized food grade container.
- Sink must not be used for other purposes during thawing
- After thawing, product must be used within 12 hours.
- Cold running water (from mains) should be at 15⁰ C or less
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24. Pre-process
Thawing -
There are three method approved for thawing of food:-
1. Temperature control (cool room/refrigerator)
2. Microwave oven
3. Cold running water (conditional)
1. Under Temperature Control (1⁰ C to 5⁰ C ) Environment/ refrigeration thawing:-
- Identify a designated area for the defrosting of foods in the coolroom/refrigerator or a
labelled trolley (in a cool room) may be used for this purpose.
- Place the frozen food in the perforated pan so that dripping should not contaminate the
food
- Place the perforated pan in a tray/pan so that food dripping accumulate in the tray/pan
and it cannot drip on other food.
- A product is deemed to be thawed when core temperature lies between 1⁰ C to 5⁰ C
- Labelled the thaw food and used within 12 hours.
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25. Pre-process
Thawing -
2. Under Running Water
- Portions must not be too thick to allow for quick thawing.
- Running water should be potable in nature
- Sink should be sanitized before thawing start
- Store food on a tray that allows the running water to pass over the food
- No defrosting food can ever be left un-attended
- A product is deemed to be thawed when core temperature lies between 1⁰ C to 5⁰ C
- Thawing in running water should be complete within 90 minutes
- Labelled the thaw food and used within 2 hours
3. In Microwave Oven
- Only small portion of food should thaw by this method
- A product is deemed to be thawed when core temperature lies between 1⁰ C to 5⁰ C
- Use thawed product immediately
Except these three method no other method is allowed for thawing of food.
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26. Pre-process
Thawing -
In a refrigerator, at or below 5⁰ C
Submerge under running
potable water, at or below
15⁰ C
In a microwave oven,
if the food will be
cooked immediately
after thawing
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