SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 12
Download to read offline
최종현
2
Dimensionality Reduction
3
Dimensionality Reduction
Supervised
Dimensionality
Reduction
Un-supervised
Linear
Discriminant
Analysis
Linear
Non-Linear
•PCA
•MDS
Global
Local
•ISOMAP
Locally
Linear
Embedding
4
Factor Analysis
 요인분석 또는 인자분석 이라고 함
 수많은 변수들 중에서 잠재된(Latent) 몇 개의 변수(요인)을 찾아내는 것
 변수들 간의 상관관계를 고려하여 서로 유사한 변수들 끼리 묶어주는 방법
 변수들 중에서 몇 개의 요인(Factor)에 의해 영향을 받는가 알아보는 것
 Factor Analysis 목적
1) 입력변수들의 특성 파악
• 데이터 분석에 앞서 데이터를 이해하는 과정
2) 새로운 변수 생성
• Latent Variable을 추가하여 데이터 분석
3) 차원 축소
• Latent Variable로 차원 축소
5
PCA vs FA
 공통점
• Dimensionality Reduction
• 원래의 데이터로부터 새로운 변수들을 생성
 차이점
1) 생성되는 변수의 수
• FA: 몇 개라고 지정할 수 없음. 데이터의 의미에 따라 다름 (3개, 4개, …)
• PCA: 보통 2개를 가짐.(PC1, PC2)
2) 생성된 변수들의 관계
• FA: Latent Variable들은 기본적으로 대등한 관계를 가짐 어떤 것이 더 중요하다는 것이 없음
• PCA: Target 변수를 고려함. Target을 잘 예측/분류하기 위하여 주성분(변수)들을 찾아냄
6
Independent Component Analysis (ICA)
 독립 성분 분석
 Signal processing에서, 다변량의 신호를 하위 성분(subcomponent)로 분리하는 계산 방법
 블라인드 음원 분리의 한 방법  대표적으로 Cocktail party Problem이 있음
7
MANIFOLD
 ManiFold, 다양체
 Topological space의 일부
 Locally Euclidean
 위상수학과 기하학에서, 다양체(多樣體, 영어: manifold 매니폴드[*])는 국소적으로 유클리드 공간과 닮은 위상 공간이
다. 즉, 국소적으로는 유클리드 공간과 구별할 수 없으나, 대역적으로 독특한 위상수학적 구조를 가질 수 있다. –wiki-
 원은 모든 점에 대해서 국소적으로 직선과 같은 구조를 가짐
따라서, 원은 1차원 다양체(ManiFold)
8
Locally Linear Embedding (LLE)
 로위스와 사울(Roweis, Saul)에 의해 2000년에 소개됨
 Non-linear dimensionality reduction 중에 하나
 머신러닝 가이드 p.169 참고
9
MDS
 PCA처럼 MDS역시 고차원  저차원의 선형 근사치를 구함
 MDS 임베딩은 모든 점들 간의 거리를 보존
 유클리드 공간에서는 PCA와 MDS가 동일
10
ISOMAP
 Non-linear dimensionality reduction 중에 하나
 Euclidean distance 대신 Geodesic distance(측지선, 타원체상에 있는 두 측점사이의 타원체면을 따라 이루어진 거리)
를 이용하여 계산
11
t-SNE
 t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding
 Non-linear dimensionality reduction 중에 하나
 고차원  2, 3차원으로 축소해 Visualization하는데 유용하게 사용됨
 비슷한 데이터는 근접하게, 다른 데이터는 멀리 떨어진 곳에 맵핑함
THANK YOU

More Related Content

Recently uploaded

캐드앤그래픽스 2024년 5월호 목차
캐드앤그래픽스 2024년 5월호 목차캐드앤그래픽스 2024년 5월호 목차
캐드앤그래픽스 2024년 5월호 목차캐드앤그래픽스
 
Console API (Kitworks Team Study 백혜인 발표자료)
Console API (Kitworks Team Study 백혜인 발표자료)Console API (Kitworks Team Study 백혜인 발표자료)
Console API (Kitworks Team Study 백혜인 발표자료)Wonjun Hwang
 
MOODv2 : Masked Image Modeling for Out-of-Distribution Detection
MOODv2 : Masked Image Modeling for Out-of-Distribution DetectionMOODv2 : Masked Image Modeling for Out-of-Distribution Detection
MOODv2 : Masked Image Modeling for Out-of-Distribution DetectionKim Daeun
 
Merge (Kitworks Team Study 이성수 발표자료 240426)
Merge (Kitworks Team Study 이성수 발표자료 240426)Merge (Kitworks Team Study 이성수 발표자료 240426)
Merge (Kitworks Team Study 이성수 발표자료 240426)Wonjun Hwang
 
Continual Active Learning for Efficient Adaptation of Machine LearningModels ...
Continual Active Learning for Efficient Adaptation of Machine LearningModels ...Continual Active Learning for Efficient Adaptation of Machine LearningModels ...
Continual Active Learning for Efficient Adaptation of Machine LearningModels ...Kim Daeun
 
A future that integrates LLMs and LAMs (Symposium)
A future that integrates LLMs and LAMs (Symposium)A future that integrates LLMs and LAMs (Symposium)
A future that integrates LLMs and LAMs (Symposium)Tae Young Lee
 

Recently uploaded (6)

캐드앤그래픽스 2024년 5월호 목차
캐드앤그래픽스 2024년 5월호 목차캐드앤그래픽스 2024년 5월호 목차
캐드앤그래픽스 2024년 5월호 목차
 
Console API (Kitworks Team Study 백혜인 발표자료)
Console API (Kitworks Team Study 백혜인 발표자료)Console API (Kitworks Team Study 백혜인 발표자료)
Console API (Kitworks Team Study 백혜인 발표자료)
 
MOODv2 : Masked Image Modeling for Out-of-Distribution Detection
MOODv2 : Masked Image Modeling for Out-of-Distribution DetectionMOODv2 : Masked Image Modeling for Out-of-Distribution Detection
MOODv2 : Masked Image Modeling for Out-of-Distribution Detection
 
Merge (Kitworks Team Study 이성수 발표자료 240426)
Merge (Kitworks Team Study 이성수 발표자료 240426)Merge (Kitworks Team Study 이성수 발표자료 240426)
Merge (Kitworks Team Study 이성수 발표자료 240426)
 
Continual Active Learning for Efficient Adaptation of Machine LearningModels ...
Continual Active Learning for Efficient Adaptation of Machine LearningModels ...Continual Active Learning for Efficient Adaptation of Machine LearningModels ...
Continual Active Learning for Efficient Adaptation of Machine LearningModels ...
 
A future that integrates LLMs and LAMs (Symposium)
A future that integrates LLMs and LAMs (Symposium)A future that integrates LLMs and LAMs (Symposium)
A future that integrates LLMs and LAMs (Symposium)
 

Featured

Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed Software
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
 

Featured (20)

Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
 

Chap06 dimensionality reduction

  • 4. 4 Factor Analysis  요인분석 또는 인자분석 이라고 함  수많은 변수들 중에서 잠재된(Latent) 몇 개의 변수(요인)을 찾아내는 것  변수들 간의 상관관계를 고려하여 서로 유사한 변수들 끼리 묶어주는 방법  변수들 중에서 몇 개의 요인(Factor)에 의해 영향을 받는가 알아보는 것  Factor Analysis 목적 1) 입력변수들의 특성 파악 • 데이터 분석에 앞서 데이터를 이해하는 과정 2) 새로운 변수 생성 • Latent Variable을 추가하여 데이터 분석 3) 차원 축소 • Latent Variable로 차원 축소
  • 5. 5 PCA vs FA  공통점 • Dimensionality Reduction • 원래의 데이터로부터 새로운 변수들을 생성  차이점 1) 생성되는 변수의 수 • FA: 몇 개라고 지정할 수 없음. 데이터의 의미에 따라 다름 (3개, 4개, …) • PCA: 보통 2개를 가짐.(PC1, PC2) 2) 생성된 변수들의 관계 • FA: Latent Variable들은 기본적으로 대등한 관계를 가짐 어떤 것이 더 중요하다는 것이 없음 • PCA: Target 변수를 고려함. Target을 잘 예측/분류하기 위하여 주성분(변수)들을 찾아냄
  • 6. 6 Independent Component Analysis (ICA)  독립 성분 분석  Signal processing에서, 다변량의 신호를 하위 성분(subcomponent)로 분리하는 계산 방법  블라인드 음원 분리의 한 방법  대표적으로 Cocktail party Problem이 있음
  • 7. 7 MANIFOLD  ManiFold, 다양체  Topological space의 일부  Locally Euclidean  위상수학과 기하학에서, 다양체(多樣體, 영어: manifold 매니폴드[*])는 국소적으로 유클리드 공간과 닮은 위상 공간이 다. 즉, 국소적으로는 유클리드 공간과 구별할 수 없으나, 대역적으로 독특한 위상수학적 구조를 가질 수 있다. –wiki-  원은 모든 점에 대해서 국소적으로 직선과 같은 구조를 가짐 따라서, 원은 1차원 다양체(ManiFold)
  • 8. 8 Locally Linear Embedding (LLE)  로위스와 사울(Roweis, Saul)에 의해 2000년에 소개됨  Non-linear dimensionality reduction 중에 하나  머신러닝 가이드 p.169 참고
  • 9. 9 MDS  PCA처럼 MDS역시 고차원  저차원의 선형 근사치를 구함  MDS 임베딩은 모든 점들 간의 거리를 보존  유클리드 공간에서는 PCA와 MDS가 동일
  • 10. 10 ISOMAP  Non-linear dimensionality reduction 중에 하나  Euclidean distance 대신 Geodesic distance(측지선, 타원체상에 있는 두 측점사이의 타원체면을 따라 이루어진 거리) 를 이용하여 계산
  • 11. 11 t-SNE  t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding  Non-linear dimensionality reduction 중에 하나  고차원  2, 3차원으로 축소해 Visualization하는데 유용하게 사용됨  비슷한 데이터는 근접하게, 다른 데이터는 멀리 떨어진 곳에 맵핑함