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ゼロからの電子工作 Vol. 1
プレゼンター 上野
       ■ 本日のメニュー ■
・[1] 筋電位
 筋電位と筋電計のイメージをつかんでもらいます
・[2] 電子回路の基礎
 筋電計設計の為の要素技術の理解から始めます
   ・電気の性質
   ・オームの法則 
   ・キルヒホッフの法則
・[3] LTspice
 回路設計の為にインストールします
 簡単な回路シミュレーションを行います
[1] 筋電位
( イメージ )
Step1: 筋電位の信号を取り出す
Step2: 腕の動きとの関係付けを行う
Step3: 簡単なロボットアームを筋電で動かす
筋電位
神経が興奮すると筋繊維内にナトリウム・イオンが
流入,活動電位という電圧が発生します
(Interface 2017 1月)
[1] 筋電位
Raspberry Pi
筋電計
電池
筋電計 (例)
ご注意!
電撃による障害
 1mA  かなり不快
10mA ∼20mA  自力で手が離せない
 50mA ∼     気絶 痛み
電気は怖いものです。自己責任です。
販売等は法律で厳しく規制されます。
( トランジスタ技術  より引用)
筋電計での筋電波形
(Audacity で記録)
早稲田大学 村岡研究室
の筋電計をコピーして製作
筋電計(オリジナル)
http://www.f.waseda.jp/y.muraoka/Simple-EMG-BF/1home.html
[2] 電子回路の基礎
電気とは何
・電子の移動を電流と呼んでます
・電子が動くと磁石の力の磁界が生まれます
・磁界は電流、電界に影響を与えます。
 電気回路はこれが全てです。
交流と直流
・電線の中を電子が移動するのに
    直流: 一方通行(川の流れ)
    交流: 双方向通行(海の波)
(短い時間に電子が行ったり来たりするので
 電圧と電流は波の様に変化する)
交流を使う妥当性
・交流は直流に直しやすい。
・交流は電圧の変換をやりやすい。(トランスなど)
アノード カソード
交流   直流
抵抗
(Resistance)
コンデンサー
(Capacitance)
コイル
(Inductance)
電子回路に使う材料(素子)
半導体
(Semiconductor)
TC74
管の太さ=抵抗
直流 交流
間
高さ=電圧
コンデンサー
抵抗( 材料の性質)
電荷を蓄えるバケツ
抵抗は長さを縮めているイメージ
コンデンサーイメージは平行平板
電圧のゆれを伝達
(「トランジスタ技術」 より )
A B
B
A 時間(sec)
電圧(V)
+
+
+ -
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
電荷のバケツ
直流 交流
電流
コイル(インダクダンス)とは
電気のバネ?
電流
直流:
コイルは何も作用しません。
交流:
コイルはバネみたいに電流が変わると変化を打ち消そう
とします。
(バネ) (コイル)
伸ばすと縮む 電流を流すと流れにくくする
縮めると伸びる
電流を流さなくすると流そう
とする。
< コイルは電気のバネの意味 >
・コンデンサーは直流では電流は流れないが交流では流れる。
・コイルは直流では電流は流れるが交流だと電流が流れに
 くくなる。
 コンデンサーとコイルは交流と直流の作用がほぼ逆。
電圧(v)
素子の振る舞い
SWの抵抗RSW=1Ω
V0(電圧)=5v
I(電流)
+
-
電流(A)
C の電圧
R の電圧
L の電圧
R の電流
Cの電流
L の電流
I(電流)
+
- Vout
Vin
Vin
Vout
コイル もう少し詳しく
電流が流れてなかった
ので流れない状態を保つ
には電圧差をなくすので
跳ね上がる。
流れている状態を保つ
には電圧差を作る。
①
①
②
②
お疲れ様でした!
2017/02/11
ゼロからの電子工作 Vol. 2
プレゼンター 上野
2017/03/11
       ■ 本日のメニュー ■
・[1] 電子回路の基礎
 電気のおさらいをしましょう
・オームの法則 
   ・キルヒホッフの法則
・[2] LTspice
 回路設計の為にインストールします
 簡単な回路シミュレーションを行います
・[3] 回路の材料について(回路素子)
 電子回路がどんな材料で作成されるか紹介します
[1] 電気のおさらいをしましょう
(中学・高校の理科)
オームの法則
V(電圧)
R(抵抗)
I(電流)
トランジスタ技術 2014 4月参照
電圧[v]
電流[A]
V
1KΩ(抵抗)
I(電流)
電圧V[v]
[A]
[v]
傾き=抵抗(V/I=R)
2KΩ
I
V[v]
[A]
[v]
1v
1v
2v
0.5v
どのグラフ?
1mA
[Q :抵抗値1KΩを2KΩにしたグラフはどれか]
a
b c
V
Vi
電圧Viを0v∼ あげた場合
1mA
V1
V2
V0
+
- -
+
-
+
X
I0
I1 I2
I0 -I1 - I2 = 0
V1 +V2 - V0= 0
キルヒホッフの法則
V0(電圧)
R1(抵抗)
R2(抵抗)
Vx(電圧)= ?
+
-
[直列:電圧Vxを求めます]
V0(電圧)
R1(抵抗)
I(電流)
R2(抵抗)
Vx(電圧)
[直列:電圧Vxを求めます]
+
-
I0
[並列 :電流I0を求めてみます]
I1 I2
I0
I1 I2
上と同じです
一周の記述
R1(1kΩ)
R2(1kΩ)
V0(1v)
V0
I0
[A:回答その1 ]
I1 I2
I1 I2
+
足し合わせ
1v
R
V0
V0
V0
1kΩ 1kΩ
R
1kΩ 1kΩ
V0(電圧)
R1
I0(電流)
R2
I2
(電流)
[R1とR2を一つの抵抗にして考える]
I1
(電流)
Rx
I0
[A :回答その2]
I0
Ix[1] [2]
- - - - - - -(1)  周回[1]の式
- - - - - - (2) 周回[2]の式
(1),(2)式より
R2 R1 R2R1
[A]
V0 V0
V1(電圧)
[Q2 :電圧Vxを求めて下さい]
V2(電圧)Vx=?
R1 R2+ -
R1 R2
[Q2 :電圧Vxを求めて下さい]
Vx
I0(電圧)
V1 V2Va
[2] LTspice
http://www.linear-tech.co.jp/designtools/software/?gclid=CIqElJ3849ACFYSBvQodjlYCRg
Windows
Mac
Windows
Mac
Windows
Mac
Mac
Windows
Mac
Mac
Windows
Mac
Windows
Mac
Mac
Windows
Windows
Windows
Mac
Mac
Draft2.asc
Mac
Mac
Mac
Mac
お疲れ様でした!

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