This document discusses the medical management of osteoporosis including 5 common drugs used (calcium, vitamin D3, bisphosphonates, teriparatide, denosumab), exercise recommendations, and smoking cessation. It also compares calcium carbonate and calcium citrate supplements, noting their differences in absorption, side effects, and dosing. Finally, it outlines risk factors for osteoporosis and characteristics of patients who may present with fragility fractures due to osteoporosis.