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Human rights
刘乃铭:1609120001
刘芊妤:1803020023
沈悦:1806250006
人权是所有人与生俱有的权利,
它不分种族、性别、国籍、族
裔、语言、宗教或任何其他身
份地位。人权包括生命和自由
的权利,不受奴役和酷刑的权
利,意见和言论自由的权利,
获得工作和教育的权利以及其
他更多权利。人人有权不受歧
视地享受这些权利。
国际人权法规定了各国政府的义务,规定了政府采取行动的特定方式或应避免的
特定行为,以促进和保护人权及个人或团体的基本自由。
联合国最大的成就之一是创建了全面的人权法体系。所有国家都可以加入这一套
普遍适用、受到国际保护且所有人都向往的准则。联合国对公民、文化、经济、
政治和社会权利等一系列国际公认的权利做了界定,同时还建立促进和保护这些
权利的机制,协助会员国履行各自的责任。
联合国人权法体系的基础是大会于1945年通过的《联合国宪章》和1948年通过的
《世界人权宣言》。此后,联合国逐渐扩大人权法的范围,设立妇女、儿童、残
疾人、少数民族以及其他脆弱群体的权利标准,保护他们免受许多社会中长期普
遍存在的歧视。
一九五一年,联合国和国际劳工组织联合设立了一个关于强迫劳动问题的委员会,对强迫劳
动问题进行调查。一九五三年,该委员会最后发表的报告指出,世界上有两种强迫劳动制度:
一是用来做为镇压或惩罚持有或表示某些政见的手段,二则是为了重大的经济目的。他们都
威胁到了基本人权,违反了联合国宪章的义务和规定。因而主张废除这类强迫劳动制度。一
九五四年,经济及社会理事会和联合国大会均谴责这些强迫劳动制度,并呼吁各国政府重新
审查他们的法律和行政措施。一九五六年,经新理事会再次谴责违反联合国宪章和世界人权
宣言各项原则的一切形成的强迫劳动,特别谴责做为镇压或惩罚持有或表示不同政见的手段
的那种强迫劳动,并敦促为消灭一切强迫劳动而采取行动。一九五七年六月二十五日,国际
劳工组织大会第四十届会议通过了《关于废止强迫劳动公约》〈第105号公约〉,引用时得称
之为一九五七年废除强迫劳动公约。
妇女的权利即人权”。这一口号贯穿了
20世纪90年代,并在成千上万个组织和
网络体系所举行的把妇女人权直接放入
国家、区域、和国际议事日程的运动、
活动中。在广泛的提高认识和各种大的
运动中,妇女的生命和她们的安全问题
面对暴力、人权仍显得非常脆弱。
国籍权
自由平等
生命权
公正审判权
言论自由
不受歧视的自由
不受酷刑的自由
人权文章
文艺 时评 论文 公报 新闻
Human rights
Human rights

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Human rights