1. GRC 2007 Annual Meeting 40 Years of Ormat Experience with ORC Lucien Y. Bronicki Ormat Technologies, Inc. Reno, October 1 st , 2007 NYSE: ORA
2. Introduction “ On ne doit pas se flatter de mettre à profit, dans la pratique, toute la puissance motrice des combustibles. Les tentatives que l’on ferait pour approcher de ce résultat seraient même plus nuisibles qu’utiles, si elles faisaient négliger d’autres considerations importantes. L’économie du combustible n’est qu’une des conditions à remplir par les machines à feu, dans beaucoup de circonstances, elle n’est que secondaire, elle doit souvent céder le pas à la sûreté, à la durée de la machine, au peu de place qu’il faut lui faire occuper, au peu de frais de son établissement, etc. Savoir apprécier, dans chaque cas, à leur juste valeur, les considerations de convenance et d’économie qui peuvent se presenter, savoir discerner les plus importantes de celles qui sont seulement accessoires, les balancer toutes convenablement entre elles, afin de parvenir par les moyens les plus faciles au meilleur résultat, tel doit être le principal talent de l’homme appelé à diriger, à coordonner entre eux les travaux de ses semblables, à les faire concourir vers un but utile de quelque genre qu’il soit.” 2524 The economy of the combustible is only one of the conditions to be fulfilled in heat engines. In many cases it is only secondary . It should often give precedence to safety , to strength , to the durability of the engine, to the small space which it must occupy, to small cost of installation , etc. To know how to appreciate in each case, at their true value, the consideration of convenience and economy which may present themselves; to know how to discern the more important of those which are only accessories to balance them properly against each other, in order to attain the best results by the simplest means: such should be the leading characteristics of the man called to direct, to co-operate towards one useful end, of whatsoever sort it may be RÉFLEXIONS SUR LA PUISSANCE MOTRICE DU FEU ** SUR LES MACHINES PROPRES A DÉVELOPPER CETTE PUISSSANCE P AR S. CARNOT ANCIEN ÉLÈVE DE L’ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE A PARIS, CHEZ BACHELIER, LIBRAIRIE, QUAI DES AUGUSTINS, No. 55 ** 1824
3. From Solar Water Pumping to Remote Power Units Solar Water Pumping System 1966 122 ORMAT ® ENERGY CONVERTERS powering 62 Remote Gate Valve stations along the TransAlaska Pipeline 1976
5. From Solar Pond to Geothermal Power Plants 1982 1999 5 MW Ormat Solar Pond Power Plant at the Dead Sea, Israel 24 MW Binary Geothermal Power Plant; Zunil, Guatemala
6. Continuous Improvement of efficiency Specific Steam Consumption vs Turbine Inlet Pressure based on SKM study by Menzies et.al (, GRC 2001)
12. 1656b 60 MW Mokai I Power Plant 666.5 T/hr Brine Flow 288.6 T/hr Steam Flow 18.5 bar.a Steam Pressure 5.42 kg/kWh Plant Net Steam Rate 53.3 MW Plant Net Power 14.5 °C Ambient Temp.
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14. ORC Technology Same Technology / Different Applications Binary Geothermal Power Plant Recovered Energy Generation Power Plant Recovered Energy Generation Power Plant for LNG Terminals
15. Growth – What’s Ahead Beyond 2009 Approximately 100 MW including Grass Valley to be added per year Peetz Carson Lake Buffalo Valley Puna Brawley phase II OREG II GDL (New Zealand) Project 2009 4 18-30 18-30 8 50 11 4-5 (49%) MW 2007-2008 10 10 4 20 (1) 10 17 35 50 11 Ormesa Galena 2 Steamboat Hills Amatitlan Desert Peak 2 Heber South Galena III Olkaria Brawley OREG II MW Project Total 113 – 138 166* (39) 132 Total Leyte Net * Excluding Orsumas project which is suspended
SLIDE 4 - CARNOT The story of Carnot doesn’t conclude with the important law he invented. He was a young man who died prematurely. But his uncle found a small book of his work, which he published in 1824. And this is what the inventor of efficiency wrote: “ What we call “thermal efficiency is by no means the most important consideration. It is only secondary. It should often give precedence to safety, to strength, to the durability of the engine … and of course to the price”. In 1824 there was no Ford or General Motors. The thermal engine and the steam had already been invented. Watt had introduced a valve to regulate steam turbines. Sometimes one invents something without knowing the ultimate reason. Then we adjust the theory,and the one who understands the theory attains better performance. We at ORMAT live on durability and the reliability of our products, not only on their efficiency. For example, our reputation has been based on the reliability of our communication turbines, although their efficiency is not especially high. The last sentence in Carnot’s book ststes thst; “Therefore one has to balance their characters properly and to differentiate between the economy and the convenience, to navigate between secondary and primary means, to lead the team to work in cooperation to achieve a common aim”. It is important at ORMAT to work as a team. A guiding concept that was introduced by a young man 200 years ago, who did not study at a business school or work for a multinational corporation.
