2. Popular Struggles are conflicts fought by
nationalities to gain independence. The term is
used in conjunction with wars against foreign
powers to establish separate sovereign states for
the rebelling nationality. From a different point of
view, these wars are called insurgencies,
rebellions, or wars of independence. Guerrilla
warfare or asymmetric warfare is sometimes used
by national liberation movements, often with
intervention from other states.

3. Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) is a social movement
consisting of adivasis, farmers, environmentalists,
and human rights activists against a number of large
dams being built across the Narmada river. The river flows
through the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Madhya
Pradesh in India. Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat is one of
the biggest dams on the river and was one of the first
focal points of the movement. Their mode of campaign
includes hunger strikes and garnering support. Narmada
Bachao Andolan, with its leading spokespersons Medha
Patkar and Baba Amte, received the Right Livelihood
Award in 1991.

4. The World Bank pressurised the Bolivian government to
give up its control of municipal water supply. The
government sold these rights for the city of Cochabamba
to an MNC. The company immediately increased the price
of water by 4 times. Many people received monthly water
bill of Rs. 1000 in a country where average income was
Rs. 5000 a month. This led to a spontaneous popular
protest. In January 2000,a general strike was announced.
The government agreed to negotiate and the strike was
called off. But nothing happened. Another strike followed in
April which forced the officials of the MNC to flee. The
contract with the MNC was cancelled and water supply
restored at old rates.