The document discusses disciplinary practices in schools and zero-tolerance policies. It summarizes research that found racial disparities in how students, especially Hispanic and dark-skinned students, are disciplined. These students faced harsher punishments like expulsion and suspension at higher rates than white students. The research also found that male students received harsher treatment than female students. The authors propose shifting to a developmental approach for discipline that is fair and unbiased, in order to improve achievement for all students.