The document discusses two approaches to privacy law: a rights-based approach and a harms-based approach. Under a rights-based approach, infringing on privacy is illegal regardless of harm, making cases easier to prove but potentially over-protective. The U.S. takes a harms-based approach, requiring plaintiffs to prove actual harm. This approach has drawbacks but considers purpose and nature of information collection. It is also more adaptable to technological changes.
The document discusses the history and changing nature of privacy in the digital age. It traces the concept of privacy back to its origins in Latin and its establishment as a legal right in the late 19th century. However, technological advances like increased data storage, communication capabilities, and the rise of social media have challenged traditional notions of privacy and blurred the lines between surveillance, self-surveillance, and exhibitionism online. These changes have outpaced the development of regulation, leaving individual privacy protections incomplete as new issues like data collection, analysis, and use emerge.
This document repeats words and phrases related to Christmas, romance, copper, and winter. It references traditions of Christmas and romantic notions without providing additional context or a clear purpose across the various repeated terms.
- XING reported its best quarterly results since going public in 2006 in Q3 2014, with total revenues growing 20% to €26 million, driven by growth in the Network/Premium and E-Recruiting segments.
- EBITDA was €9.1 million including a non-operating item, and €9.9 million excluding this item. Net profit was €4.7 million including the item and €5.4 million excluding it.
- XING added 282,000 new platform members in Q3, bringing its total user base to 7.94 million in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. It expects full year 2014 EBITDA of €28-29 million.
El documento anuncia una charla que tendrá lugar el 28 de noviembre en el Museo Juan Cabré en Calaceite, Teruel. La charla, a cargo de Jordi Rovira y Angels Casanovas, conmemora el centenario de las primeras exploraciones arqueológicas del Institut d'Estudis Catalans en San Antonio de Calaceite.
Xemplar Project Management is an independent consultancy that specializes in assisting subcontractors to improve their project and contract management since 1998. They offer various services including administration, site support, financial management, upfront risk analysis, and their Xemplar Cost Management System to help subcontractors gain control over their projects and protect their commercial interests. Their experienced team led by owner Rhys Bennett has successfully managed many high-risk projects in Southeast Queensland.
Este documento describe el proceso de diseño y dotación del interior de una cúpula. Se imprimió en 3D el modelo completo utilizando filamento de madera. Se mecanizó una plantilla de suelo en un pantógrafo y se colocaron guías y tarugos de fijación. Luego se cortaron y mecanizaron las piezas de COMPACMEL, taladrándolas y fresándolas para encajar con los tarugos. Finalmente, las piezas del suelo fueron terminadas y presentadas.
1. Evaluate the Category including market, Management team , Product Differentiation, Business Model, Financing and Investment Opportunity
2. Evaluate Following:
Is the target niche market worth at least $1 or 2 billion? Is the targeted segment worth $1-2
billion? Identify industries of target market (ideally there are multiple)
• Is the CEO relying on Noah’s gift, “Build it and they will come,” or does he/she realize that
he/she will need to do work to connect with the market.
• Is the market already very saturated (is the industry mature)? If the company is competing in
a highly consolidated market and its only differentiation is an easily replicable idea, one of
the industry’s giants could reproduce the idea in 4 weeks by throwing $100 million at a
project – the giant will always be able to outspend the startup.
• Do you have revenue? If not, can you prove product-market fit? Is the product viable? Do you
have any customers? Do you have repeat customers? Or customer testimonials?
• What is your actual revenue so far? Why do you think your revenue will grow by x next year?
• Who is your customer? Do you sell these to a manufacturer, the end user? Is the end user
commercial or residential? Do you have any customers? Who is the individual you are selling
to? Who are you targeting? Have you talked to any of your expected customers?
• You mention and cite quite a few international statistics in your business plan. What is your
plan to access those markets?
• What is your customers acquisition plan?
Un blog es un sitio web donde una persona o grupo publica artículos de forma cronológica. Un blog puede servir como un diario personal abierto al público donde el autor comparte sus impresiones sobre cosas que ocurren. Un blog tiene una parte visible para los usuarios y un panel de administración privado para gestionar contenidos y funciones. Existen plataformas como Crear Blog, Jimbo, Oblog, WordPress y Blogger para crear fácilmente tus propios blogs.
The document discusses the history and changing nature of privacy in the digital age. It traces the concept of privacy back to its origins in Latin and its establishment as a legal right in the late 19th century. However, technological advances like increased data storage, communication capabilities, and the rise of social media have challenged traditional notions of privacy and blurred the lines between surveillance, self-surveillance, and exhibitionism online. These changes have outpaced the development of regulation, leaving individual privacy protections incomplete as new issues like data collection, analysis, and use emerge.
This document repeats words and phrases related to Christmas, romance, copper, and winter. It references traditions of Christmas and romantic notions without providing additional context or a clear purpose across the various repeated terms.
- XING reported its best quarterly results since going public in 2006 in Q3 2014, with total revenues growing 20% to €26 million, driven by growth in the Network/Premium and E-Recruiting segments.
- EBITDA was €9.1 million including a non-operating item, and €9.9 million excluding this item. Net profit was €4.7 million including the item and €5.4 million excluding it.
- XING added 282,000 new platform members in Q3, bringing its total user base to 7.94 million in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. It expects full year 2014 EBITDA of €28-29 million.
El documento anuncia una charla que tendrá lugar el 28 de noviembre en el Museo Juan Cabré en Calaceite, Teruel. La charla, a cargo de Jordi Rovira y Angels Casanovas, conmemora el centenario de las primeras exploraciones arqueológicas del Institut d'Estudis Catalans en San Antonio de Calaceite.
Xemplar Project Management is an independent consultancy that specializes in assisting subcontractors to improve their project and contract management since 1998. They offer various services including administration, site support, financial management, upfront risk analysis, and their Xemplar Cost Management System to help subcontractors gain control over their projects and protect their commercial interests. Their experienced team led by owner Rhys Bennett has successfully managed many high-risk projects in Southeast Queensland.
Este documento describe el proceso de diseño y dotación del interior de una cúpula. Se imprimió en 3D el modelo completo utilizando filamento de madera. Se mecanizó una plantilla de suelo en un pantógrafo y se colocaron guías y tarugos de fijación. Luego se cortaron y mecanizaron las piezas de COMPACMEL, taladrándolas y fresándolas para encajar con los tarugos. Finalmente, las piezas del suelo fueron terminadas y presentadas.
1. Evaluate the Category including market, Management team , Product Differentiation, Business Model, Financing and Investment Opportunity
2. Evaluate Following:
Is the target niche market worth at least $1 or 2 billion? Is the targeted segment worth $1-2
billion? Identify industries of target market (ideally there are multiple)
• Is the CEO relying on Noah’s gift, “Build it and they will come,” or does he/she realize that
he/she will need to do work to connect with the market.
• Is the market already very saturated (is the industry mature)? If the company is competing in
a highly consolidated market and its only differentiation is an easily replicable idea, one of
the industry’s giants could reproduce the idea in 4 weeks by throwing $100 million at a
project – the giant will always be able to outspend the startup.
• Do you have revenue? If not, can you prove product-market fit? Is the product viable? Do you
have any customers? Do you have repeat customers? Or customer testimonials?
• What is your actual revenue so far? Why do you think your revenue will grow by x next year?
• Who is your customer? Do you sell these to a manufacturer, the end user? Is the end user
commercial or residential? Do you have any customers? Who is the individual you are selling
to? Who are you targeting? Have you talked to any of your expected customers?
• You mention and cite quite a few international statistics in your business plan. What is your
plan to access those markets?
• What is your customers acquisition plan?
Un blog es un sitio web donde una persona o grupo publica artículos de forma cronológica. Un blog puede servir como un diario personal abierto al público donde el autor comparte sus impresiones sobre cosas que ocurren. Un blog tiene una parte visible para los usuarios y un panel de administración privado para gestionar contenidos y funciones. Existen plataformas como Crear Blog, Jimbo, Oblog, WordPress y Blogger para crear fácilmente tus propios blogs.
XMediusFAX is a software-based fax server solution that allows users to send and receive faxes directly from their desktops over an IP network. It integrates with existing phone and fax systems and replaces traditional fax machines. Key benefits include reduced costs, increased security and traceability of faxes, improved workflow and productivity, and support for regulatory compliance standards. Typical customers are businesses with 4 or more fax lines and a monthly fax volume of hundreds that are interested in eliminating analog phone lines and standalone fax machines.
XI международная научно практическая конференция 2014 ТИЭИ. ОткрытиеTIEI
Организаторы XI Международной научно-практической конференции «ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭКОНОМИКИ И
ИНФОРМАТИЗАЦИИ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ» 24 апреля 2014 г.
НОО ВПО НП «Тульский институт экономики и информатики» (ТИЭИ)
Тульское отделение Академии наук
социальных технологий и местного самоуправления (г. Москва)
Министерство образования Тульской области
Управление образования администрации г. Тулы
Торгово-промышленная палата Тульской области
Совет директоров учреждений начального и среднего
профессионального образования Тульской области
Xem ngày tốt chuyển nhà tháng 1 năm 2015, chuyển văn phòng trọn gói, khai trương, động thổ, cưới hỏi, xuất hành,...mang lại may mắn và thành công trong sự nghiệp.
Xecute Solutions is an emerging Business Process Outsourcing service provider focused on applying standard processes and tools to help clients gain a competitive advantage. The company strives to fully meet client needs and keep them updated on technology changes with top professionals. Xecute is dedicated to enhancing customer productivity through superior service and coordination, focusing on delivering high-value services and fostering teamwork. The company aims to be a global BPO leader and provide world-class service the first time every time as part of its mission.
In the case of McHale v Watson, the court considered whether a 12-year-old boy should be held to the standard of care of an adult or a reasonable child when determining negligence for throwing a metal object that hit and injured the plaintiff. The majority dismissed the appeal, finding that the trial judge correctly applied the standard of a reasonable child of the same age, intelligence and experience. However, one dissenting judge believed the objective standard of a reasonable person should apply, and that the boy's actions met the standard of negligence even if that of a reasonable child applied.
The document discusses the tort of privacy in English law. It provides background on how privacy has been protected through the traditional tort of breach of confidence. It then summarizes the current law, which uses a two-part test to determine if there was a reasonable expectation of privacy that outweighs freedom of expression rights. Remedies for violations include injunctions to prevent publication or damages awards.
Computers in Pharmaceutical Formulations - Final.pptxMittalGandhi
This document discusses some of the key ethical issues related to using computers in pharmaceutical research, including privacy, liability, ownership, and power. Regarding privacy, it notes that computers have increased both the scale and qualitative nature of privacy intrusions. The three elements of relevance, consent, and method are discussed in relation to privacy intrusions. Issues of liability around software as a product versus service and ensuring accuracy of data are also covered. Questions around how to define and protect ownership of computer software as a unique type of property are raised.
Spokeo v Robins considers whether harm must be shown for a privacy violation claim. The plaintiff alleged inaccurate information about him from Spokeo harmed his employment prospects. While UK precedent found distress sufficient for harm, US law requires "injury-in-fact". The Supreme Court returned the case to consider this, suggesting privacy rights may be strengthening. As data use increases, regulations must ensure information accuracy and provide redress for inaccuracies to properly balance individual rights with data-driven business. A ruling could guide US law to impose higher standards for data protection.
So You Want to Protect Privacy: Now What?Stuart Bailey
Protecting privacy is more than just stating principles; compliance means being able to demonstrate how everyday practices affect the ability to comply with abstract principles and interests. A short discussion on how managing information helps demonstrate compliance.
Write about Distribution Network Configuration and Inventory Contr.docxericbrooks84875
This document summarizes key concepts and theories related to privacy and cybertechnology from the textbook. It discusses how cybertechnology has increased the collection, exchange, retention, and accessibility of personal information. Several privacy theories are outlined, including intrusion theory, non-interference theory, and Nissenbaum's theory of contextual integrity. Cybertechnology techniques that threaten privacy are examined, such as cookies, RFID technology, computer merging, matching, and data mining. The value of privacy as an intrinsic vs. instrumental value is also debated.
Jeff ifrah get familiarize yourself with variety of lawsJeff Ifrah
Jeff Ifrah is a criminal lawyer who we instruct in criminal trial offers and smaller proceedings and programs in numerous judges. Before becoming known as to the Bar, Jeff worked in both private criminal defense and as a State district attorney for well over several years. This involved working both road and international.
This document summarizes a lecture on confidentiality, disclosure, and the law as it relates to counseling. It covers the legal boundaries of maintaining confidentiality, when disclosure is appropriate, and circumstances where confidentiality may be overridden by public interest concerns like suspected child abuse or prevention of serious crime. Specific topics discussed include the concepts of confidentiality, privilege, and public interest in both maintaining and requiring disclosure of confidential information. Factors counselors should consider regarding issues like duty to warn or reporting suspected child abuse are also addressed.
This document provides an overview of tort law, including the differences between intentional torts and unintentional torts. It defines various intentional torts like assault, battery, trespassing, nuisance, false imprisonment, defamation, and invasion of privacy. It also covers the elements of negligence cases, including duty of care, breach of duty, proximate cause, and actual harm. Defenses to negligence are discussed like contributory negligence and assumption of risk. Finally, it defines strict liability and how it applies to ultra hazardous activities and product liability cases.
The document discusses approaches to assigning blame in cases of corporate crime and fraud. It argues that current legislation requires identifying an individual directing mind to prosecute a corporation, but misconduct often occurs lower down. Some laws have moved away from this by making corporations strictly liable for failing to prevent crimes like bribery. The document suggests alternative approaches could include restorative justice to encourage accountability through apologies and reparations rather than solely punitive measures like imprisonment.
Industry Unbound: The Inside Story of Privacy, Data and Corporate PowerBernard Marr
In this article, we look at privacy, data, and corporate power with insights from Professor Ari Waldman, author of the book 'Industry Unbound' about the challenges of data privacy and corporate power of technology companies.
XMediusFAX is a software-based fax server solution that allows users to send and receive faxes directly from their desktops over an IP network. It integrates with existing phone and fax systems and replaces traditional fax machines. Key benefits include reduced costs, increased security and traceability of faxes, improved workflow and productivity, and support for regulatory compliance standards. Typical customers are businesses with 4 or more fax lines and a monthly fax volume of hundreds that are interested in eliminating analog phone lines and standalone fax machines.
XI международная научно практическая конференция 2014 ТИЭИ. ОткрытиеTIEI
Организаторы XI Международной научно-практической конференции «ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭКОНОМИКИ И
ИНФОРМАТИЗАЦИИ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ» 24 апреля 2014 г.
НОО ВПО НП «Тульский институт экономики и информатики» (ТИЭИ)
Тульское отделение Академии наук
социальных технологий и местного самоуправления (г. Москва)
Министерство образования Тульской области
Управление образования администрации г. Тулы
Торгово-промышленная палата Тульской области
Совет директоров учреждений начального и среднего
профессионального образования Тульской области
Xem ngày tốt chuyển nhà tháng 1 năm 2015, chuyển văn phòng trọn gói, khai trương, động thổ, cưới hỏi, xuất hành,...mang lại may mắn và thành công trong sự nghiệp.
Xecute Solutions is an emerging Business Process Outsourcing service provider focused on applying standard processes and tools to help clients gain a competitive advantage. The company strives to fully meet client needs and keep them updated on technology changes with top professionals. Xecute is dedicated to enhancing customer productivity through superior service and coordination, focusing on delivering high-value services and fostering teamwork. The company aims to be a global BPO leader and provide world-class service the first time every time as part of its mission.
In the case of McHale v Watson, the court considered whether a 12-year-old boy should be held to the standard of care of an adult or a reasonable child when determining negligence for throwing a metal object that hit and injured the plaintiff. The majority dismissed the appeal, finding that the trial judge correctly applied the standard of a reasonable child of the same age, intelligence and experience. However, one dissenting judge believed the objective standard of a reasonable person should apply, and that the boy's actions met the standard of negligence even if that of a reasonable child applied.
The document discusses the tort of privacy in English law. It provides background on how privacy has been protected through the traditional tort of breach of confidence. It then summarizes the current law, which uses a two-part test to determine if there was a reasonable expectation of privacy that outweighs freedom of expression rights. Remedies for violations include injunctions to prevent publication or damages awards.
Computers in Pharmaceutical Formulations - Final.pptxMittalGandhi
This document discusses some of the key ethical issues related to using computers in pharmaceutical research, including privacy, liability, ownership, and power. Regarding privacy, it notes that computers have increased both the scale and qualitative nature of privacy intrusions. The three elements of relevance, consent, and method are discussed in relation to privacy intrusions. Issues of liability around software as a product versus service and ensuring accuracy of data are also covered. Questions around how to define and protect ownership of computer software as a unique type of property are raised.
Spokeo v Robins considers whether harm must be shown for a privacy violation claim. The plaintiff alleged inaccurate information about him from Spokeo harmed his employment prospects. While UK precedent found distress sufficient for harm, US law requires "injury-in-fact". The Supreme Court returned the case to consider this, suggesting privacy rights may be strengthening. As data use increases, regulations must ensure information accuracy and provide redress for inaccuracies to properly balance individual rights with data-driven business. A ruling could guide US law to impose higher standards for data protection.
So You Want to Protect Privacy: Now What?Stuart Bailey
Protecting privacy is more than just stating principles; compliance means being able to demonstrate how everyday practices affect the ability to comply with abstract principles and interests. A short discussion on how managing information helps demonstrate compliance.
Write about Distribution Network Configuration and Inventory Contr.docxericbrooks84875
This document summarizes key concepts and theories related to privacy and cybertechnology from the textbook. It discusses how cybertechnology has increased the collection, exchange, retention, and accessibility of personal information. Several privacy theories are outlined, including intrusion theory, non-interference theory, and Nissenbaum's theory of contextual integrity. Cybertechnology techniques that threaten privacy are examined, such as cookies, RFID technology, computer merging, matching, and data mining. The value of privacy as an intrinsic vs. instrumental value is also debated.
Jeff ifrah get familiarize yourself with variety of lawsJeff Ifrah
Jeff Ifrah is a criminal lawyer who we instruct in criminal trial offers and smaller proceedings and programs in numerous judges. Before becoming known as to the Bar, Jeff worked in both private criminal defense and as a State district attorney for well over several years. This involved working both road and international.
This document summarizes a lecture on confidentiality, disclosure, and the law as it relates to counseling. It covers the legal boundaries of maintaining confidentiality, when disclosure is appropriate, and circumstances where confidentiality may be overridden by public interest concerns like suspected child abuse or prevention of serious crime. Specific topics discussed include the concepts of confidentiality, privilege, and public interest in both maintaining and requiring disclosure of confidential information. Factors counselors should consider regarding issues like duty to warn or reporting suspected child abuse are also addressed.
This document provides an overview of tort law, including the differences between intentional torts and unintentional torts. It defines various intentional torts like assault, battery, trespassing, nuisance, false imprisonment, defamation, and invasion of privacy. It also covers the elements of negligence cases, including duty of care, breach of duty, proximate cause, and actual harm. Defenses to negligence are discussed like contributory negligence and assumption of risk. Finally, it defines strict liability and how it applies to ultra hazardous activities and product liability cases.
The document discusses approaches to assigning blame in cases of corporate crime and fraud. It argues that current legislation requires identifying an individual directing mind to prosecute a corporation, but misconduct often occurs lower down. Some laws have moved away from this by making corporations strictly liable for failing to prevent crimes like bribery. The document suggests alternative approaches could include restorative justice to encourage accountability through apologies and reparations rather than solely punitive measures like imprisonment.
Industry Unbound: The Inside Story of Privacy, Data and Corporate PowerBernard Marr
In this article, we look at privacy, data, and corporate power with insights from Professor Ari Waldman, author of the book 'Industry Unbound' about the challenges of data privacy and corporate power of technology companies.
Industry Unbound: The Inside Story of Privacy, Data and Corporate Power
Xiaowan blog post
1. “The Right to Privacy,” written by Warren and Brandies and published in 1890, laid the
foundation of the law of privacy.1 The article noted that the legal protection of physical body
should be expanded to protect man’s spiritual nature and his personal life.2 Moreover, it not only
first brought up the idea of privacy right by disentangling it from property right, but also
proposed how privacy right’s legal scheme could be. From Warren and Brandies’ legal scheme,
“the law will take cognizant of an injury…even though the damages resulting are exclusively
those of mental anguish.”3 That is to say, Warren and Brandies believed privacy right is a
fundamental right that actual harm is not necessary to be present to constitute infringement. Later
legal professionals hold different opinions on the nature of privacy right: some, like Warren and
Brandies, believe privacy right is a fundamental right that if infringed, strict liability scheme
should be imposed; others believe in privacy infringement cases plaintiff still need to prove
actual harm to receive legal remedies.
These differing viewpoints have shaped privacy law into two different forms.
Specifically, a right-based approach and a harms-based approach. European countries treat
privacy as a fundamental human right, 4 however, in the United States privacy is either protected
by the government via statutory authority, or by private plaintiffs through one of the four
traditional privacy torts: intrusion on seclusion, public disclosure of private facts, false light, and
misappropriation.5 In this blog, I’ll be focusing on comparison of the harms-based approach as
embodied by the privacy torts in relation to the rights-based approach.
Under a right-based approach, a plaintiff doesn’t need to prove what harm has been
resulted from the allegedly infringing activities; infringing itself is illegal per se. As a result, it
will be easier to prove a case and receive remedies. While the rights-based approach offers more
protection to individuals, it can also be over-protective and unnecessarily hinder innovation. On
the other hand, the U.S. harms-based approach has significant drawbacks as well. Specifically,
emotional, psychological, and reputational harms are real and can be significant, but they are
also hard to quantify and typify across a class of people.
One drawback of right-based approach is it fails to consider the purpose of the collection
and the nature of the information. Consider a scenario that a chip maker collects cellphone
performing information to fix bugs, make improvement and finally optimize chip’s performance.
Under right-based approach, without considering the nature of the information being gathered
nor the purpose of collection, such collecting activity would need to consider and address
potential privacy issues, even though such data processing wouldn’t cause any actual harm. If
this is the case, the chip maker may be reticent to collect such feedback despite its value, or
resort to expensive compliance measures despite the lack of clear privacy benefit to the end user.
Both reactions will discourage performance optimization and technology development, which is
certainly not the original intention of protecting privacy.
1 Samuel D. Warren & Louis D. Brandeis, The Right to Privacy, 4 HARV. L. REV. 193 (1890).
2 Id.
3 Erik v. Perk Dog Food Co., 106 N.E.2d 742, 745 (1952).
4 Jenna M. Hauch, Protecting Private Facts in France: The Warren & Brandies Tort is Alive and Well and
Flourishing in Paris, 68 TUL.L. REV. 1219 (1993-1994).
5 NEIL RICHARDS, INTELLECTUAL PRIVACY:RETHINKINGCIVIL LIBERTIESIN THEDIGITALAGE,21-26 (2015).
2. With the same factual scenario, a harms-based approach would result in a different
outcome. Plaintiffs have to prove how such collection of cellphone-oriented data for the purpose
of improving cellphone performance harms their privacy interests. Currently in the U.S., to
succeed the plaintiff must show financial harm in order to provide an infringement of their
privacy interests. While limiting the harms based approach to financial loss provides legal
certainty, in some cases in may not leave plaintiffs whole. That said, there is no inherent reason
a harms-based approach needs to be limited to only recognizing financial harm and there are
many examples of other laws that provide relief for emotional distress, pain and suffering and
other non-tangible harms. From this point of view, a harms-based approach, by offering a closer
nexus between the wrongdoing and the implication of such wrongdoing, provide a more
equitable form of relief.
Moreover, compared to a right-based approach, a harms-based approach is better
adaptable to the ever-changing society. Warren and Brandeis, in their article, highlight the
importance that common law stay “eternal youth.”6 The new technology and business model that
spurred the Warren and Brandeis article was the Kodak instant camera and the tabloid press.7
Had a rights based approach been adopted, would we have the modern cell phone camera? Or
Kim Kardashian? (well, that might be okay). Similarly, the privacy law in the digital age should
evolve pursuant to the social environment. The above simple scenario is the proverbial a tip of
iceberg for the novel problems have emerged in the ever-changing technology-oriented society
we are living in and how a harm-based approach will lead to more desired and reasonable results.
What do you think?
6 Warren and Brandies, supra note 1.
7 Id.