The document discusses sitemaps and how they can help search engines crawl websites more efficiently and comprehensively. It presents the results of the first large-scale study of how sitemaps are used in the real world. Key findings include that over 35 million websites publish sitemaps containing billions of URLs, and that sitemaps increase unique page coverage compared to discovery crawls alone. The authors propose metrics to evaluate sitemaps and present a preliminary algorithm to balance sitemaps and discovery crawls to maximize coverage.
The Role of Venture Capital in the US EconomyMark J. Feldman
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Venture Capital’s Voice:
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Managing Director, The Carlyle Group
Chairman, NVCA
Chicago, Illinois
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In the recent Google I/O 18, there is a session about making your JavaScript-powered websites search friendly. A list of best practices, useful tools, and Google policy change was discussed.
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The internet is a vast collection of billions of web pages containing terabytes of information
arranged in thousands of servers using HTML. The size of this collection itself is a formidable obstacle in
retrieving necessary and relevant information. This made search engines an important part of our lives. Search
engines strive to retrieve information as relevant as possible. One of the building blocks of search engines is the
Web Crawler. We tend to propose a two - stage framework, specifically two smart Crawler, for efficient
gathering deep net interfaces. Within the first stage, smart Crawler, performs site-based sorting out centre
pages with the assistance of search engines, avoiding visiting an oversized variety of pages. To realize
additional correct results for a targeted crawl, smart Crawler, ranks websites to order extremely relevant ones
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The Role of Venture Capital in the US EconomyMark J. Feldman
National Venture Capital Association
Venture Capital’s Voice:
Public Policy & American Competitiveness
Robert E. Grady
Managing Director, The Carlyle Group
Chairman, NVCA
Chicago, Illinois
December 6, 2006
In the recent Google I/O 18, there is a session about making your JavaScript-powered websites search friendly. A list of best practices, useful tools, and Google policy change was discussed.
Smart Crawler: A Two Stage Crawler for Concept Based Semantic Search Engine.iosrjce
The internet is a vast collection of billions of web pages containing terabytes of information
arranged in thousands of servers using HTML. The size of this collection itself is a formidable obstacle in
retrieving necessary and relevant information. This made search engines an important part of our lives. Search
engines strive to retrieve information as relevant as possible. One of the building blocks of search engines is the
Web Crawler. We tend to propose a two - stage framework, specifically two smart Crawler, for efficient
gathering deep net interfaces. Within the first stage, smart Crawler, performs site-based sorting out centre
pages with the assistance of search engines, avoiding visiting an oversized variety of pages. To realize
additional correct results for a targeted crawl, smart Crawler, ranks websites to order extremely relevant ones
for a given topic. Within the second stage, smart Crawler, achieves quick in – site looking by excavating most
relevant links with associate degree accommodative link -ranking
An introduction to Search Engine Optimization and different techniques applicable. The presentation also goes into the history of web, and how things changed from time to time.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
An introduction to Search Engine Optimization and different techniques applicable. The presentation also goes into the history of web, and how things changed from time to time.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Massachusetts - Israel Cleantech OpportunitiesMark J. Feldman
Executive Summary:
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- Electric cars – energy storage, converters etc. for electric cars and the needed infrastructure
In this presentation, you’ll get an overview of the capabilities of Oracle Application Server 10g, the fastest-growing middleware platform available today.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
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In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
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Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
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The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
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This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
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Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
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LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
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During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
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GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
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Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
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Free Complete Python - A step towards Data Science
Inside Google's Search Algorythm! (by Google Researchers)
1. Sitemaps: Above and Beyond
the Crawl of Duty
Sitemaps! Sitemaps!
Uri Schonfeld (Google and UCLA)
Narayanan Shivakumar (Google)
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
2. What are we going to talk about?
• The sitemaps protocol:
– Not introduced in this paper
– Friendly web servers publishing URL lists
• Popular and growing in popularity
• First large scale study over real data:
• How it is used by users
• Its Impact
– First look at how it can be used by search engines
– Lots of future work to get excited over
• Let’s start with:
– Underlying problem that sitemaps addresses
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
3. Dream of the Perfect Crawl
1.Users Have High Expectations:
• Coverage: Every page should be findable
• Freshness: Latest event, viral video,...
• Deep Web: ajax, flash, silverlight,....
1.Search Engines Dream of the perfect crawl:
• Everything the users want
• …but efficient:
– No 404s
– No duplicates
1.Sitemaps to the rescue...
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
4. Sitemaps
1. Basic idea: The web server
1.Puts a URL list, a sitemaps file, on its site
2.Includes new and changed content
3.Lets the search engines know
2. The URL list may also include:
URLs
Last Modification Time
Expected Change Frequency
Priority
1. Let the search engine know:
1."Ping" search engines that their sitemaps file has changed
2.Alternatively include sitemaps in robots.txt file (April 2007)
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
5. Sitemaps: This is how it looks
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<urlset xmlns=
"http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
<url>
<loc>http://www.example.com/</loc>
<lastmod>2005-01-01</lastmod>
<changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
<priority>0.8</priority>
</url>
<url>
...
<url>
</urlset>
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
6. Related Work
1. 1999: "Santa Fe Convention"
1.Lead to OAI-PMH
2."...e-print servers to expose metadata for the papers it
held"
3.Coalition for Networked Information, Digital Library
Federation, Open Archives Initiative (OAI), Herbert Van
de Sompel, Carl Lagoze
2. 2000: Crawler Friendly Web Servers: Brandman, Cho, Garcia-
Molina and Shivakumar
1.Export list of URLs and changed content
3. 2005/6: Sitemaps:
1.Introduced in 2005 by Google
2.2006 Microsoft, Yahoo and Google announced joint
support
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
7. Our Main Contributions
1. First Study of Sitemaps over real world
data:
a) How it is used
b) It’s impact
2. Define metrics to evaluate Sitemaps feeds.
3. Explore:
a) The challenges of using Sitemaps together
with Discovery Crawl
b) Define a preliminary algorithm combining
the two crawls.Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
8. Inside Google
1. Sitemaps & Discovery
2. Sitemaps:
a) Sitemaps are fetched:
• After they are pinged.
• Several frequencies.
a) Sitemaps discovered URLs are fed to the crawling pipeline.
b) Some sources are fed directly for instant crawling.
3. Discovery:
a) New URLs and URLs of changed content are fed back to the
pipeline
4. Pipeline
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
9. How Sitemaps Is Used?
1. Approximately 35M websites publish Sitemaps, and
give us metadata for several billions of URLs.
2. Metadata:
1. 61% include a priority field.
2. 58% of URLs include a lastmodification date
3. 7% include a change frequency field
3. Formats Breakdown:
a) XML Sitemap 76.76
b) Url List 3.42
c) Atom 1.61
d) RSS 0.11
e) Unknown 17.51
4. Robots.txt announced April 2007
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
11. Sitemaps Use Case Studies
1. Looked at three different sites:
a) Amazon: Large.
b) CNN: Dynamic.
c) Pubmedcentral.nih.gov: Archival.
2. Amazon:
a) Huge.
b) Service Oriented Architecture:
• Hard to list valid URLs, when content changes
• Research Opportunity: Auto Generation of Sitemaps
a) 20M URLs published in:
• 10,000 sitemaps files.
• Each file: 20,000-50,000 URLs.
• Log based.
a) Efficiency: URLs crawled vs unique pages
• Discovery 63%, Sitemaps 86%.Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
12. Case Study: CNN
1. Very Dynamic:
a) Many new URLs added daily
2. Sitemaps:
a) News: 200-400 URLs
b) Weekly:2500-3000 URLs
c) Monthly:5000-10000 URLs
d) The lists don't overlap but complete
e) Additional SitemapsIndex of hub pages
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
13. Case Study
Pubmedcentral.nih.gov
1. Archival domain:
a) Add and hardly change.
b) Oldest journal published in1809.
2. Thus, can be exhaustive.
3. Sitemap files:
a) 50+ sitemaps files.
b) 30,000 URLs in each.
c) Last modification inaccurate (unlike
CNN and Amazon).Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
14. Pubmedcentral.nih.gov (cont’)
1. URL break down
a) Discovery and Sitemaps 3 million
b) Sitemaps only 1.7 million
c) 1 million due to duplicates
2. Manually examined 3000 sample URLs from the
missing ~300,000
a) 8% errors
b) 10% redirects
c) 11% other duplicate content
d) 51% judgment call needed (should crawl or
not)
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
18. Evaluating Sitemaps
1. Coverage and Freshness
2. How should we judge usefulness?
3. How far does a URL get in our pipeline:
1. Seen
2. Crawled
3. Unique
4. Indexed
5. Results
6. Clicked
4. UniqueCoverage = UniqueSitemaps(D) / Unique(D)
5. IndexCoverage = IndexedSitemaps(D) / Indexed(D)
6. PageRankCoverage = RankMassSitemaps(D) / RankMass(D)
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
21. UniqueCoverage vs Domain Size
• 46% domains
have above 50%
UniqueCoverage
• 12% domains
have 90%
UniqueCoverage.
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
23. Bang for the Buck…
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
24. Pings and Freshness
First Seen by Sitemaps
• Ping: 12.7%
• Non-Ping: 80.3%
First Seen by Discovery
• Ping: 1.5%
• Non-Ping: 5.5%
• 14.2% Discovered through pings.
• But who saw first is independent.
• Doesn't reflect the potential.
Research Opportunity: Detect and ping policy
• Of URLs seen by both Sitemaps and Discovery.
o 78% Seen first by Sitemaps
o 22% Seen first by Discovery
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
25. Doing Both :
Sitemaps and Discovery
1. New URLs and Refresh: we’ll talk new URLs.
2. You can't fetch it all ⇒ per site quota.
3.What to fetch?
4. Crawl uses some ranking.
5. What should ranking for Sitemaps URLs?
6. How to balance between them?
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
26. Ranking URLs in Sitemaps
1. Priority:
1.Full autority to the webmaster.
2.Is not available all the time.
2. PageRank:
1. Provenly effective.
2.Not available for the truly new pages.
3.Webmasters don't have a Say at all.
3. PriorityRank:
1.Modify graph to take both into account
2.Add sitemaps as a page implicitly linked to from the root.
3.Links from Sitemaps are weighted by priority if
available
4.Calculate PageRank over this modified graph.
5.Hybrid of the two previous methods .
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
27. Balancing the Crawl:
Algorithm Simplified
1. for epoch in 0..infinity do
2. kD = kS = 1/2
1.Fetch:
1.Top kD * Quota from Discovery
2.Top kS * Quota from Sitemaps
2.Measure derivative of the utility (IndexCoverage)
3.Adjust kC and KS
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
28. Conclusion and Future Work
1. Large scale study, real data
2. You cannot stop Discovery… yet.
3. Presented metrics for freshness and coverage.
4. Sitemaps evaluated for coverage and freshness.
5. Presented Algorithm to combine Sitemaps & Discovery
6. To Be Done
1. Good news: tons of future work
2. Duplicates not solved on web-server side either.
3. Better Pings.
4. Ranking Sitemaps URLs can be a challenge.
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009
29. Acks
We wish to thank many Googlers!
thank...
Dennis Geels, Ori Gershony, Laramie, Madhu, Thomal, Alkis,
Peter Dickman, Arup, Charlie, Nish, Rosemary, Ralph, Nikhil.
Copyright Uri Schonfeld, shuri.org April
2009