World Trade Organization- Brief OverviewKashyap Shah
How and WHY GATT changed to WTO ?
What are the various functions & objectives of WTO.
Some of the key characteristics of WTO Agreements
From India's Perspective- Advantages & Disadvantages
Foreign Trade policies of developed countries Aayush Makkar
This report tells about the foreign trade policies of eight developed countries which are USA, UK, Australia, China, Taiwan, Germany, Singapore, and South Korea. These countries uses different policies to promote exports so that exporters (specially small and medium enterprises) of that country can get maximum benefit out of the policies, because of these policies maximum export happens in these counties. Policies of each country is very much different from policies of other country depending upon the need. All polices can be seen in the matrix.
Result of these research shows that foreign trade policies of eight different counties can be categories in 13 headings which are as follows:
1. Exhibition support
2. Capability building
3. Export assistance to foreign companies
4. E-export assistance
5. Marketing research by country type
6. Single website assistance
7. Overseas market assistance
8. Enhancing competitiveness
9. Financing
10. Export credit insurance
11. Tax benefits
12. Market research by industry type
13. Miscellaneous
This report tells about what policies India should adopt from these eight developed countries so that they benefit Indian exporters (especially small medium enterprises) to export. At present Indian foreign trade policies lack giving assistance to exporters and this is the reason India is lacking behind total overall export.
Detailed description where India is lacking is explained in the report with the reasons.
The 2014 Annual Report is split into three main sections. The first contains a message from the WTO Director-General. The second section provides a brief overview of 2013 and some background information on the WTO, while the third has more in-depth information.
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
World Trade Organization- Brief OverviewKashyap Shah
How and WHY GATT changed to WTO ?
What are the various functions & objectives of WTO.
Some of the key characteristics of WTO Agreements
From India's Perspective- Advantages & Disadvantages
Foreign Trade policies of developed countries Aayush Makkar
This report tells about the foreign trade policies of eight developed countries which are USA, UK, Australia, China, Taiwan, Germany, Singapore, and South Korea. These countries uses different policies to promote exports so that exporters (specially small and medium enterprises) of that country can get maximum benefit out of the policies, because of these policies maximum export happens in these counties. Policies of each country is very much different from policies of other country depending upon the need. All polices can be seen in the matrix.
Result of these research shows that foreign trade policies of eight different counties can be categories in 13 headings which are as follows:
1. Exhibition support
2. Capability building
3. Export assistance to foreign companies
4. E-export assistance
5. Marketing research by country type
6. Single website assistance
7. Overseas market assistance
8. Enhancing competitiveness
9. Financing
10. Export credit insurance
11. Tax benefits
12. Market research by industry type
13. Miscellaneous
This report tells about what policies India should adopt from these eight developed countries so that they benefit Indian exporters (especially small medium enterprises) to export. At present Indian foreign trade policies lack giving assistance to exporters and this is the reason India is lacking behind total overall export.
Detailed description where India is lacking is explained in the report with the reasons.
The 2014 Annual Report is split into three main sections. The first contains a message from the WTO Director-General. The second section provides a brief overview of 2013 and some background information on the WTO, while the third has more in-depth information.
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
3. WTO Briefly
The only global international organization dealing with the rules of
trade between nations.
Goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and
importers conduct their business.
Acts as a public forum for trade negotiations, administers the trade
agreements, settles various trade disputes and cooperate with other
international organizations with respect to trade.
All the decisions are taken up by the entire membership
unanimously through consensus.
4. WTO Facts
● Established on 1 January 1995
● ITO (1947) GATT (1948 - 94) WTO (1995 - Present)
● Created by Uruguay Round negotiations (1986-94) of GATT
● 164 member countries as on 29 July 2016
● Headquarter at Geneva, Switzerland
● Current Head is Roberto Azevêdo
5. Ministerial Conferences
The topmost decision-making body of the WTO is the Ministerial
Conference.
It brings together all members of the WTO, all of which are countries
or customs unions.
The Ministerial Conference can take decisions on all matters under
any of the multilateral trade agreements.
It usually meets every two years.
6. Doha Development Agenda - 2001
Developing Countries
● TRIPS vs Public Health
● Agricultural Subsidies
● Differential, Preferential,
Special Treatment
● Labour Issues (excluded)
Developed Countries
● New Issues
● Reduction of Industrial
Goods Tariffs
● Environmental Issues
8. Bali MC - 2013
● Bali Peace Clause - A Major takeaway for India.
● India's tariff hikes on pulse imports questioned.
9. Nairobi MC - 2015
● An agreement on the elimination of agricultural export subsidies.
● Agreement on another package to protect state-sponsored
initiatives so that do not interfere with local food security
initiatives.
● Eliminate all forms of export subsidies provided to cotton farmers
in rich countries.
10.
11. India’s Expectations
● Public Stockholding (Agreement on Agriculture - Domestic
Support).
● Permanent solution for Bali Peace Clause.
13. India’s Stand on e-Commerce
● Submitted a formal document opposing any negotiations on
e-commerce
● Continue the work under the Work Programme on electronic
commerce based on the existing mandate and guidelines but not in
favour of doing anything beyond the work programme of 1998.
14. India’s Stand on Investment Facilitation
2017: Opposed the demand for a separate group on investment facilitation
as there is no existing mandate for it.
2018: India may drop opposition to investment facilitation treaty.
“If the proposed deal is about sharing information and facilitation of
investment, then it may not be problematic for India since we anyway
have opened up most of our sectors for FDI”
- Minister of Commerce, Govt. of India
15. India’s Stand on MSMEs
● It might curtain the country’s space for policy making.
WTO’s argument:
● Employees for MSMEs comprise the majority of the
workforce in most countries.
● Contribution to GDP at around 35% in developing countries
and roughly 50% in developed countries.
17. Fishery Subsidies
● No agreement on interim solution for banning IUU fishing.
● No immediate cut on fishery subsidies for Indian Fishermen.
● More time to safeguard interests of Indian Fishermen.
18. Joint Declaration on Women Economic
Empowerment
● Supported by 119 member nations BUT!
20. References
● www.wto.org
● e-Newspapers
○ Economic Times
○ The Hindu Business Line
○ LiveMint
○ The Wire
○ Business Insider
● www.commerce.gov.in
● Youtube
○ Rajya Sabha TV
○ Online GS
○ Neoias
○ Saar Concept
○ BigPicTV