Writing a Tonal Answer
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A tonal answer is used when the subject modulates to maintain the key. It alters intervals so the answer modulates to the tonic rather than further away. Guidelines include modifying where the dominant occurs and changing intervals like 2nd to 3rd or 4th to 5th. There is no single rule, but examples in J.S. Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier provide good practice writing tonal answers to subjects.
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Choosing between real and tonal answers
The document discusses the difference between real and tonal answers in fugues. A real answer is an exact transposition of the subject up a fifth, while a tonal answer modifies some intervals to keep it in the tonic key area. The document provides examples from Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier to illustrate when a composer would choose a real versus tonal answer, such as when the subject begins on or modulates to the fifth scale degree.
How to Write a Tonal Answer
This document provides guidelines for writing a tonal answer:
1) A tonal answer is required when the subject begins on or near the dominant scale degree or modulates, to keep the exposition from modulating out of control.
2) The tonal answer modifies intervals to maintain the tonic key. Specifically, the place where the dominant occurs in the subject is moved to the tonic, and scale degree 2 becomes 1. Common interval alterations include changing 2nds to 3rds and 4ths to 5ths.
3) Examples are provided where the subject beginning on the dominant is answered with one starting on the tonic, and where a subject's opening 5th interval is answered with a 4
Do you want a real or a tonal answer?
The document discusses different types of answers in fugues:
- A real answer is an exact transposition of the subject up a fifth, maintaining all intervals. A tonal answer alters some intervals to keep the answer in the tonic key area.
- Composers use a tonal answer if scale degree 5 appears early in the subject or if the subject modulates, usually to the dominant. Examples from Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier illustrate these points.
- The next lesson will cover how to write a tonal answer, which is necessary when scale degree 5 begins the subject or when the subject modulates.
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The document discusses different types of tertian harmony, including extended tertian chords that add thirds above the basic triad or seventh chord. It focuses on ninth chords, explaining that the ninth is usually major in a major key and minor in a minor key. The fifth is often omitted from ninth chords to fit within four voices. Applied ninth chords take their quality from the following chord rather than the key. Thirteenth chords are also discussed as having a dominant function with the 13th normally resolving down by a third.
How to write an answer
The document provides tips for writing answers on an exam. It recommends anticipating the exam by studying notes, textbooks, and materials from class. Students should condense materials into summaries and outlines, and practice answering sample questions. On the exam, students should read directions carefully, choose high-value questions, and plan their time. Common question types like identify, explain, compare, and argue require different approaches. Students should prepare in advance, budget time well, and leave time to proofread their answers.
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The document discusses the difference between real and tonal answers in fugues. A real answer is an exact transposition of the subject up a fifth, while a tonal answer modifies some intervals to keep it in the tonic key area. The document provides examples from Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier to illustrate when a composer would choose a real versus tonal answer, such as when the subject begins on or modulates to the fifth scale degree.
How to Write a Tonal Answer
This document provides guidelines for writing a tonal answer:
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2) The tonal answer modifies intervals to maintain the tonic key. Specifically, the place where the dominant occurs in the subject is moved to the tonic, and scale degree 2 becomes 1. Common interval alterations include changing 2nds to 3rds and 4ths to 5ths.
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Do you want a real or a tonal answer?
The document discusses different types of answers in fugues:
- A real answer is an exact transposition of the subject up a fifth, maintaining all intervals. A tonal answer alters some intervals to keep the answer in the tonic key area.
- Composers use a tonal answer if scale degree 5 appears early in the subject or if the subject modulates, usually to the dominant. Examples from Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier illustrate these points.
- The next lesson will cover how to write a tonal answer, which is necessary when scale degree 5 begins the subject or when the subject modulates.
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The document discusses different types of tertian harmony, including extended tertian chords that add thirds above the basic triad or seventh chord. It focuses on ninth chords, explaining that the ninth is usually major in a major key and minor in a minor key. The fifth is often omitted from ninth chords to fit within four voices. Applied ninth chords take their quality from the following chord rather than the key. Thirteenth chords are also discussed as having a dominant function with the 13th normally resolving down by a third.
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Othello provides background information on Shakespeare's play Othello. It discusses that the play was written around 1603-1604 and performed for King James I in 1604. It introduces the main characters including Othello, a Moorish general in the Venetian army, his wife Desdemona, and his ensign Iago who plots to destroy Othello. The document also covers themes of jealousy, honor and reputation, and being an outsider. It provides context on Elizabethan theater, military terms used in the play, and Shakespearean tragedy.
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Writing a Tonal Answer
- 1. How to write a tonal answer For fun and profit
- 7. There is not an easy rule to memorize You just need to get familiar with subjects and answer. Go through both books of the WTC for the best examples.
- 8. Write the tonal answer These are the subjects from the previous lecture.
- 10. WTC Book 1, Fugue 2
- 11. How did you do? There’s a lot to think about, so don’t worry if it wasn’t perfect. Let’s do another.
- 13. WTC Book 1, Fugue 3
- 15. This takes practice I wasn’t kidding about going through the WTC. There are 48 fugues. Enjoy.