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5. Introduction
 Worm infestation is referred to as an infestation of the
host especially human and animals by helminths.
Common types of worm infestation:-
1. Roundworm
2. Hookworm
3. Threadworm
4. Tapeworm

6. Prevalence rate
 The prevalence rate of intestinal parasitic disease was
found to be 37.46% in Nepalese children, 40.17% in
school aged children and 35.84% in preschool aged
children. Males are more affected then females.
 Epidemiology of Intestinal Parasitic Disease in
Nepalese children, European journal of public health
Vol 27 issue -3, November 2017

10. Introduction
 Ascariasis is the most common worm infestation
caused by the adult, ascaris lumbricoids
 Roundworm is one of the largest of the intestinal
helminths or nematode parasite reaching a length of
20-25 cm (10-14 inch).
 Disease is transmitted by fecal-oral route i.e. by
ingestion of food or drink contaminated with eggs.

16. Clinical feature
 Asymptomatic Parent may find roundworm in child's
diaper with/without stool or see roundworms in the
toilet
 Heavy infections: Anorexia, enlarged abdomen, weight
loss, fever.
 Severe infections: Intestinal obstruction, obstructive
jaundice, pancreatitis, lung involvement
(pneumonitis).

18. Treatment

19. Refreshment

20. Refreshment Contd…

22. Hookworm
 Hookworm is an intestinal infestation caused by two
species of nematode (Ancyclostoma Duodenale or
Necator Americanus).
 Hookworm infective larvae penetrate the skin of
barefooted individual and enter inside human body.

23. Life cycle
Human host is infected by the larvae not the eggs.
The infective larvae enter the body usually via
penetrating the skin by walking barefoot.
The larvae are able to penetrate the skin of the foot and
once inside the body,

24. Lifecycle Contd…
they migrate through the vascular system to the lungs
and from there up the trachea and are swallowed,
then they pass down the esophagus and enter the
digestive system, lodges in the intestine,
where the larvae mature into adult worms.

25. Clinical feature
 Light infections : No problems
 Heavier infections: Chronic blood loss due to
hookworm infestation causes mild to moderate iron
deficiency anaemia, Malnutrition.

26. Clinical feature Contd…
 Ground itch

28. Treatment

30. Pinworm
 A pinworm infection is one of the most common
types of human intestinal worm infections caused
by enterobius vemicularis. E.vermicularis is a white
slender nematode with a pointed tail. In human,
they reside in the caecum, appendix, and
ascending colon.

34. Treatment

36. Tapeworm
 These looks like white tape and are long, flat worms
divided into segment which contain fertilized eggs;
these segments breaks off and are excreted in the
stool.

37. Introduction Contd…
 It has two type:-
1. Taenia saginata (Beef tapeworm)= It is a white
semi- transparent worm measuring 4-10 m long.
The head is 1-2 mm in diameter with four lateral
suckers but no hooks.

38. Introduction Contd…
2. Taenia solium= Pork tapeworm has a length of 2-3
m with 800-1000 segments. The head is globular, 1
mm in with a short pigmented hook.

44. Treatment

46. Nursing management
Nursing Assessment
 Assess the general condition of the patient.
 Assess the history of wearing open footwear and
walking barefoot in such areas.
 Assess the food intake habit of patient.
 Observe the physical assessment of patient.

47. Nursing Diagnosis
 Acute pain related to mucosal irritation.
 Ineffective tissue perfusion related to blood loss.
 Impaired skin integrity related to persistent
scratching of the affected area.
 Deficient knowledge related to the disease process
and treatment.

48. Nursing Intervention
 Provide rest periods to promote relief, sleep, and
relaxation
 Administer blood transfusion as indicated.
 Clip the patient’s nails as necessary
 Teach patient and significant others about proper
handwashing

50. Reference of worm infestation
 Uprety K, Child Health Nursing, fourth Edition (2071
Bhadra), Tara Books and Stationery, Chhetrapati,
Kathmandu, pg 149-151
 Shrestha T. Essential Child Health Nursing. first Edition
2015,August. Medhavi Publication; Jamal, Kathmandu
Page no.296-299
 Dahal K, Community Health Nursing –II. 5th edition
Makalu Publication House Dillibajar, Kathmandu, Page no
92-100
 Paul VK, Bagga A, Ghai Essential Pediatrics, eight edition,
CBS Publisher and Distributors Pvt Ltd page 273 to 278
 Gupta B, Manual of basic science-II, Makalu publication,
Dillibazar, Kathmandu,page379-388.