Join Us! Professor Ruby Pawankar, President of the World Allergy Organization (WAO), and Professor Motohiro Ebisawa, Chair of the WAO Communications Council, warmly welcome WAO Member Societies to World Allergy Week 2013 (8-14 April). This year’s theme is “Food Allergy—A Rising Global Health Problem”, and there are many ways Member Societies can participate to help highlight food allergies, provide information about the their increasing prevalence, and explain the need for enhanced education and patient care services to improve safey, prevention, and quality of life.
WAO will again provide resources for its member societies to use for local activities.
This document discusses the prevalence of food allergies in Southeast Asia based on a presentation by Dr. BW Lee from the National University of Singapore. It provides data on the prevalence of various food allergies like peanut allergy from studies in countries in the region. It notes that food allergy patterns may be related to environmental allergens through cross-reactivity. It also presents several case studies of allergic reactions triggered by novel allergens like prebiotics in cow's milk formula and discusses mechanisms of carbohydrate allergen epitopes.
The document discusses molecular allergy testing for peanut allergies. It begins with an introduction of the speakers and agenda. It then provides biographies of Dr. Maeve O'Connor and Dr. Rob Reinhardt, who will discuss the physician and science perspectives on molecular allergy testing. The objectives are to raise awareness of molecular allergy testing and its role in diagnosing and managing peanut allergies. Dr. O'Connor then presents on the burden of peanut allergies and limitations of traditional testing. Dr. Reinhardt discusses the science behind molecular testing and peanut components. Case studies demonstrate how component testing provides more accurate risk assessments to guide patient management decisions.
1. A study in the US found an 18% increase in reported food allergies among children between 1997-2007. A UK study found peanut allergy prevalence of 1.3%, 3.3%, and 2% in children born in 1989-1990, 1994-1996, and 2001-2002 respectively.
2. Studies found that approximately 50-69% of children outgrow soy allergy by age 10, with higher soy IgE levels associated with poorer outcomes. Approximately 50% of children outgrow wheat allergy by age 6.5 years.
3. Introduction of certain solid foods like potatoes after 4 months and fish after 8 months was associated with increased food allergen sensitization at age 5 years
This document summarizes recent research on peanut allergy. It discusses the rising prevalence of peanut allergy in western countries. It also examines factors that may be associated with the development of peanut allergy such as delayed introduction of peanuts in infancy, maternal diet during pregnancy/lactation, and environmental peanut exposure. The document also reviews research on diagnosing peanut allergy and the natural history of peanut allergy. It briefly discusses a new immunotherapy treatment approach called oral immunotherapy.
Probiotic administration in early life, atopy, and asthma, a meta analysis of...Ariyanto Harsono
The document summarizes a meta-analysis of clinical trials on the effects of probiotic supplementation in children. The analysis found that prenatal and early-life probiotic administration reduced the risk of atopic sensitization and decreased total immunoglobulin E levels. However, probiotic administration may not reduce the risk of asthma or wheezing. The effects also depended on the probiotic strain used and the duration of follow-up. While probiotics seemed to reduce infant eczema, the evidence was heterogeneous and did not find an effect on confirmed atopic eczema. Overall, the review concluded there was insufficient evidence that probiotics prevent allergic disease or food hypersensitivity in infants.
Evidence the use of probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic diseaseAriyanto Harsono
This document summarizes a review of evidence on using probiotics in infants to prevent allergic disease and food hypersensitivity. The review found insufficient evidence that probiotics reduce the risk of allergic disease or food hypersensitivity in infants. While probiotic use was associated with a reduction in infant eczema in some studies, the effect was inconsistent between studies and all studies had substantial losses to follow up, indicating caution is needed in interpreting the results due to methodological limitations. In conclusion, the review found the evidence is currently insufficient to recommend adding probiotics to infant feeds to prevent allergic conditions.
This document discusses the prevalence of food allergies in Southeast Asia based on a presentation by Dr. BW Lee from the National University of Singapore. It provides data on the prevalence of various food allergies like peanut allergy from studies in countries in the region. It notes that food allergy patterns may be related to environmental allergens through cross-reactivity. It also presents several case studies of allergic reactions triggered by novel allergens like prebiotics in cow's milk formula and discusses mechanisms of carbohydrate allergen epitopes.
The document discusses molecular allergy testing for peanut allergies. It begins with an introduction of the speakers and agenda. It then provides biographies of Dr. Maeve O'Connor and Dr. Rob Reinhardt, who will discuss the physician and science perspectives on molecular allergy testing. The objectives are to raise awareness of molecular allergy testing and its role in diagnosing and managing peanut allergies. Dr. O'Connor then presents on the burden of peanut allergies and limitations of traditional testing. Dr. Reinhardt discusses the science behind molecular testing and peanut components. Case studies demonstrate how component testing provides more accurate risk assessments to guide patient management decisions.
1. A study in the US found an 18% increase in reported food allergies among children between 1997-2007. A UK study found peanut allergy prevalence of 1.3%, 3.3%, and 2% in children born in 1989-1990, 1994-1996, and 2001-2002 respectively.
2. Studies found that approximately 50-69% of children outgrow soy allergy by age 10, with higher soy IgE levels associated with poorer outcomes. Approximately 50% of children outgrow wheat allergy by age 6.5 years.
3. Introduction of certain solid foods like potatoes after 4 months and fish after 8 months was associated with increased food allergen sensitization at age 5 years
This document summarizes recent research on peanut allergy. It discusses the rising prevalence of peanut allergy in western countries. It also examines factors that may be associated with the development of peanut allergy such as delayed introduction of peanuts in infancy, maternal diet during pregnancy/lactation, and environmental peanut exposure. The document also reviews research on diagnosing peanut allergy and the natural history of peanut allergy. It briefly discusses a new immunotherapy treatment approach called oral immunotherapy.
Probiotic administration in early life, atopy, and asthma, a meta analysis of...Ariyanto Harsono
The document summarizes a meta-analysis of clinical trials on the effects of probiotic supplementation in children. The analysis found that prenatal and early-life probiotic administration reduced the risk of atopic sensitization and decreased total immunoglobulin E levels. However, probiotic administration may not reduce the risk of asthma or wheezing. The effects also depended on the probiotic strain used and the duration of follow-up. While probiotics seemed to reduce infant eczema, the evidence was heterogeneous and did not find an effect on confirmed atopic eczema. Overall, the review concluded there was insufficient evidence that probiotics prevent allergic disease or food hypersensitivity in infants.
Evidence the use of probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic diseaseAriyanto Harsono
This document summarizes a review of evidence on using probiotics in infants to prevent allergic disease and food hypersensitivity. The review found insufficient evidence that probiotics reduce the risk of allergic disease or food hypersensitivity in infants. While probiotic use was associated with a reduction in infant eczema in some studies, the effect was inconsistent between studies and all studies had substantial losses to follow up, indicating caution is needed in interpreting the results due to methodological limitations. In conclusion, the review found the evidence is currently insufficient to recommend adding probiotics to infant feeds to prevent allergic conditions.
Cow's milk protein allergy and intolerance—practical issues in diagnosisApollo Hospitals
The main objective of this very brief review article is to draw the attention of the practicing paediatrician to key issues from a practical standpoint in the diagnosis of both cow's milk protein allergy and intolerance and, even more importantly, clinical features that help to distinguish between these two entities. It also educates the reader regarding a growing realization based on scientific evidence from the developing world that these are entities which need to be recognized even in this part of the world. This article provides useful practical tips to the practicing paediatrician regarding the specific indications and timing of referral to a paediatric gastroenterologist for the management of individuals with cow's milk protein allergy or intolerance. The article does not discuss the management of cow's milk protein allergy and intolerance.
Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is caused by cross-reactivity between pollen and certain raw fruits and vegetables. It occurs in up to 70% of pollen-allergic patients and involves oral itching and inflammation upon eating raw foods. Cross-reactivity is due to structural similarities between pollen and food allergens like profilin, PR-10, and lipid transfer proteins. Diagnosis involves a clinical history and skin or blood tests to specific food allergens. Treatment focuses on avoidance of raw foods and use of antihistamines for symptoms.
Alergias mediadas por anticuperpos ig e versus alergias mediadas por iggMEDIAGNOSTIC
IgG-mediated food sensitivity reactions are delayed, taking hours or days to appear after ingesting the offending food. Unlike immediate IgE-mediated food allergies, IgG sensitivities are difficult to detect without specialized testing and can involve multiple foods. Symptoms of IgG food sensitivity can affect any tissue or organ and include conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, asthma, and behavioral issues in children. Testing for IgG antibodies to specific foods can help identify sensitivities and guide elimination diets to improve conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and autism.
This document summarizes research on wheat allergy. It finds that wheat allergy prevalence is approximately 0.4-1% in children and 0.3-0.5% in adults. Symptoms typically present as skin reactions, gastrointestinal issues, or respiratory symptoms. Wheat allergy often resolves by ages 6-7. Key wheat allergens include alpha-amylase inhibitors, lipid transfer proteins, gliadins and glutenins. Diagnosis involves tests for wheat-specific IgE or oral food challenges. Wheat allergy is associated with increased risk of developing respiratory allergies.
- Nut allergy is commonly caused by peanuts and tree nuts and can cause anaphylaxis. Peanut allergy prevalence is 0.5-2.5% in children in the UK and tree nut allergy prevalence is 0.2-2.2%.
- Diagnosis involves taking a history, skin prick tests, nut-specific IgE levels, and oral food challenges. Skin prick tests ≥3mm or nut-specific IgE levels ≥15kU/L suggest allergy.
- Cross-reactivity between peanuts and tree nuts is common, so testing for multiple nuts is often recommended for those allergic to one type of nut. Component resolved testing for Ara h 2
This document summarizes an educational presentation on approaches to food allergies. It discusses diagnosing food allergies through history, skin prick tests, and IgE blood tests. It also covers managing non-acute food allergies through allergen avoidance, medical treatment, and immunotherapy. Finally, it reviews updates on preventing food allergies through early introduction of foods for high-risk infants and maintaining regular ingestion once introduced. Clinical teaching points emphasize the importance of history, avoiding IgG tests, baked goods aiding egg tolerance, flu vaccine safety, epinephrine dosing, and early solid food introduction.
The presentation is regarding treatment and is not a study; it is a collection of observations made during the treatment of patients. The presentation covers food allergy management strategies, psychological and social impact of food allergy, risk management, food allergen desensitization treatment, and OIT treatment findings.
Presentation By: Dr Richard L Wasserman of Dallas Allergy Immunology
This document provides information for school nurses on food allergies, including an overview of common food allergies, signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis, emergency treatment of anaphylaxis with epinephrine, and developing a food allergy action plan and management plan for students with food allergies. It also discusses a case example of a fatal food-induced anaphylaxis and risk factors. The goal is to educate nurses on recognizing and treating allergic reactions and ensuring safe participation of students with food allergies in all school activities.
1) A study of 68 children with suspected egg allergy found that 51.4% reacted to both raw and boiled eggs, 28% reacted to raw egg only, and 20.5% tolerated both raw and boiled eggs.
2) Detection of ovomucoid (Gal d 1) specific IgE by microarray predicted tolerability to boiled egg - 94% of Gal d 1 negative subjects tolerated boiled egg.
3) Reactivity to Gal d 1 increased the risk of progressing to multiple environmental allergen sensitization.
1) A study of 651 children with pollen-related allergic rhinitis found that component-resolved diagnosis identified a lack of IgE antibodies to major allergens in a significant percentage of patients with skin prick test reactivity, calling into question the appropriateness of immunotherapy for some patients.
2) Without component-resolved diagnosis, immunotherapy would have been prescribed inappropriately in 37% of cases based on skin prick test alone.
3) Component-resolved diagnosis led European and American allergists to change their immunotherapy prescription decisions in 42-48% of cases compared to skin prick testing alone.
What is new in general pediatrics, allergic and respiratory diseasesEnvicon Medical Srl
The document discusses several studies related to general pediatrics, allergic and respiratory diseases from 2017.
One study found that early-term deliveries between 37-38 weeks gestation were associated with increased risk of long-term respiratory morbidity compared to full-term deliveries between 39-40 weeks. Another study showed that preschoolers with bedtimes before 8pm had a lower risk of adolescent obesity than those with later bedtimes. A third study found that high school start times later than 8:30am were associated with improved attendance and graduation rates.
1) While family history increases the risk of developing allergies, it is not a reliable predictor as most children with allergies do not have a family history and most children with a family history do not develop allergies.
2) Studies on maternal dietary avoidance during pregnancy show no significant difference in rates of eczema, allergic rhinitis, or asthma in children at age 5.
3) Introduction of solid foods like peanut products, eggs, and milk/milk products between 4-12 months based on individual risk is not associated with increased risk of asthma or allergy according to several studies. Delayed introduction beyond 12 months may be associated with increased risk.
The document summarizes findings from studies on various interventions for the primary prevention of allergic diseases. It finds that maternal avoidance of allergens during pregnancy does not prevent allergies in children but could harm nutrition. Exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months protects against wheeze and eczema in early childhood. Maternal avoidance of allergens during lactation may reduce cow's milk allergy and eczema in infants. The use of hydrolyzed milk formulas prevents cow's milk allergy and eczema in at-risk children. Strict avoidance of food and aeroallergens in high-risk infants can reduce allergic sensitization and diseases like asthma and eczema in early childhood
This document discusses food allergies and challenges in understanding them. It defines key terms like food allergy, intolerance, and anaphylaxis. It explores factors that determine susceptibility to food allergies like inherent and acquired susceptibility, conditions of exposure, the nature of proteins, and allergic sensitization. Studies on peanut allergy are discussed that examine how dietary vs skin exposure and other intrinsic and extrinsic factors can promote or prevent allergic responses. Ongoing research aims to better understand what makes proteins allergenic and drives differences in individual susceptibility to help address the big challenges in food allergy.
The document summarizes wheat allergy, including its prevalence, major wheat proteins and allergens, cross-reactivity with other grains, and clinical manifestations. Some key points:
- Wheat allergy prevalence varies from 0.4-1% depending on age and region, and is particularly common in Japanese and Thai children.
- Major wheat allergens include omega-5-gliadin, lipid transfer proteins, glutenins, and alpha-purothionin.
- There is extensive cross-reactivity between wheat and other grains like rye and barley due to similar protein structures.
- Clinical manifestations include atopic dermatitis, anaphylaxis, baker's asthma
This document summarizes guidelines and evidence for preventing allergic disease. It finds that maternal avoidance diets during pregnancy and lactation are not recommended. Exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months reduces atopic dermatitis, wheezing, and cow's milk allergy. While hydrolyzed formulas prevent cow's milk allergy compared to regular formula, no formula is conclusively better than breastfeeding. Complementary foods can be introduced between 4-6 months. House dust mite avoidance may reduce sensitization, but evidence is not compelling. Combining food and environmental allergen avoidance reduces wheezing and atopic dermatitis.
This document discusses food allergies from Mass Citizens for Health Choice. It begins with a disclaimer about not relying on the information as medical advice. It then discusses the basics of food allergies, including that 1 in 12 children have one. The top 8 allergenic foods are listed as milk, eggs, wheat, soy, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish. Symptoms of food allergies are described for different age groups from neonates to adults. Long term effects are also mentioned. The document attributes the growing epidemic of food allergies to factors like grain-based diets and lack of traditional and live foods.
The document summarizes an international collaboration between four allergy organizations to develop consensus guidelines on food allergy. An author group was formed and divided into committees to write sections on the definition of food allergy, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Food allergy is defined as an adverse immune response to a food, which can be IgE-mediated, non-IgE mediated, or both. IgE-mediated reactions typically cause acute symptoms within 2 hours of exposure. While many foods can cause allergies, a minority cause most reactions and common allergens vary by region. Treatment involves avoidance of trigger foods and medications to manage symptoms, as there is currently no cure.
Cow's milk protein allergy and intolerance—practical issues in diagnosisApollo Hospitals
The main objective of this very brief review article is to draw the attention of the practicing paediatrician to key issues from a practical standpoint in the diagnosis of both cow's milk protein allergy and intolerance and, even more importantly, clinical features that help to distinguish between these two entities. It also educates the reader regarding a growing realization based on scientific evidence from the developing world that these are entities which need to be recognized even in this part of the world. This article provides useful practical tips to the practicing paediatrician regarding the specific indications and timing of referral to a paediatric gastroenterologist for the management of individuals with cow's milk protein allergy or intolerance. The article does not discuss the management of cow's milk protein allergy and intolerance.
Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is caused by cross-reactivity between pollen and certain raw fruits and vegetables. It occurs in up to 70% of pollen-allergic patients and involves oral itching and inflammation upon eating raw foods. Cross-reactivity is due to structural similarities between pollen and food allergens like profilin, PR-10, and lipid transfer proteins. Diagnosis involves a clinical history and skin or blood tests to specific food allergens. Treatment focuses on avoidance of raw foods and use of antihistamines for symptoms.
Alergias mediadas por anticuperpos ig e versus alergias mediadas por iggMEDIAGNOSTIC
IgG-mediated food sensitivity reactions are delayed, taking hours or days to appear after ingesting the offending food. Unlike immediate IgE-mediated food allergies, IgG sensitivities are difficult to detect without specialized testing and can involve multiple foods. Symptoms of IgG food sensitivity can affect any tissue or organ and include conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, asthma, and behavioral issues in children. Testing for IgG antibodies to specific foods can help identify sensitivities and guide elimination diets to improve conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and autism.
This document summarizes research on wheat allergy. It finds that wheat allergy prevalence is approximately 0.4-1% in children and 0.3-0.5% in adults. Symptoms typically present as skin reactions, gastrointestinal issues, or respiratory symptoms. Wheat allergy often resolves by ages 6-7. Key wheat allergens include alpha-amylase inhibitors, lipid transfer proteins, gliadins and glutenins. Diagnosis involves tests for wheat-specific IgE or oral food challenges. Wheat allergy is associated with increased risk of developing respiratory allergies.
- Nut allergy is commonly caused by peanuts and tree nuts and can cause anaphylaxis. Peanut allergy prevalence is 0.5-2.5% in children in the UK and tree nut allergy prevalence is 0.2-2.2%.
- Diagnosis involves taking a history, skin prick tests, nut-specific IgE levels, and oral food challenges. Skin prick tests ≥3mm or nut-specific IgE levels ≥15kU/L suggest allergy.
- Cross-reactivity between peanuts and tree nuts is common, so testing for multiple nuts is often recommended for those allergic to one type of nut. Component resolved testing for Ara h 2
This document summarizes an educational presentation on approaches to food allergies. It discusses diagnosing food allergies through history, skin prick tests, and IgE blood tests. It also covers managing non-acute food allergies through allergen avoidance, medical treatment, and immunotherapy. Finally, it reviews updates on preventing food allergies through early introduction of foods for high-risk infants and maintaining regular ingestion once introduced. Clinical teaching points emphasize the importance of history, avoiding IgG tests, baked goods aiding egg tolerance, flu vaccine safety, epinephrine dosing, and early solid food introduction.
The presentation is regarding treatment and is not a study; it is a collection of observations made during the treatment of patients. The presentation covers food allergy management strategies, psychological and social impact of food allergy, risk management, food allergen desensitization treatment, and OIT treatment findings.
Presentation By: Dr Richard L Wasserman of Dallas Allergy Immunology
This document provides information for school nurses on food allergies, including an overview of common food allergies, signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis, emergency treatment of anaphylaxis with epinephrine, and developing a food allergy action plan and management plan for students with food allergies. It also discusses a case example of a fatal food-induced anaphylaxis and risk factors. The goal is to educate nurses on recognizing and treating allergic reactions and ensuring safe participation of students with food allergies in all school activities.
1) A study of 68 children with suspected egg allergy found that 51.4% reacted to both raw and boiled eggs, 28% reacted to raw egg only, and 20.5% tolerated both raw and boiled eggs.
2) Detection of ovomucoid (Gal d 1) specific IgE by microarray predicted tolerability to boiled egg - 94% of Gal d 1 negative subjects tolerated boiled egg.
3) Reactivity to Gal d 1 increased the risk of progressing to multiple environmental allergen sensitization.
1) A study of 651 children with pollen-related allergic rhinitis found that component-resolved diagnosis identified a lack of IgE antibodies to major allergens in a significant percentage of patients with skin prick test reactivity, calling into question the appropriateness of immunotherapy for some patients.
2) Without component-resolved diagnosis, immunotherapy would have been prescribed inappropriately in 37% of cases based on skin prick test alone.
3) Component-resolved diagnosis led European and American allergists to change their immunotherapy prescription decisions in 42-48% of cases compared to skin prick testing alone.
What is new in general pediatrics, allergic and respiratory diseasesEnvicon Medical Srl
The document discusses several studies related to general pediatrics, allergic and respiratory diseases from 2017.
One study found that early-term deliveries between 37-38 weeks gestation were associated with increased risk of long-term respiratory morbidity compared to full-term deliveries between 39-40 weeks. Another study showed that preschoolers with bedtimes before 8pm had a lower risk of adolescent obesity than those with later bedtimes. A third study found that high school start times later than 8:30am were associated with improved attendance and graduation rates.
1) While family history increases the risk of developing allergies, it is not a reliable predictor as most children with allergies do not have a family history and most children with a family history do not develop allergies.
2) Studies on maternal dietary avoidance during pregnancy show no significant difference in rates of eczema, allergic rhinitis, or asthma in children at age 5.
3) Introduction of solid foods like peanut products, eggs, and milk/milk products between 4-12 months based on individual risk is not associated with increased risk of asthma or allergy according to several studies. Delayed introduction beyond 12 months may be associated with increased risk.
The document summarizes findings from studies on various interventions for the primary prevention of allergic diseases. It finds that maternal avoidance of allergens during pregnancy does not prevent allergies in children but could harm nutrition. Exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months protects against wheeze and eczema in early childhood. Maternal avoidance of allergens during lactation may reduce cow's milk allergy and eczema in infants. The use of hydrolyzed milk formulas prevents cow's milk allergy and eczema in at-risk children. Strict avoidance of food and aeroallergens in high-risk infants can reduce allergic sensitization and diseases like asthma and eczema in early childhood
This document discusses food allergies and challenges in understanding them. It defines key terms like food allergy, intolerance, and anaphylaxis. It explores factors that determine susceptibility to food allergies like inherent and acquired susceptibility, conditions of exposure, the nature of proteins, and allergic sensitization. Studies on peanut allergy are discussed that examine how dietary vs skin exposure and other intrinsic and extrinsic factors can promote or prevent allergic responses. Ongoing research aims to better understand what makes proteins allergenic and drives differences in individual susceptibility to help address the big challenges in food allergy.
The document summarizes wheat allergy, including its prevalence, major wheat proteins and allergens, cross-reactivity with other grains, and clinical manifestations. Some key points:
- Wheat allergy prevalence varies from 0.4-1% depending on age and region, and is particularly common in Japanese and Thai children.
- Major wheat allergens include omega-5-gliadin, lipid transfer proteins, glutenins, and alpha-purothionin.
- There is extensive cross-reactivity between wheat and other grains like rye and barley due to similar protein structures.
- Clinical manifestations include atopic dermatitis, anaphylaxis, baker's asthma
This document summarizes guidelines and evidence for preventing allergic disease. It finds that maternal avoidance diets during pregnancy and lactation are not recommended. Exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months reduces atopic dermatitis, wheezing, and cow's milk allergy. While hydrolyzed formulas prevent cow's milk allergy compared to regular formula, no formula is conclusively better than breastfeeding. Complementary foods can be introduced between 4-6 months. House dust mite avoidance may reduce sensitization, but evidence is not compelling. Combining food and environmental allergen avoidance reduces wheezing and atopic dermatitis.
This document discusses food allergies from Mass Citizens for Health Choice. It begins with a disclaimer about not relying on the information as medical advice. It then discusses the basics of food allergies, including that 1 in 12 children have one. The top 8 allergenic foods are listed as milk, eggs, wheat, soy, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish. Symptoms of food allergies are described for different age groups from neonates to adults. Long term effects are also mentioned. The document attributes the growing epidemic of food allergies to factors like grain-based diets and lack of traditional and live foods.
The document summarizes an international collaboration between four allergy organizations to develop consensus guidelines on food allergy. An author group was formed and divided into committees to write sections on the definition of food allergy, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Food allergy is defined as an adverse immune response to a food, which can be IgE-mediated, non-IgE mediated, or both. IgE-mediated reactions typically cause acute symptoms within 2 hours of exposure. While many foods can cause allergies, a minority cause most reactions and common allergens vary by region. Treatment involves avoidance of trigger foods and medications to manage symptoms, as there is currently no cure.
1. The document discusses soya bean allergens and their potential to cause cross-reactivity with other foods from the same plant family like peanuts and legumes.
2. People allergic to soya can experience symptoms like diarrhea, fatigue and breathing issues when consuming soya or foods containing soya proteins due to cross-reactivity between protein structures.
3. Identifying similarities in protein sequences between foods may help predict cross-reactivity risks and enable formulation of allergen-free diets tailored to individuals.
The document summarizes information from a lecture on food allergies. It discusses that food allergies affect up to 12 million Americans and are caused by an adverse immune response to food proteins. The most common food allergies are to the "Big 8" foods of dairy, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, seafood, shellfish, soy, and wheat. Diagnosis involves tests like skin prick tests and blood tests to detect allergy-causing IgE antibodies. Treatment is complete avoidance of the offending foods. Future research aims to develop vaccines or cures for food allergies.
This document provides an overview of peanut allergy, including its prevalence, genetics, environmental risk factors, allergens, effects of processing, clinical manifestations, environmental exposure, diagnosis, cross-reactivity, natural history, treatment, and prevention. Some key points include:
- Peanut allergy prevalence is approximately 2% in US children and 1.8% in US adults. Rates are highest in English-speaking countries.
- Genetics play a strong role, with 64% concordance in identical twins. Several loci have been identified that increase risk.
- Major allergens include Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, and Ara h 6, which are resistant to heat and digestion
Food allergies are abnormal immune responses to certain proteins in foods. The prevalence of food allergies among children has increased in recent decades. Reactions can range from mild hives to life-threatening anaphylaxis, which is treated with epinephrine. While schools are responsible for accommodating students with food allergies, families also have responsibilities like providing medical documentation and medications. Complete avoidance of allergenic foods is currently the only way to prevent reactions.
Food allergies are abnormal immune responses to certain food proteins. Common food allergens include shellfish, fish, wheat, soy, tree nuts, peanuts, milk and eggs. Symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening. The mechanisms involve the immune system producing antibodies called IgE against food allergens. Risk factors include a family history of allergies and a young age. Diagnosis involves medical tests to confirm allergy. Treatment focuses on avoidance of triggers and use of epinephrine for severe reactions. Research is exploring use of probiotics and beneficial bacteria to potentially treat or prevent food allergies.
Dietary fortification of sorghum ogi using crayfish (paranephrops planifrons)...Alexander Decker
This document discusses fortifying sorghum-ogi (a weaning food made from sorghum) with crayfish to improve its nutritional value for infants. Sorghum-ogi on its own lacks sufficient protein, fat, vitamins and minerals for infant nutrition. The study mixed sorghum-ogi with 10-50% crayfish by weight in three formulations: soaked sorghum with unroasted crayfish; roasted sorghum with roasted crayfish; and unroasted sorghum with unroasted crayfish. Analysis found the blends had higher protein and fat contents with more crayfish added. Taste tests showed the roasted sorghum with roasted crayfish formulation
Cashew Allergy: Causes, Symptoms, Preventions, and Diagnosing | The Lifescien...The Lifesciences Magazine
A cashew allergy occurs when the immune system mistakenly identifies proteins in cashews as harmful substances. In response, the body releases histamines and other chemicals, leading to allergic reactions
Article 10 Little by LittleLAURA BEILAs food allergies prolife.docxfredharris32
Article 10 Little by Little
LAURA BEIL
As food allergies proliferate, new strategies may help patients ingest their way to tolerance.
Considering that food is full of foreign proteins, it makes sense that the intestine is the immune system's version of Grand Central station. It's the largest organ to regularly sweep up and annihilate molecules that don't belong. And because food comes from outside, it's no surprise that some people have allergies to it. The bigger mystery is why most don't. Somehow during evolution, the immune system and food components developed a secret handshake that allows munchables to pass without a fuss.
Most of the time, that is. Once relatively rare, serious allergies to peanuts, milk, shellfish and other foods appear to be afflicting a growing number of children. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that food allergies now affect about 4 percent of American children, almost 20 percent more than a decade ago. Scientists have ideas to explain the increase—from children raised with too few germs exercising their immune cells to modern food processing that alters natural proteins and adds nonfood substances never before consumed in large amounts. Some studies implicate the use of certain vitamins and even childhood obesity.
Despite the growing problem, doctors have had little to offer beyond advising patients to avoid allergic triggers. Recently, though, studies have raised hope that new approaches might one day treat food allergies and perhaps even prevent the next generation from developing them. “I think we're all encouraged that progress has happened relatively quickly,” says Robert Wood of Johns Hopkins Children's Center in Baltimore. Nonetheless, he cautions, a true, effective therapy is still years away.
If nothing else, the experiments have shown for the first time that curing food allergies is at least possible, even if the long-term prospects aren't clear. Some children who began studies with immune reactions to even the smallest trace of peanut can now eat up to 13 nuts in one sitting. Similar dramatic gains have been seen for milk and egg allergies. Only a few children have been involved in each study so far, but researchers are cautiously increasing the number of enrollees and are emboldened to try other, more innovative methods.
“It's the beginning,” says Andrew Saxon of UCLA's David Geffen School of Medicine. In a field with a history of false starts and disappointment, he says, “it's the real beginning this time.”
New Strategies
Oral Tolerance
Eating tiny amounts of peanut protein can gradually retrain the immune system to tolerate allergens by avoiding the IgE antibody-mediated response.
Vaccines
Hiding a peanut protein in a bacterial cell or injecting a gene-based vaccine may help patients tolerate peanuts by avoiding IgE-activated response.
Tapping Parasites
Scientists are harnessing proteins from helminth parasites that block the activity of mast cells and other immune players ...
- A recent clinical study found that approximately 8% of children under 18 in the US, close to 6 million kids, suffer from one or more food allergies. This is double the rate found in a 2007 CDC study.
- The new findings are based on online interviews with 40,000 households across the US. Experts now believe food allergies and allergies in general are dramatically increasing among children.
- Nearly 2 in 5 children with food allergies have severe allergies where accidental exposure can lead to breathing issues, drop in blood pressure, or even death.
Children have been found to be more susceptible to food allergies than adults in India. To know more about food allergies click on the below link
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FPIAP is a non-IgE mediated gastrointestinal food allergy that is the mildest form. It is characterized by the presence of blood and sometimes mucus in the stools of otherwise healthy infants. It affects infants under 6 months of age, with symptoms appearing between 2-8 weeks of life. The most common triggering foods are cow's milk protein in breastfed infants and soy, cow's milk protein, and extensively hydrolyzed formulas in formula-fed infants. The diagnosis is based on clinical history and resolution of symptoms with dietary elimination of trigger foods. Prognosis is excellent, with tolerance developing in most children by 1-3 years of age.
Food allergies can range from merely irritating to life threatening. Approximately 30,000 Americans go to the emergency room each year to get treated for severe food allergies, according to the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network (FAAN). It is estimated that 150 to 200 Americans die each year because of allergic reactions to food.
The document provides information about cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA), including:
- CMPA is a common food allergy in infants and young children under 3 years old.
- It can present with nonspecific symptoms that are difficult to distinguish from other conditions like GERD.
- The majority (over 95%) of cases present in the first year of life, with most in the first 6 months.
- Presentation can involve different organ systems like skin, GI, and respiratory. IgE-mediated reactions are immediate while non-IgE reactions are delayed.
- Common GI symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, poor feeding, and rectal bleeding. Failure to thrive can
The document provides information on cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) including its epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, and treatment. It notes that CMPA peaks in the first year of life with a prevalence of 2-3% in infants. The majority present with symptoms in the first 6 months. Clinical presentation can vary widely and involve different organ systems, making it difficult to differentiate between IgE and non-IgE mediated reactions. Diagnostic procedures discussed include skin prick tests, serum IgE tests, and oral food challenges.
This document discusses food allergies and anaphylaxis. It notes that food allergies affect 8% of children and cause over 30,000 ER visits annually. The top food allergens are milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, soy, and wheat. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can potentially be fatal if epinephrine is not promptly administered. Epinephrine is the treatment of choice for anaphylaxis as it can reverse airway constriction and drop in blood pressure. Proper patient education on carrying epinephrine auto-injectors and recognizing reaction symptoms is important to prevent fatalities from anaphylaxis.
POSTER Influence of breastfeeding on infant allergy developmentAnya Guy
This document discusses the influence of breastfeeding on infant allergy development. It finds that exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and any breastfeeding for 1 year is most beneficial for decreasing food allergy risk. Components in breast milk like food antigens, antimicrobial peptides, and cytokines provide immunoprotective effects that help infants digest potentially allergenic foods. The duration of breastfeeding is correlated with decreased infant allergy development.
Sesión Académica del CRAIC "Biológicos en la era de las enfermedades alérgicas"Juan Carlos Ivancevich
Este documento resume los avances en el uso de biológicos para el tratamiento de condiciones con inflamación de tipo 2 como el asma, la rinosinusitis crónica con pólipos nasales y la dermatitis atópica. Describe los diferentes tipos de anticuerpos monoclonales dirigidos contra citocinas como IL-4, IL-5 e IL-13 que han demostrado mejorar los síntomas y reducir la inflamación en estas enfermedades. Finalmente, proporciona detalles sobre las indicaciones, dosis y mecanismos de acc
El documento describe un seminario web sobre vacunas COVID para alergólogos. Incluye información sobre los diferentes tipos de vacunas disponibles (de mRNA y vector viral), sus características, eficacia y efectos secundarios. También cubre posibles reacciones alérgicas a las vacunas y cómo diagnosticar anafilaxia. Los presentadores son expertos en alergia e inmunología de Estados Unidos, México y otros países.
El documento presenta información sobre el síndrome de alergia oral (SAO). Explica que el SAO representa una reacción alérgica localizada en boca y garganta a alimentos que comparten antígenos con pólenes. Describe los grupos antigénicos más relevantes como profilinas, proteínas de respuesta a patógenos, proteínas de transferencia lipídica y cupinas, y los alérgenos alimentarios asociados con cada grupo. También presenta datos epidemiológicos e información sobre la fisiopatología
La guía mexicana de inmunoterapia 2019 describe las pruebas diagnósticas para identificar la sensibilización alérgica mediada por IgE. Recomienda las pruebas cutáneas como la principal herramienta de diagnóstico, mientras que las pruebas de laboratorio son útiles como complemento. Describe los alérgenos comunes que deben incluirse en las pruebas cutáneas en México y proporciona pautas sobre la preparación, aplicación e interpretación de los resultados. No recomienda repetir las pruebas cutáne
Sesión de Inmunología del CRAIC "Abordaje de las inmunodeficiencias primarias".Juan Carlos Ivancevich
Este documento resume la presentación de la Dra. Elma Isela Fuentes Lara sobre el abordaje de las inmunodeficiencias primarias. En 3 oraciones o menos, el documento describe la clasificación de las inmunodeficiencias en primarias y secundarias, ofrece una breve historia del descubrimiento de las IDP y resalta que aunque individualmente son raras, las IDP en conjunto afectan a un gran número de pacientes.
El resumen del documento en 3 oraciones o menos es:
La Dra. María del Rocío Salinas Díaz presentó una sesión académica sobre dermatitis atópica en la que revisó la definición, antecedentes históricos, epidemiología, factores de riesgo, fisiopatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta enfermedad. La sesión incluyó información sobre las escalas de gravedad, los criterios de Hanifin y Rajka y Williams para el diagnóstico, así como estadísticas sobre la pre
Este documento presenta información sobre la conjuntivitis alérgica. Se discute la epidemiología, clasificación, signos y síntomas, factores de riesgo, mecanismos fisiopatológicos y tipos como la estacional, perenne, queratoconjuntivitis atópica y vernal de la enfermedad. También se analizan los resultados de estudios sobre la prevalencia de la conjuntivitis alérgica en diferentes grupos de edad y su asociación con otras enfermedades alérgicas.
El documento presenta información sobre el asma, incluyendo su definición, prevalencia, factores de riesgo, factores desencadenantes, patogenia, diagnóstico y fenotipos en niños. El asma se define como una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de las vías respiratorias con obstrucción variable y reversible. Su prevalencia ha aumentado a nivel mundial en los últimos 25 años. El diagnóstico incluye la evaluación de síntomas, pruebas de función pulmonar y, en algunos casos, pruebas de provoc
Este documento presenta una guía sobre el asma para 2020. Cubre temas como la definición del asma, su cuadro clínico, diagnóstico, diagnóstico diferencial, comorbilidades, evaluación del control y gravedad, tratamiento en diferentes etapas, medicamentos para el asma, asma difícil de tratar y severa, exacerbaciones y prevención primaria. La presentación incluye tablas y gráficos sobre los diferentes aspectos del asma.
La rinitis alérgica es el tipo más común de rinitis crónica, afectando aproximadamente al 10-20% de la población mundial. Se caracteriza por síntomas como prurito nasal, rinorrea, estornudos y congestión nasal mediados por IgE tras la exposición a alérgenos ambientales. Puede clasificarse según su duración, gravedad e intensidad de síntomas. Su diagnóstico se basa en el historial clínico, examen físico y pruebas cutáneas e in vitro. Representa un problema
Sesión de Inmunología del CRAIC "Trastornos de la inmunidad innata".Juan Carlos Ivancevich
Este documento presenta una sesión de inmunología sobre trastornos de la inmunidad innata. Se discuten los componentes y funciones de la inmunidad innata, incluyendo barreras físicas, células, receptores y moléculas efectores. También se describen los receptores de reconocimiento de patrones como los receptores tipo Toll y sus ligandos, así como las vías de señalización asociadas. Finalmente, se analizan los defectos en la inmunidad innata que predisponen a infecciones virales graves, bacterianas y
El documento resume las recomendaciones para el manejo de pacientes alérgicos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Señala que no hay evidencia de que los pacientes con enfermedades alérgicas como asma tengan un mayor riesgo de infección o gravedad de COVID-19. Recomienda continuar el tratamiento para el asma y evitar nebulizaciones. También proporciona pautas para la inmunoterapia durante la pandemia, como posponerla si el paciente está infectado o ajustar las dosis de mantenimiento si no pueden
Este documento presenta una sesión clínica sobre alergias, inmunocompromiso y COVID-19. Se discuten los mecanismos inmunológicos del virus, factores de riesgo como la edad y comorbilidades, y el manejo de pacientes alérgicos durante la pandemia a través de la telemedicina y el uso de equipo de protección personal.
La sesión académica trata sobre fibromialgia y espondiloartropatías. La Dra. Carrasco, residente de segundo año de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, es la ponente. Su presentación cubre las generalidades, historia, epidemiología, fisiopatología, manifestaciones clínicas y diagnóstico de la fibromialgia.
El documento presenta información sobre el prurito crónico, incluyendo su definición, epidemiología, vías del prurito, procesamiento en la médula espinal y cerebro, y clasificaciones. 1) El prurito crónico es una sensación no placentera de la piel que persiste por más de 6 semanas y puede afectar la calidad de vida. 2) Su prevalencia varía de 8-38% en la población general y aumenta con la edad. 3) Está mediado por vías histaminérgicas y no histaminérg
El documento presenta información sobre la relación entre el asma y la obesidad. Discute que ambas son problemas de salud importantes a nivel mundial que están relacionados por la inflamación. La obesidad se asocia con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar asma, síntomas más graves y falta de control del asma. Existen varios mecanismos fisiopatológicos que explican esta relación como impedimento mecánico de las vías respiratorias, inflamación e hipoxia relacionadas con la obesidad y producción de adipocinas infl
Este documento resume la respuesta inmunológica hacia el SARS-CoV-2. Explica que el virus se une al receptor ECA2 y activa la enzima TMPRSS2 para ingresar a las células. Esto puede causar una tormenta de citocinas que provoca daño pulmonar en algunos pacientes. Factores como la edad, comorbilidades y carga viral afectan la gravedad de la infección. El sistema inmunológico normal controla la infección, pero una respuesta excesiva puede causar daño inflamatorio.
Sara Brusasco, MD
Editorial Board:
Jean Bousquet, MD
Walter Canonica, MD
Giorgio Walter Canonica, MD
Mario Sánchez-Borges, MD
Managing Editor:
Cristina Mariani
Publisher:
MediPost Inc.
Address:
World Allergy Organization Journal
c/o MediPost Inc.
530 Lytton Avenue, 2nd Floor
Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA
Phone: +1 650-326-1137
Fax: +1 650-326-1138
Email: journal@worldallergy.org
Website: www.WA
2. Welcome to
World Allergy Week 2013
Ruby Pawankar, MD, PhD
President, World Allergy Organization
The World Allergy Organization welcomes all of you to join us and all of the
educators, healthcare practitioners, policymakers, parents, patients,
advocates and media professionals around the world to mark the third
consecutive year of World Allergy Week by organizing and participating in
activities that bring attention to the rising global prevalence of food allergies
and ways to address them.
Motohiro Ebisawa, MD, PhD
Chair, Communications Council
In keeping with the World Allergy Week tradition of bringing attention to a
specific allergic disease each year, the World Allergy Organization has
selected Food Allergy – A Rising Global Health Problem,
emphasizing the great need for increased awareness, training, and
resources that lead to improved safety and quality of life.
www.worldallergyweek.org
3. Food Allergy –
A Rising Global Health Problem
Food allergies are increasing in both developed and developing
countries, especially in children.
The severity and complexity of food allergy is also increasing.
Food allergies are complicated by other allergic diseases such as
asthma and atopic eczema.
Food allergy can be fatal, and appropriate diagnosis is essential.
There is a need for food labeling worldwide.
There is a need for more clinical knowledge as well as resources to
treat food allergy, including the availability of life‐saving medications
such as epinephrine (adrenaline).
www.worldallergyweek.org
5. Food Allergy Symptoms
IgE‐mediated reactions tend to occur immediately or within one to two
hours of ingestion of a food, whereas non‐IgE‐mediated reactions
present later.
Skin manifestations: itching, hives or welts, flush and swelling
Gastrointestinal manifestations: mouth and lip itching, abdominal pain,
vomiting and diarrhea
Respiratory manifestations: runny nose, sneezing, cough, wheezing,
tightness in throat and dyspnea
Generalized manifestations: anaphylaxis – may be the most severe
manifestation of food allergy
Cardiovascular: shock
Source: Fiocchi A, Sampson HA, et al. “Food Allergy”, Section 2.5, in WAO White Book on Allergy, Pawankar R,
Canonica GW, Holgate ST, and Lockey RF, editors (Milwaukee, Wisconsin: World Allergy Organization, 2011),
pp 47‐53.
www.worldallergyweek.org
6. The Growing
Food Allergy Problem
Globally, 220‐520 million people may suffer from food allergy.*
Food allergy has a significant socio‐economic impact.
Food allergy significantly affects the quality of life of sufferers
(mainly children).
The incidence of food allergy (often life‐threatening) is
commonly estimated to be greater in children (5‐8%) than in
adults (1‐2%).
*Extrapolated from European population statistics in: Mills EN, Mackie AR, Burny P, Beyer K, Frewer L et al.
The prevalence, cost and basis of food allergy across Europe. Allergy 2007; 62:717‐722.
Source: Fiocchi A, Sampson HA et al. “Food Allergy”, Section 2.5, in WAO White Book on Allergy, Pawankar R,
Canonica GW, Holgate ST, and Lockey RF, editors (Milwaukee, Wisconsin: World Allergy Organization, 2011),
pp 47‐53.
www.worldallergyweek.org
7. The Burden of Food Allergy Is
Rising in Most Countries
As reported in a survey underway of the Member Societies of the World
Allergy Organization:
The vast majority of countries surveyed so far have reported an increase
in food allergy
No countries have reported a decline in food allergies over the past 10
years
The burden is rising in both developed and developing countries: Many
of the countries surveyed have reported a lack of reliable data and the
need for more studies.
WAO‐WUN Survey on Food Allergy 2013, in progress, contact WAO President
www.worldallergyweek.org
8. Increasing Challenges of Food
Allergy Need to Be Addressed
The disease of food allergy results in exclusion of children from school
canteens and prevents their full participation in school life and society.
Given the current and future public health, social and economic
consequences, the prevention and treatment of allergic reactions to foods
is a major challenge that must be addressed.
Stakeholders must be prepared to meet the needs of patients by
enhancing the diagnostic process, the traceability of responsible foods,
and the availability of substitute foods, assisting hospitalized patients, and
preventing mortality.
Large areas in the world lack legislation on food labeling.
Source: Fiocchi A, Sampson HA et al. “Food Allergy”, Section 2.5, in WAO White Book on Allergy,
Pawankar R, Canonica GW, Holgate ST, and Lockey RF, editors (Milwaukee, Wisconsin: World Allergy
Organization, 2011), pp 47‐53.
www.worldallergyweek.org
9. Causes of Food‐induced
Anaphylaxis in Children
Caused by
Publication food‐induced anaphylaxis Cases
Study Country Ref.
year (n)
1st 2nd 3rd
Järvinen KM et al. USA 2008 Peanuts Cow’s milk Nuts 95 J Allergy Clin Immunol.
Rudders SA et al. USA 2010 Peanuts Cow’s milk Nuts 846 J Allergy Clin Immunol.
Russell S et al. USA 2010 Peanuts shellfish Cow’s milk 124 Pediatr Emerg Care.
Braganza SC et al. Australia 2006 Dairy Egg Peanuts 57 Arch Dis Child.
de Silva IL et al. Australia 2008 Peanuts cashew nut Cow milk 104 Allergy
Crustacean
D. L. M. Goh et al. Singapore 1999 Bird's nest Egg and milk 124 Allergy
seafood
Asian Pac J Allergy
Piromrat K et al. Thailand 2008 Prawn Immunol.
Imai T Japan* 2004 Hen's egg Cow’s milk Wheat 408 Arerugi
*Infant only
www.worldallergyweek.org
10. Food‐induced Anaphylaxis
A case of anaphylaxis
during wheat oral food
challenge: A boy, 4 years
old, developed skin flush
with wheezing and
dyspnea.
Source: Ebisawa M, “Food‐induced anaphylaxis and food associated exercise‐induced anaphylaxis,” in Food Allergy,
James J, Burks W, and Eigenmann P, editors (Elsevier, 2012), pp 113‐128.
www.worldallergyweek.org
11. Worldwide Cases of Fatal
Food‐induced Anaphylaxis
UK 1999‐2006, 48 cases
Peanut 9
Nuts 9
Milk 6
Fish 1
Shellfish 1
Snail 1
Sesame 1
Egg 1
Tomato 1
(uncertain 18)
USA 2001‐2006, 31 cases JACI 2007,119:1018‐9
Peanut 17
Japan 1999‐2004, 4 cases
Tree nuts 8
Shrimp 1
Milk 4
Buckwheat 1
Shrimp 1
Fish 1
JACI 2007,119:1016‐8
Chocolate 1
Nihon Kyukyu Igakukai
USA 1994‐1999, 32 Zasshi2005,16:564‐6
cases*
Peanut 20
Tree nuts 10
Milk 1
Fish 1
*Including a case of Australia 1997‐2005, 7
antigen suspected to cases
cause Peanut 3
JACI 2001,107:191‐3 Fish 1
(no information 1)
(undetermined 2)
JACI 2009,123:434‐42
www.worldallergyweek.org
12. Food Allergy Management and
Anaphylaxis Plans
Challenges:
In many regions autoinjectors are expensive and
not subsidized (especially in countries in Asia,
South America, Middle East, Eastern Europe and
Africa).
Some countries have standardized action plans but no ready access to autoinjectors;
others have autoinjectors but no standardized action plans.
Recommendations:
Implement standardized national ‘anaphylaxis action plans’ for food allergy in countries
where they still are needed.
Improve access to adrenaline autoinjectors in countries where it is limited.
Based on WAO‐WUN Survey on Food Allergy 2013, in progress, contact WAO President
www.worldallergyweek.org
13. To view or download the
WAO White Book on Allergy
visit:
www.worldallergy.org/definingthespecialty/white_book.php
More resources and information about
World Allergy Week 2013
are online at:
www.worldallergyweek.org
www.worldallergyweek.org
14. About the
World Allergy Organization
The World Allergy Organization is an international alliance of 93
regional and national allergy, asthma and immunology societies.
Through collaboration with its Member Societies WAO provides a
wide range of educational and outreach programs, symposia and
lectureships to allergists/immunologists around the world and
conducts initiatives related to clinical practice, service provision, and
physical training in order to better understand and address the
challenges facing allergists/immunologists worldwide.
www. worldallergy.org
www.worldallergyweek.org