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Wireless Sensor Networks
The document discusses wireless sensor networks (WSNs), detailing their types, architecture, applications, and challenges. It emphasizes the importance of middleware for network functionality and highlights various standards for communication. The conclusion notes the potential of WSNs for diverse applications, while also acknowledging that further advancements in technology are needed for practical and cost-effective implementations.
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Wireless Sensor Networks
- 1. 1/14/2014 1 A.SATYA KARTHIK 10071A0501 CSE, VNRVJIET WIRELESSSENSOR NETWORKS WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
- 2. CONTENTS WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Introduction Typesof WSN Characteristics of a WSN Architecture components of a WSN Architecture of a WSN Characteristics of a middleware Concept of SOA for wireless networks Architectural issues Standards and Specifications Applications Challenges Advantages Disadvantages Future Scope Conclusion 1/14/2014 2
- 3. INTRODUCTION Motivation of development Partsof a sensor node in the network Functions of a sensor node in the network WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS What is a wireless sensor network (WSN)…? 1/14/2014 Constraints Cost Size Topology 3
- 4. TYPES OF WIRELESSSENSOR NETWORKS Dense collection of nodes Ad-hoc deployment Difficulty in network maintenance Structured WSN Few and scarcely distributed nodes Pre-planned deployment WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 1/14/2014 Unstructured WSN Lower network maintenance 4
- 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF AWSN Concurrency processing 3. Low cost 4. Restricted energy resources 5. Tiny 6. Small radio range WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Self – Organization 2. 1/14/2014 1. 5
- 6. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Applications - SensorApplications - Node Applications - Sensor Network Applications Sensor Application - Readout of a sensor , local storage of the data. It has full access to the hardware and is able to access the operating system directly. Node Application - Application specific tasks and functions of the middleware to build up and maintain the network Sensor Network Application - Main tasks and required services of the entire network WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Service oriented architecture 1/14/2014 6
- 7. CHARACTERISTICS OF AMIDDLEWARE FOR SENSOR NETWORK Primary objective of a middleware A middleware has to be Scalable Generic Adaptive Reflective 1. 2. 3. 4. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Middleware - software layer between operating system and application 1/14/2014 7
- 8. CONCEPT OF SOAFOR WIRELESS NETWORKS Example of a simple service architecture WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS A simple use case can help determine the software architecture. 1/14/2014 8
- 9. ARCHITECTURE OF NODEAPPLICATION STRUCTURE 1. 3. Node software has 3 parts Operating System which performs device-specific tasks Sensor Driver which initializes the sensor hardware and performs the measurements in the sensor Host Middleware which organizes the co- operation of the distributed nodes in the network WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 2. 1/14/2014 9
- 10. OVERALL GENERAL ARCHITECTURE 1/14/2014 WIRELESSSENSOR NETWORKS The general overall software architecture of the sensor net is shown in the figure Individual nodes interact with the distributed middleware layer to perform the functions dictated by the sensor network application 10
- 11. ARCHITECTURAL ISSUES Network topology Failurein long range communication Increase in traffic decreases the lifetime Single tier and multi tier architecture disadvantages WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Energy efficiency 1/14/2014 11
- 12. ARCHITECTURE – CLUSTERBASED Provides Quality of management (Qos) Dynamic architecture – cluster is a basic unit of software WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Proposed to tackle the previous architectural issues 1/14/2014 12
- 13. STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS 2. 3. WIRELESSSENSOR NETWORKS 1. Predominant standards commonly used in WSN communications include: Zig Bee - Transmit data over long distances by passing data through intermediate devices to reach more distant ones Bluetooth - Wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices by creating PANs’ 6LoWPAN - Defined encapsulation and header compression mechanisms that allow IPv6 packets to be sent to and received from over IEEE 802.15.4 based networks 1/14/2014 13
- 14. APPLICATIONS OF WSN Healthcare monitoring Air pollution monitoring Forest fire detection Landslide detection Water quality monitoring Natural disaster prevention WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Area monitoring 1/14/2014 14 Industrial monitoring
- 15. CHALLENGES Software : 1. Operatingsystems 2. Security 3. Mobility WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Hardware : 1. Low cost 2. Tiny sensors 3. Lifetime maximization 4. Robustness and fault tolerance 5. Self-configuration 1/14/2014 15
- 16. ADVANTAGES OF AWSN Can accommodate new devices at any time Flexible to go through physical partitions It can be accessed through a centralized monitor Infrastructure WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Avoids a lot of wiring 1/14/2014 16
- 17. DISADVANTAGES OF WSN Comparativelylow speed of communication Gets distracted by various elements Costly at large Life of nodes Energy life WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Easy for hackers to hack a network 1/14/2014 17
- 18. FUTURE SCOPE Needs tobe implemented in a wireless sensor network with mobile nodes. The effects of very large node densities need to be investigated. The feasibility of using the clustering technique and data aggregation needs to be tested in the same wireless sensor network. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS More research work needs to be done in future. 1/14/2014 18
- 19. CONCLUSION 1/14/2014 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Asdescribed, wireless sensor networks possess the potential for many applications. The advance of technology enabled the creation of prototype WSNs, but the hardware and software both have a ways to go before WSNs are practical, cost-effective, and usefully. 19
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