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Windows 8.1 i Hyper-V
Ovaj dokument predstavlja agendu i sadržaj prezentacije održane 3. prosinca 2013. godine od strane Tomislava Lulića o Windows 8.1 i Hyper-V, s naglaskom na nove značajke, povijest operativnih sustava te virtualizaciju. Također obrađuje aspekte licenciranja, hardverske zahtjeve i poboljšanja u radu sustava. Prezentacija uključuje zanimljive činjenice o podršci za starije verzije Windowsa i uloge virtualizacije u modernom poslovanju.
Windows 8.1 i Hyper-V
- 1. Agenda 09:30 – 10:00Okupljanje i kava dobrodošlice 10:00 – 10:15 Uvod 10:15 – 11:30 Office 365 i Exchange Online 11:30 – 12:00 Pauza 12:00 – 13:00 SharePoint i Lync Online 13:00 – 13:30 Windows 8.1 i Hyper-V 13:30 – 14:30 Ručak 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 1
- 2. Rješenja za modernoposlovanje Windows 8.1 i Hyper-V – Što je novo? Zagreb, 03.12.2013
- 3. Tomislav Lulić, bacc. ing. 3PRO d.o.o. Od 2006. godine na IT tržištu… 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 3
- 4. Agenda Windows 8.1 - PovijestWindows Operacijskih sustava - Prestanak podrške za Windows XP - Hardverski zahtjevi, verzije i licenciranje - Zašto pokušati sa Windows 8.1 - Neki trikovi i korištenje Hyper-V 3.0 na Windows Serveru 2012 R2 - Povijest virtualizacije - Zašto virtualizirati okolinu - Što donosi novi Windows Server 2012 u Hyper-V roli Pitanja i bijeg na ručak… 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 4
- 5. Poznato, ali poboljšanosučelje Što je novo u Windows 8.1
- 6. Microsoft Windows operacijskisustavi Operacijski sustav (OS) je skup osnovnih sustavnih programa koji upravljaju sklopovljem računala (eng. hardware) radi ostvarivanja osnovnih funkcija računala: ulaz, memoriranje, obrada i izlaz podataka. Operacijski sustav omogućuje vezu između sklopovlja i korisničkih programa. Mnogi korisnički programi u svom izvođenju pozivaju funkcije koje su sadržane u operacijskom sustavu kroz tzv. API (eng. application program interface). Izvor: Wikipedia, 2013. 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 6
- 7. Kratko o povijestiWindows operacijskih sustava RT Win 8 Professional Enterprise RT Win 8 Professional Enterprise 8 8.1 Server 2012 Server 2012 R2 2012 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 2013 7
- 8. Prestanak podrške zaWindows XP (i Office 2003) - Windows XP - Odličan proizvod, posebno nakon SP2 Više od 10 godina na tržištu Još uvijek prisutan na tržištu (od 20% do 35%) Službena podrška do travnja 2014. Nakon tog datuma prestaju se izdavati Patchevi (sigurnosne zakrpe) - Rizik - Sve više sigurnosnih propusta tokom vremena Ograničena podrška za novi hardware Nemogućnost korištenja modernih tehnologija (Office 2013,. NET 4.x itd) - Što napraviti - 3. prosinca 2013. Ostati na XP u izoliranoj okolini Nadograditi sustav na Vistu, Windows 7, Windows 8.x Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 8
- 9. …and now, somethingcompletely different
- 10. Windows 8.1 - Kodnoime bilo je „Windows Blue” - Ekvivalent SP2 kod Windows-a XP - Za korisnike Windows 8 Pro, nadogradnja je besplatna (i bezbolna) putem Windows Store ili Volume Licensing Service Centra - Moguće nabaviti kao novi proizvod 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 10
- 11. Licenciranje OEM – PC Preinstall Full Packaged Product(FPP) Volume Licensing 3. prosinca 2013. 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 11
- 12. Licenciranje– downgrade prava •Downgrade prava dostupna su isključivo putem OEM i Volume License distribucije i ne mogu se primijeniti za nadogradnju sa Windows 8 sustava • OEM downgrade prava dostupna su na PRO verziji dvije verzije unatrag • Software assurance kroz VL (Open itd.) pruža najveću moguću fleksibilnost i mogućnost downgrade-a na Enterprise verziju 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 12
- 13. Razlika između verzijaWindows 8.1 - ukratko Windows 8.1 basic edition for home users. Windows 8.1 Enterprise edition • connect to company networks • Available through Windows Software Assurance • access files on the go • capabilities of Windows 8.1 Pro • encrypt data • Windows To Go • DirectAccess • BranchCache • AppLocker • Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) • 3. prosinca 2013. Windows 8.1 Pro for small- and medium-sized businesses Windows 8 app deployment Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 13
- 14. Zahtjevi Procesor 1 gigahertz (GHz)ili brzi s podrškom za PAE, NX i SSE2 Tvrdi disk • 16 GB (32-bit) • 20 GB (64-bit) 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO Memorija 1 gigabajt (GB) – (x32) 2 gigabajta (GB) – (x64) Grafička kartica Microsoft DirectX 9 grafička kartica sa WDDM pogonskim programom 14
- 15. Razne veličine pločicana Start meniju (Tiles) Razne veličine • Velike • Široke • Srednje • Male…. Velike prikazuju više informacija 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 15
- 16. Poboljšanja desktopa Start gumb Bootanjeu Desktop Poboljšani file explorer Poboljšani task manager 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 16
- 17. Poboljšana podrška zabiometrijsku identifikaciju Zamjena zaporke sa otiskom prsta Podrška za logiranje u aplikacije Ugrađeno dodavanje otiska prsta Mogućnost logiranja na TS sesije 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 17
- 18. Zašto Windows 8.1– u čemu je razlika - Objedinjeno pretraživanje - Poboljšana integracija sa Live Microsoft servisima - Poboljšan pristup SkyDrive-u - Brzina rada veća na istom računalu od Windows 8 i Windows 7 - Zauzeće na disku manje nego Windows 8 - U poslovnom okruženju - 3. prosinca 2013. mogućnost lokalnog Store portala Unificiranost okruženja (PC, laptop, Tablet, mobilni uređaj) Zajedničko upravljanje korisničkog okruženja Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 18
- 19. Nekoliko prečica natipkovnici 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 19
- 20. Windows Server 2012 R2 Hyper-V 3.prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 20
- 21. Kratko o virtualizaciji -počelo je 60-tih godina u laboratorijima IBM-a (OS/380) - Krajem 90-tih VMWare kreće ozbiljnije na x86 platformi - Microsoft 2001. godine – Virtual PC (Connectix) - Hyper-V - 2008. godine - Danas je 2/3 servera na x86 platformi virtualizirano 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 21
- 22. Komercijalne verzije WindowsServera 2012 R2 Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard • Sva funkcionalnost • Neograničene virtualne instance • Licenciranje po procesoru + CAL • Sva funkcionalnost • Dvije virtualne instance • Licenciranje po procesoru + CAL • Visoka virtualiziranost infrastrukture • Niska virtualiziranost ili bez virtualizacije Opcija za srednje i velike organizacije 3. prosinca 2013. Windows Server 2012 R2 Foundation • Licenciranje po serveru • Ograničena virtualizacijska prava za Essentials server • Radi na serveru do dva procesora • Licenciranje po serveru • Nema virtualizacijska prava, radi samo kao fizički server • Jedan procesor • Ograničen na 25 korisničkih računa ili 50 uređaja • Ograničen na 15 korisničkih računa Opcija za male organizacije Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 22
- 23. Microsoft Server 2012R2 Hyper-V – besplatni hipervizor • Potpuno besplatan proizvod • Ovo besplatno se odnosi na hipervizor, odnosno platformu koja sjeda na „željezo” i koja „vrti” virtualne strojeve • Za virtualne strojeve koji će se pokretati, aktualna pravila licenciranja • Mogućnost virtualiziranja i drugih platformi 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 23
- 24. Prednosti virtualizacije • • • • • • • • • • 3. prosinca2013. Ušteda energije Smanjenje broja servera Olakšana izgradnja testnih okruženja Brža implementacija Olakšana migracija Povećanje dostupnosti servisa Poboljšanje Disaster Recovery procedura Lakše segmentiranje servisa Produženje vijeka starijih aplikacija (sustava) Olakšano stvaranje hibridnih sustava (Cloud – OnPremise) Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 24
- 25. Zašto Hyper-V - PodržaneMicrosoft platforme - Podržan Linux - Podržane Oracle baze - Olakšano licenciranje - Homogena okolina - Alati za upravljanje 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 25
- 26. Podrška za OS-ove •Windows Server • Windows Server 2003 R2 – Windows Server 2012 R2 • Windows klijentski sustav • Windows XP with SP3 – Windows 8.1 • Linux • 3. prosinca 2013. CentOS Desktop 5.7-6.4, Red Hat Enterprise 5.7-6.4, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP2&SP3, SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop SP2&SP3, OpenSUSE 12.1, Ubuntu 12.04, 12.10, 13.10 Ubuntu Desktop 12.04, 12.10, 13.10, Oracle Linux 6.4 Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 26
- 27. Konsolidacija poslužitelja iradnog opterećenja 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 27
- 28. Održivost poslovnih procesa– brzi oporavak 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 28
- 29. Organizacija pohrane –Storage spaces 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 29
- 30. Poboljšanja koja sudošla sa Hyper-V u Serveru R2 - Kompresija za bržu migraciju - Online VM kloniranje i izvoz (Exporting) - Online VHDX Resizing - Storage QoS - Dynamic Memory podrška za Linux - Dijeljeni VHDX (Shared VHDX) (Clustering with Shared VHDX Files) 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 30
- 31. Poboljšanja koja sudošla sa Hyper-V u Serveru R2 - Automatska aktivacija virtualnih strojeva - Virtualni strojevi automatski se aktiviraju ovisno o okruženju - Gen2 VM - Virtual SCSI kontroler (disk, CDROM) UEFI Firmware Video/tastatura/miš softverski upravljani - Share Nothing Live Migration - Remote Desktop over VMBus - 3. prosinca 2013. Shared clipboard Audio redirection Enhanced login Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 31
- 32. Za kraj –spomen još nekih servisa koji olakšavaju rad 3. prosinca 2013. Tomislav Lulić - 3 PRO 32
- 33. Zahvaljujem Pitanja? 3. prosinca 2013. TomislavLulić - 3 PRO 33
- 34.
Editor's Notes
- #3 Dobrodošli na 3 PRO prezentaciju o Office 365 iskustvima u praksi
- #8 Microsoft Windows was first unveiled to the public by Bill Gates on 10th November 1983 but didn’t ship until two years later, in November 1985. Windows started as a shell to support cooperative multitasking of DOS programs which appeared in its desktop windows.
- #15 Što su PAE, NX i SSE2?Odnosi se na sustav Windows 8.1PAE (PhysicalAddressExtension), NX (NX processor bit) i SSE2 (Streaming SIMD Extensions 2) značajke su procesora potrebne za pokretanje sustava Windows 8.1. PAE 32-bitnim procesorima omogućuje korištenje više od 4 GB fizičke memorije na verzijama sustava Windows koje to podržavaju, a preduvjet je za NX. NX procesoru omogućuje zaštitu PC-ja od napada zlonamjernim softverom.SSE2 standardni je skup instrukcija na procesorima koji aplikacije i upravljački programi drugih proizvođača sve češće koriste. Ako PC ne podržava PAE, NX i SSE2, nećete moći instalirati Windows 8.1. Kada iz Trgovine preuzmete Windows 8.1 ili pokrenete pomoćnik za nadogradnju, obavijestit ćemo vas ako procesor ne podržava PAE i SSE2, ako možda ne podržava NX ili ako je u BIOS-u PC-ja isključen NX. Ako se čini da je NX isključen, instalacijski će ga program pokušati uključiti tijekom instalacije, a ako ne uspije, vratit će PC na trenutni operacijski sustav. Uključivanje značajke NX u BIOS-uU BIOS-u PC-ja možete provjeriti podržava li procesor NX te ga uključiti ako je isključen. Način ulaska u BIOS ovisi o proizvođaču PC-ja. Na većini PC-ja potrebno je odmah nakon uključivanja PC-ja, a prije pokretanja sustava Windows pritisnuti neku tipku (npr. F2, F12, Delete ili Esc) ili kombinaciju tipki. Detalje potražite u dokumentaciji koju ste dobili uz PC ili na web-mjestu proizvođača PC-ja. Kada otvorite BIOS, na kartici Security (Sigurnost) potražite postavke NX ili XD da biste uključili podršku za NX. Ako na PC-ju nije dostupna postavka BIOS-a za podršku za NX, obratite se proizvođaču PC-ja i zatražite informacije o ažuriranju BIOS-a. Ako vam je potrebna pomoć za otvaranje BIOS-a na PC-ju ili za uključivanje značajke NX, obratite se podršci.
- #31 Gen2 VMsThe basic architecture of the virtual machine has not changed in a long time. Because operating systems were built to operate physical devices, all VMs emulate broadly supported hardware, such as a specific NIC card or IDE disk controller. Hyper-V in Windows Server 2012 R2 supports the concept of a totally new architecture based on modern hardware with no emulated devices. This makes it possible to add a number of new features, such as secure boot for VMs and booting off of virtual SCSI or virtual network adapters. The catch is that guest support is limited to 64-bit versions of Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012.VM Direct Connect – Connecting to a running VM over RDP requires an active network connection, which you can't always count on. In addition to an active network connection, the VM must have an IP address reachable by the system attempting to connect, a requirement with potential management and security issues depending on the environment in which you're running. All this changes in Windows Server 2012 R2 and Hyper-V with the addition of VM Direct Connect. This feature allows a direct remote desktop connection to any running VM over what's now called the VM bus. It's also integrated into the Hyper-V management experience.Extend replication to a third site – Hyper-V Replica in Windows Server 2012 is currently limited to a single replication target. This makes it difficult to support scenarios like a service provider wanting to act both as a target for a customer to replicate and a source to replicate to another offsite facility. Windows Server 2012 R2 and Hyper-V now provide a tertiary replication capability to support just such a scenario. By the same token, enterprises can now save one replica in-house and push a second replica off-siteReplica frequency optionsHyper-V Replica in Windows Server 2012 provides a fixed replication interval of 5 minutes. This means you can't replicate any faster, even if you have the hardware to support it. Nor can you replicate any slower, even if you don't need such frequent copies. Two new options have been added in the Windows Server 2012 R2 release to support more frequent (30 seconds) and not so frequent (15 minutes) replication. This will even support an intermittent connection. By default, Hyper-V Replica will look for 12 missed cycles before it switches into a failed state. With the 15-minute cycle, you buy up to three hours of network downtimeCompression for faster migrationTwo new options in Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V help improve the performance of live migrations. The first is the ability to enable compression on the data to reduce the total number of bytes transmitted over the wire. The obvious caveat is that tapping CPU resources for data compression could potentially impact other operations, so you'll need to take that into consideration. The second option, SMB Direct, requires network adapters that support RDMA. Microsoft's advice: If you have 10Gb available, use RDMA (10x improvement); otherwise, use compression (2x improvement). Compression is the default choice and it works for the large majority of use cases. Online VM exporting and cloningOne of the downsides of Hyper-V in Windows Server 2012 is the need to stop a running VM before you can export or clone it. In production environments, this is simply not an option. Windows Server 2012 R2 Hyper-V removes this restriction. It's now possible to export or clone a running VM from System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2012 R2 with a few mouse clicks. As with pretty much anything related to managing Windows Server 2012, you can accomplish the same task using Windows PowerShellOnline VHDX resizingIn Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V, it is not possible to resize a virtual hard disk attached to a running VM. Windows Server 2012 R2 removes this restriction, making it possible to not only expand but even reduce the size of the virtual disk (VHDX format only) without stopping the running VM. What you can't do with this feature: Compress an online VHD. You can make these adjustments from System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2012 R2, Hyper-V Manager, or the command line using PowerShell. You can use PowerShell to set the disk size to the current disk consumption if you want to reduce it to the absolute minimum. Storage QoSWindows Server 2012 R2 includes the ability to limit individual VMs to a specific level of I/O throughput. In the screenshot at left, you can see the two settings for minimum and maximum IOPS. In the initial release of Windows Server 2012 R2, the only number that really makes a difference is the maximum limit. The IOPS are measured by monitoring the actual disk rate to and from the attached virtual hard drives. If you have applications capable of consuming large amounts of I/O, you'll want to consider this setting to ensure that a single I/O-hungry VM won't starve neighbor VMs or take down the entire hostDynamic Memory support for LinuxMicrosoft continues to improve support for Linux VMs. In the Windows Server 2012 R2 release, Hyper-V gains the ability to dynamically expand the amount of memory available to a running VM. This capability is especially handy for any Linux workload (notably Web servers) where the amount of memory needed by the VM changes over time. In environments with many Linux VMs, dynamic memory becomes even more critical to efficiently manage the total memory used by all running VMs. Windows Server 2012 R2 Hyper-V also brings Windows Server backups to Linux guests.Shared VHDXWith Windows Server R2 Hyper-V, Windows guest clusters (think traditional Windows Server failover clustering but using a pair of VMs) no longer require an iSCSI or Fibre Channel SAN, but can be configured using commodity storage: namely a shared VHDX file stored on a Cluster Shared Volume. Note that while the clustered VMs can be live migrated as per usual, a live storage migration of the VHDX file requires one of the cluster nodes to be taken offline.
- #32 Shared nothing live migration is a feature of Microsoft Hyper-V 3.0 and VMware vSphere 5.1 that allows a virtual machine (VM) to be moved from one physical server with direct-attached storage to another physical server with direct-attached storage.Shared nothing live migration allows an administrator to move a live VM from one host to another with a simple connection, such as a Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) cable. During a shared nothing live migration, any changes are logged and once the original copy is complete, the updated writes are applied to the source and destination virtual hard disk (VHD) files. Once the sync is complete, the copied VM on the destination host is brought online and the copy on the source is deleted. Before the introduction of this feature, live migration was limited to virtual machines hosted on a shared storage system because both the original and target hosts required access to the same storage logical unit number (LUN). If an administrator wanted to transfer a VM that wasn't attached to shared storage, migration became essentially a file copy process with enough downtime to be noticeable.Shared nothing live migration is useful for keeping workloads running while performing maintenance on a host or during a planned outage and is especially useful for small and medium-sized businesses SMBs that don't have storage area networks (SANs). Because a VM's files are copied to a completely different physical storage device, shared nothing live migration can take longer to complete than migrations with a shared storage location