The document provides an overview of the roles and responsibilities of an operational law attorney in a deployed environment. It discusses the basic military and legal structures, introduces the speaker's background and deployment experience, and outlines key aspects of operational law like the law of armed conflict, rules of engagement, detention operations, and the changing role during the speaker's deployment to Iraq from 2007 to 2008 as US forces transitioned responsibilities to Iraqi security forces.
El Palacio de Dolmabahçe en Estambul fue el centro administrativo del Imperio Otomano y luego la residencia presidencial de Turquía. Construido a un costo equivalente a 35 toneladas de oro, el palacio albergó a seis sultanes otomanos y el primer presidente de Turquía, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, quien murió allí en 1938. Actualmente, el palacio forma parte del patrimonio nacional turco y contiene una de las mayores colecciones de lámparas y obras de arte de Bohemia
This document provides an introduction to government regulation and administrative law. It discusses how capitalism can lead to market failures that require government regulation. This need for regulation gave rise to independent agencies and the body of law governing them, known as administrative law. The document outlines the purposes and rise of economic and social regulation. It also summarizes key aspects of administrative law, such as rulemaking and adjudication procedures, and the functions and activities of regulatory agencies.
The document provides an overview of key sources of administrative law, including the Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and federal agency decisions. It discusses how federal agencies promulgate regulations, the rulemaking process, and how final regulations are published in the Federal Register and codified in the CFR. It also describes independent regulatory agencies and their role in creating regulations with the force of law.
The document provides an overview of administrative law, including:
- The basics of administrative law including the definition of agencies, the two types of agencies (executive and independent), and the governing laws such as the Federal Register Act and Administrative Procedure Act.
- Information on federal agency rules, including how they are published in the Federal Register and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations.
- Details on finding and updating federal agency decisions in print resources, online databases, and legal research guides.
- A brief section covering state agency rules and decisions, with examples from Washington state.
The document provides instructions for a revision session on delegated legislation. It divides students into groups and assigns each group an expert on a particular topic related to delegated legislation. It tasks the groups with creating a revision tool within 15 minutes to help answer a 10 mark exam question under timed conditions. Groups are not allowed to consult each other, books, notes, or phones for the first 5 minutes. After 15 minutes, each group must present their revision tool in under 2 minutes and answer 1 minute of questions from evaluators who will assess the groups on teamwork, content, and ability to improve scores answering the same question in less time.
Judicial remedies are means by which a court enforces rights and imposes penalties. There are two main types of judicial remedies available in Uganda:
1. Prerogative orders (mandamus, prohibition, certiorari) which address improper exercises of power by public authorities. They compel authorities to fulfill duties, prevent unlawful actions, or nullify unlawful decisions.
2. Ordinary orders which include injunctions to stop unlawful acts, declaratory judgments to clarify legal positions, damages in limited cases, habeas corpus to remedy illegal detention, and judicial review which allows courts to review the legality of decisions based on grounds like illegality, irrationality, and procedural impropriety. Judicial review ensures public authorities follow
There are three main types of delegated legislation: bylaws made by local councils, statutory instruments made by government departments, and Orders in Council made by the Privy Council. Parliament delegates some of its lawmaking power through enabling acts because it does not have time or expertise to pass all necessary laws itself. Delegated legislation is subject to general supervision through the enabling act and requirement for consultation, publication, and parliamentary and court oversight through judicial review. It allows laws to be made more quickly and flexibly by experts but is also criticized as being undemocratic with reduced transparency and scrutiny compared to laws passed by Parliament.
El Palacio de Dolmabahçe en Estambul fue el centro administrativo del Imperio Otomano y luego la residencia presidencial de Turquía. Construido a un costo equivalente a 35 toneladas de oro, el palacio albergó a seis sultanes otomanos y el primer presidente de Turquía, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, quien murió allí en 1938. Actualmente, el palacio forma parte del patrimonio nacional turco y contiene una de las mayores colecciones de lámparas y obras de arte de Bohemia
This document provides an introduction to government regulation and administrative law. It discusses how capitalism can lead to market failures that require government regulation. This need for regulation gave rise to independent agencies and the body of law governing them, known as administrative law. The document outlines the purposes and rise of economic and social regulation. It also summarizes key aspects of administrative law, such as rulemaking and adjudication procedures, and the functions and activities of regulatory agencies.
The document provides an overview of key sources of administrative law, including the Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and federal agency decisions. It discusses how federal agencies promulgate regulations, the rulemaking process, and how final regulations are published in the Federal Register and codified in the CFR. It also describes independent regulatory agencies and their role in creating regulations with the force of law.
The document provides an overview of administrative law, including:
- The basics of administrative law including the definition of agencies, the two types of agencies (executive and independent), and the governing laws such as the Federal Register Act and Administrative Procedure Act.
- Information on federal agency rules, including how they are published in the Federal Register and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations.
- Details on finding and updating federal agency decisions in print resources, online databases, and legal research guides.
- A brief section covering state agency rules and decisions, with examples from Washington state.
The document provides instructions for a revision session on delegated legislation. It divides students into groups and assigns each group an expert on a particular topic related to delegated legislation. It tasks the groups with creating a revision tool within 15 minutes to help answer a 10 mark exam question under timed conditions. Groups are not allowed to consult each other, books, notes, or phones for the first 5 minutes. After 15 minutes, each group must present their revision tool in under 2 minutes and answer 1 minute of questions from evaluators who will assess the groups on teamwork, content, and ability to improve scores answering the same question in less time.
Judicial remedies are means by which a court enforces rights and imposes penalties. There are two main types of judicial remedies available in Uganda:
1. Prerogative orders (mandamus, prohibition, certiorari) which address improper exercises of power by public authorities. They compel authorities to fulfill duties, prevent unlawful actions, or nullify unlawful decisions.
2. Ordinary orders which include injunctions to stop unlawful acts, declaratory judgments to clarify legal positions, damages in limited cases, habeas corpus to remedy illegal detention, and judicial review which allows courts to review the legality of decisions based on grounds like illegality, irrationality, and procedural impropriety. Judicial review ensures public authorities follow
There are three main types of delegated legislation: bylaws made by local councils, statutory instruments made by government departments, and Orders in Council made by the Privy Council. Parliament delegates some of its lawmaking power through enabling acts because it does not have time or expertise to pass all necessary laws itself. Delegated legislation is subject to general supervision through the enabling act and requirement for consultation, publication, and parliamentary and court oversight through judicial review. It allows laws to be made more quickly and flexibly by experts but is also criticized as being undemocratic with reduced transparency and scrutiny compared to laws passed by Parliament.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
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Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Will Obringer, Office of Judge Advocate, US Army. Speaks At Widener Law
1. Law in the Deployed Environment
Roles and Responsibilities of an Operational Law
Attorney
The overall classification of this briefing is UNCLASSIFIED
Approved by: 4ID G2
CPT William A. Obringer
Chief, Operational Law
4th Infantry Division (Mechanized)
1
2. UNCLASSIFIED
Agenda
• Introduction
• Basic Military and Legal Structures
• Operational Law Attorney
• OIF 07-09 – The Changing Role of Operational
Law
• Questions
UNCLASSIFIED
2
3. UNCLASSIFIED
Introduction
• American University, B.A. 1999
• Widener Delaware, J.D. 2005
• Commissioned as a 1st Lieutenant and entered
U.S. Army 2 Jan 2006
• Assigned to 4th Infantry Division (Mechanized)
Jan 2007
• Deployed to Iraq Nov 2007 as Operational Law
Attorney, Nov 2007 – Aug 2008
• Chief of Operational Law, Sep 2008 - Present
UNCLASSIFIED
3
4. UNCLASSIFIED
Legal Representation in the Army
Structure
XXX X
XX
CORPS BRIGADE
DIVISION
• Commanded by Lieutenant General (3 • Commanded by Colonel (O-6)
• Commanded by Major General (2 Stars)
• Commands between 2 – 5 Battalions
• Commands between 2 – 5 Brigades
Stars)
• Commands between 1 – 4 Divisions • Between 3500 and 4000 Soldiers
• Between 2000 headquarters personnel
• Between 1000-2000 headquarters • BOLT 2 or 3 attorneys and 3 or 4
• OSJA Office 13 attorneys and 15 paralegals
• SJA LTC (O-5)
personnel paralegals
• OSJA Office approximately 30 • BJA Major (O-4)
• DSJA MAJ (O-4);Branch Chiefs MAJ or
• Trial Counsel Captain (O-3)
attorneys and 20 paralegals CPT
• SJA Colonel (O-6) • Client Services Captain (O-3)
• Operational Law
• Deputy and Branch Chiefs Lieutenant • Administrative Law
• Rule of Law
Colonels/Commanders (O-5)
• Operational Law – Divided by • Criminal Law
• Client Services
Plans, Future Ops, & Current Ops
• Administrative Law
• Fiscal Law
• Rule of Law
• Criminal Law
• Client Services
II I
BATTALION/SQUADRON PLATOON
COMPANY/TROOP/BATTERY
• Commanded by Lieutenant Colonel (O- • Lead by 1st or 2nd Lieutenant (O-1 or
• Commanded by Captain (O-3)
•
5) O-2)
Commands 3 -4 Platoons
• Commands 5 Companies • Leads 3 Squads
• Approximately 130 Soldiers
• Approximately 700 Soldiers • Approximately 30 Soldiers
• No direct legal support
• No Judge Advocates • No direct legal support
• All legal services come from BCT
• Each BN has 1 paralegal assigned • All legal services come from BCT
• All legal services come from BCT
UNCLASSIFIED
4
5. UNCLASSIFIED
Division Staff Structure
Civil
G9 Affairs
Provost
Marshal
Finance
G8
Force
COMMAND STAFF
Information Pro
G7 •Commanding General – Major General
Ops
•Deputy Commanding General (Maneuver) Div
– Brigadier General Engineer
G6 Coms & IT
•Deputy Commanding General (Support) –
Div
Brigadier General Surgeon
Plans
G5 •Chief of Staff – Colonel
•G3 (Operations) - Colonel
SJA
Logistics
G4
Chaplain
G2 Intelligence
D-COS
Personnel
G1
UNCLASSIFIED
5
6. UNCLASSIFIED
Office of the Staff Judge Advocate
Staff Judge
Advocate
Deputy Staff
Chief Legal
Judge Advocate
Paralegal NCO Administrator
Chief of Chief of Brigade
Chief of Justice Chief of Client
Operational Administrative Operational
Services
Law Law Legal Team
•Chief of Op Law •Chief of Ad Law •Chief of Justice •Chief of Client Services •Brigade JA (Major)
•2 Op Law Attys •2 Ad Law Attys •1 Trial Counsel •1 Legal Assistance Atty •Trial Counsel (Captain)
•1 Detention Ops Atty •1 Fiscal Law Atty •1 Trial Counsel per BCT •1 Paralegal •Client Services (Captain)
•3 Paralegals •2 Paralegals •4 Paralegals •Brigade Paralegal NCO
•1 Paralegal per BN
•2 Brigade paralegals
UNCLASSIFIED
6
8. UNCLASSIFIED
Key Dates for MND-B
• •
Deployed 27 Nov 2007 Warrant Based Targeting Begins
• •
Transfer of Authority 16 Dec 2007 SOFA Signed 27 Nov 2008
• ―March Madness‖ 24 Mar 2008 • UNSCR 1790 Expires 31 Jan 2008
• •
Non-Lethal Focus SOFA takes effect 1 Jan 2009
• •
MND-B aligns with Baghdad Iraqi Provincial Elections
Province/SOI Transition • 4ID re-deployes 10 Feb 2009
November December January February March
1 15 301 31 1 31 1 281 31
April May June July August
1 30
1 31 1 301 311 31
September October November December January
1 301 311 301 311 31
February
1 28
UNCLASSIFIED
8
9. UNCLASSIFIED
The Operational Law Attorney
• One of the Six Core Competencies of the JAG Corps
• Specialized Generalist
– Rules of Engagement (CHOPS, FUOPS, G3, G5, AVN)
– Rule of Law (G9, Dept. of State)
– Escalation of Force (FUOPS, G3, Force Pro)
– International Agreements / SOFAs
– Psychological Operations (G7)
– Information Operations (G2, G7)
– Intelligence Operations (G2, G2X)
– Detention Operations (G2, G2X, PMO)
– Operational Law Planner for the Division (G5)
– Domestic Operations/Posse Comitatus
• Works with Division Operational Staff to provide legal advice on Current
and Future Operations
• Responds to questions from Brigades on Operational Law questions
UNCLASSIFIED
9
10. UNCLASSIFIED
OIF 07-09 – The Changing Role of
Operational Law
• 16 December 2007 (TOA) – May 2008
– Learning the Job
– Kinetic Targeting
– ―March Madness‖
• June 2008 – December 2008
– Shia flight and Sunni regroup
– Rule of Law
– SOI Transition/Elections
• The Security Agreement
– Implementing the SA
– Warrant Based Targeting
– Detention Ops
UNCLASSIFIED
10
11. UNCLASSIFIED
16 December 2007 (TOA) – May 2008
• Learning the Job
– Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC)
– Rules of Engagement (ROE)
– Escalation of Force (EOF)
• ―March Madness‖ and Kinetic Targeting
UNCLASSIFIED
11
12. UNCLASSIFIED
4 Fundamental LOAC Principles
• Military Necessity
• Discrimination
• Proportionality
• No Unnecessary Suffering
UNCLASSIFIED
12
13. UNCLASSIFIED
LOAC Fundamental Principles
• Military Necessity
• Can only strike or capture targets that offer a definite military advantage
due to their nature, location, purpose, or use
• Does not authorize acts otherwise prohibited by LOAC
• Discrimination
• Requires that ALL attacks be directed only at hostile forces and military
objectives
• At ALL times, MUST distinguish between hostile forces and civilians
• Civilians (both gender and all ages) become a hostile force if they commit
a hostile act or display hostile intent…more to follow on hostile act/hostile
intent
UNCLASSIFIED
13
15. UNCLASSIFIED
Distinction
•Positive Identification (PID)
• PID is a reasonable certainty that the individual or object of attack is a military objective
in accordance with the ROE.
• Not an absolute certainty; would a reasonable person under the same
circumstances have made the same determination
• A judgment call based on all information available to the trigger puller; e.g.
intelligence, known enemy TTPs, circumstances, time, location, behavior.
• PID is the key to every engagement – if you don’t have PID, you CANNOT engage
UNCLASSIFIED
15
16. UNCLASSIFIED
LOAC Fundamental Principles
• Proportionality
•Collateral Damage (incidental loss of life and property) VS. Concrete and direct military
advantage anticipated
• On scene commander (OSC) uses the balancing test as a basis to determine what response,
if any, is appropriate to decisively counter the threat, after taking into consideration the
collateral damage expected
•Cannot engage if the collateral damage will be excessive compared to the military advantage
anticipated by striking the target
• Unnecessary Suffering
• Prohibits use of arms that are calculated to cause unnecessary suffering
• All US weapons are authorized if used properly
• Not authorized to use privately owned weapons, or to tamper with or alter issued weapons
or ammunition
• If permitted to use deadly force, may use any proportional means available; not limited to a
particular type of weapon for a particular type of target
UNCLASSIFIED
16
17. UNCLASSIFIED
Detainees
• You MUST protect any detainees in your custody
– with deadly force if necessary
• They must be treated humanely
• They must be given proper medical care, food,
water, shelter, basic hygiene, clothing
• They must be promptly evacuated from the area;
no PID missions
• Duty to protect and respect
detainees
UNCLASSIFIED
17
18. UNCLASSIFIED
Collect And Care For Wounded
• Law requires you to care
for enemy wounded
– Once injured and no
longer posing a threat,
they become non-
combatants
– Treat enemy wounded
as one of your own
– Safeguard from further
attack
UNCLASSIFIED
18
19. UNCLASSIFIED
Treatment Of Civilians
• Treat ALL civilians and their property with
respect and dignity
• Do not intentionally put civilians in danger
• May restrict freedom of movement for
safety of US personnel or for safety of
other civilians
• You may stop, detain, and search
civilians when there is a reasonable belief
that the individuals (1) are or were
engaged in criminal activity, (2) interfere
with mission accomplishment, (3) are on
a list of people wanted for questioning for
criminal or security reasons, or (4)
detention is necessary for imperative
reasons of security.
UNCLASSIFIED
19
20. UNCLASSIFIED
Protect/Respect Property
• Do not target the following except in self-defense:
– Cultural/historic buildings
– Government buildings
– Non Governmental Organization (NGO) property
– Government detention facilities
– Mosques, religious buildings
– Hospitals and clinics
– Schools, colleges, universities
– Civilian refugee camps and concentrations
– Facilities whose engagement results in pollution
– Dams or dikes whose engagement results in flooding
of civilian areas
• Pre-planned damage or destruction requires CENTCOM
CDR approval
UNCLASSIFIED
20
21. UNCLASSIFIED
Rules of Engagement
UNCLASSIFIED
21
22. UNCLASSIFIED
Self-Defense
• On scene commanders have the authority and obligation
to use all necessary means available and to take all
appropriate actions to defend their unit and other
Coalition and Iraqi Security Forces from a hostile act or
demonstration of hostile intent
– Also permitted to defend all US persons, detainees in
MNF custody, personnel participating in military
operations with MNF and the Iraqi Government, and
NGOs
– Obtain/Maintain PID and respond with force necessary
to eliminate the threat
UNCLASSIFIED
22
23. UNCLASSIFIED
Hostile Act / Hostile Intent
• Hostile Act
– You may engage an individual if you are reasonably certain (PID) they committed/are committing a
hostile act
– Hostile Act: an attack or other use of force against US Forces, CF, ISF, US citizens, Iraqi civilians, and
other designated persons and property
– It is also force used directly to preclude or impede the mission and/or duties of US Forces
– Proportional response requires that you only use deadly force if you are threatened with death or serious
bodily injury
– Can engage someone who has committed a hostile act unless they surrender and no longer pose a
threat or are out of the fight due to injury…you can engage someone running away after a hostile act or
display of hostile intent
• Hostile Intent
– You may engage an individual or individuals if you are reasonably certain (PID) they are exhibiting
hostile intent
– Hostile Intent: the threat of imminent use of force against US Forces, CF, ISF, US citizens, Iraqi civilians,
and other designated persons and property
– The threat does not have to be immediate or instantaneous, but actions must make you reasonably
certain that the individual intends to use force against designated persons or property
UNCLASSIFIED
23
24. UNCLASSIFIED
Escalation Of Force
• Evaluation
• Non-lethal measures:
– Visual Signs: Hand and arm signals, signal flags, laser pointers and
dazzlers, spotlights, flares, etc
– Audible Signals: horn, siren, bull horns, vehicle mounted PA systems,
etc
– Non-lethal munitions
• Disengage/Bypass/Break Contact – If threat does not appear to be
displaying a hostile act after employment of the above measures and the
mission permits, unit may deescalate situation to avoid unnecessary
civilian casualties
• Lethal Measures. Should be used as a last resort and only in response to
positive identification of hostile intent or a hostile act
– Warning Shot. Use sparingly, and only against a safe backdrop, aimed
to the side of a vehicle, or in the direction away from civilian personnel
or vehicles. If a safe warning shot cannot be fired, skip immediately to
disabling or kill shot
– Disabling Shot. This shot is meant for vehicles only, and should be
fired either at the tires or into the front grill of an oncoming vehicle
– Kill shot
UNCLASSIFIED
24
25. UNCLASSIFIED
More Escalation Of Force
• Entrance into a particular “bubble” (e.g. 100m) is not the trigger for use of lethal force. The trigger
is always PID of hostile act/hostile intent, which occurs in convoy situations when the vehicle
ignores initial EOF measures and continues to pose a threat.
• EOF needs to be intelligence based
• Permit local traffic to move freely unless justified by current intel. In most situations, it is common
for local vehicles to be NEXT TO YOU.
• When the intel picture or a particular vehicle suggests an increased threat, use EOF at
appropriate standoff distances to assess whether there is hostile intent.
• Share the road vs. own the road
• Historical data indicates that the SVBIED threat to US Soldiers is extremely low; they normally
target civilians.
• SVBIEDs are almost always driven by a single driver.
• Almost all Iraqis killed during vehicle EOFs have had no evidence of AIF activity.
• Always maintain audible and visual signals; maintain standoff equipment such as wire, cones,
and spike strips; use tracers for warning shots; array weapon systems at halts to be able to
disable threats on main avenues of approach; rehearse fire control measures and EOF actions
UNCLASSIFIED
25
26. UNCLASSIFIED
―March Madness‖
• •
Government of Iraq move to reclaim OPLAW required to rewrite ROE
Basrah from Shia (Ja’ish al Mahdi)
• New threat to US Forces (IRAM)
• Coordinated Shia uprising in Basrah and
– required us to develop new
in Baghdad (Sadr City and Shula)
EOF tools
– Rocket attacks on the IZ and US
bases
• Precision targeting required
– Attempts to overrun Iraqi security
legal review
check points and SOI volunteers
• Use of Iraqis as spotters for US
• MND-B response
targeting
– Sadr City Wall
– Precision targeting of high level JAM • Use of certain weapons in urban
inside Sadr City
environment
– Iraqi lead with US support
• Targeting constraints
• Result
•
– Flight of most JAM leadership Targeting of clinics/hospitals
– Death of approximately 1000 JAM being used by JAM
fighters
– Sadr City returned to government
control for first time since 2003
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=qGpqXDbkp-M
UNCLASSIFIED
27
27. UNCLASSIFIED
―March Madness‖ Legal Question
• Situation
– Insurgents use open fields in urban areas to fire rockets and
mortars at the Green Zone and US Bases
– Because of possible errors in radar acquisitions and risk of
collateral damage can US Forces target open areas near POO
sites
• Offset Targeting Terminology
– Point of Origin (POO)
– Point of Impact (POI)
– Target Acquisition Radar
– Counter Fire
– Artillery 155mm Howitzer
– Target Location Error (TLE)
UNCLASSIFIED
28
28. UNCLASSIFIED
June 2008 – December 2008
• Shia flight and Sunni regroup
• Rule of Law
• SOI Transition/Elections
UNCLASSIFIED
29
29. UNCLASSIFIED
Non-Lethal Operations
• Reconciliation • Fiscal Law
Considerations
– SOI Transition
• Ensure that Human
• Psychological
rights and LOAC
Operations
obeyed
• Future Planning
• Part of the planning
– Expansion
team – legal
– Re-Deployment
troubleshoot
UNCLASSIFIED
30
30. UNCLASSIFIED
Rule of Law
• Joint Common Plan – Rule of Law Goals
– The public and private obligations of any person are known or readily determinable.
– Disputes regarding these obligations are resolved effectively and impartially, and only
by the state or by a method sanctioned by the state.
– The state complies with the law and its procedures.
– Persons are secure in their person and property, are free from illegal hard or threatened
harm, and violations of this security will be vindicated by the state.
– The state protects basic human rights.
– All persons rely on the existence of legal institutions and the content of laws and
regulations to conduct their daily lives and resolve disputes voluntarily.
• Iraqi Security Forces Detainees
– Tracking down detainee locations
– Getting them out of detention
• Iraqi Courts
– Central Criminal Court of Iraq
– Local Courts
– Judicial Security
UNCLASSIFIED
31
31. KEY
BAGHDAD ISF DETAINEE POPULATIONS
BOC TOTAL: 1735
Reported by BOC, IPS, MOD, and ICS as of 26 Oct 08 NAME (UNIT): CURRENT
NORMAL SURGE
UNCLASSIFIED/ FOUO POPULATION
1960 3317
RATED SURGE
CID 2: 5
ADHAMIYAH (42-11 IA): 0 CAPACITY CAPACITY
TAJI (34-9 IA): 0
KARKH AREA 100 100
85 108
COMMAND RUSAFA AREA
15 30
TOTAL: 1346 COMMAND
SADR CITY
TOTAL: 389
KADAMIYAH (22-6 IA): 44
940 2026 11 IA HQ: 271
745 941
120 120
250 450
2ND NP HQ: 696
RUSAFA –
OLD MOD: 0
430 900 XXX
CID TOTAL: 292
85 108
XXX XXX
MUTHANA
350 375
(M2): 200
AL MANSOUR (54-6 IA) 8
150 200
55 100
NP HQ:0
CID HQs: 262
125 150
CID 1: 25 150 175
100 100 9TH IA HQ -
382
RUSTAMIYAH (9 IA HQ): 118
250 382
ABU GHURAIB (24-6 IA): 313 E RASHID 250 325
EAST RASHID (7-2 NP): 12
120 306
25 50
WEST RASHID (5-2 NP): 15
W RASHID
30 60 The overall classification of this briefing is UNCLASSIFIED
Approved by: 4ID G2
SALMAN PAK (1-1 & 3-1 NP): 0
MAHMUDIYAH (17-6 IA): 58
CPT William A. Obringer
40 100
Chief, Operational Law
130 300
4th Infantry Division (Mechanized)
32
33. UNCLASSIFIED
Security Agreement
• UNSCR 1790 entered into effect 1 JAN 08 – last UNSCR
authorizing international forces in Iraq
• Security Agreement was supposed to be signed in July 2008 to
allow implementation
• Drafts leaked in June
• New Iraqi negotiating team in July
• Security Agreement signed late November
• Security Agreement implemented 1 JAN 09
– Article 4 allows for US Forces to assist the GOI to combat Al
Queda, terrorists, and outlaw groups
– Article 22 requires that all detainees captured be turned over
to Iraqi authorities within 24 hours
– Article 22 also requires that all detainees in US custody be
turned over to the GOI
UNCLASSIFIED
37
34. UNCLASSIFIED
Security Agreement Implementation
Company Commander Directives
Combined Operations
– All combat operations will be combined; ISF
in the lead with US forces in an advisory role Warrant Based Targeting
– Operations designed to detain an individual – All detentions require warrant
must have ISF, a warrant, and a detainee • Mentor partner units on conducting warrant
processing plan based detentions
– Conduct combined combat operations in – EXCEPTIONS: Witnessed crime, attack
against CF/ISF patrol individuals reasonably
accordance with Combined Operations Matrix
certain to have committed a criminal act, or
• Combat Operations – Offensive in nature self-defense
that seek the enemy – require full • All TSTs combined, require warrant, and
coordination and agreement as a must have a detainee processing plan
combined operation with GOI/ISF
Detentions
– Conduct CSS missions & non-essential
– Support Iraqi law in all matters
movement during off-peak hours
– Within 24 hours, turn over detainees to
– Conduct self-defense operations, as required competent Iraqi authority
– The 24-hour time period to hand over a
• C-IDF, C-IRAM, C-VBIED
detainee to a competent Iraqi authority starts
ROE at the time and point of detention
– Right to Self-Defense / EOF remains – Competent Iraqi authorities (BN, BDE, DIV
unchanged; the Right to Self-Defense will IA/NP CDR)
never be denied
– No US interrogations in GOI or ISF facilities
– Soldiers are always on duty
– US Soldiers and US Government Civilian
Employees…will not be detained
UNCLASSIFIED
38 1.3
ver
35. UNCLASSIFIED
Detention/Targeting – 1 January 2009
SA Article 22
1. No detention or arrest may be carried out by the United
Approved MNC-I Mission Statement
States Forces (except with respect to detention or arrest of
members of the force and civilian component) except through
MNC-I, ICW the GoI, conducts evidentiary based detainee
an Iraqi decision issued in accordance with Iraqi law and
pursuant to Article 4. operations that respects Iraqi sovereignty, promotes Iraqi rule of
2. In the event United States Forces detain or arrest persons law, and maintains pressure on threat networks IOT facilitate
as authorized by this Agreement or Iraqi law, such persons
sustainable security and stability in Iraq.
must be handed over to competent Iraqi authorities within 24
hours from the time of their detention or arrest.
3. The Iraqi authorities may request assistance from the
United States in detaining or arresting wanted individuals.
Approved MNC-I CDRs Intent
4. In full and effective coordination with the Government of
Iraq, upon entry into force of this Agreement, and unless
Purpose: Detain threat individuals IAW the proposed Security Agreement to
otherwise requested by the Government of Iraq pursuant to
facilitate a seamless transition to a post-UNSCR operating environment.
and in accordance with Article 4, all detainees in the custody
of the United States Forces shall be released in a safe and Key Tasks:
orderly manner. The United States Forces shall ensure that •Conduct detainee operations within the bounds of USG authority and
upon the effective date of this Agreement all appropriate respect of Iraqi law/sovereignty/Constitution
information regarding all detainee cases is provided to Iraqi
•Develop evidentiary-based methodology for detention operations
officials. The United States Forces shall, upon presentation of
•Continue to exploit high value detainees (HUMINT)
a valid Iraqi arrest warrant, turn over custody of the requested
•Work by, with, and thru Iraqi cops, courts, and corrections officials
detainee to appropriate Iraqi authorities. Appropriate Iraqi
•Develop habitual working relationships with local judicial and criminal
authorities shall work jointly with the United States Forces on
this mission during this temporary period. officials/leaders
5. United States Forces may not search houses or other real •Do not overburden Iraqi judicial and prison capacities
estate properties except by order of a judicial warrant except
End State: Those that pose a threat to the stability and security of Iraq
in the case of actual combat operations conducted pursuant to
detained in either GoI or US custody. HUMINT gathered. CFs conducting
Article 4 and in coordination with relevant Iraqi authorities.
detainee operations IAW Iraqi law, and with respect for Iraqi sovereignty,
while maintaining pressure on threat networks. Iraqi criminal & judicial
systems postured for sustained processing of threat individuals.
UNCLASSIFIED
39
36. UNCLASSIFIED
SIGINT vs. Warrant Comparison
CCCI/Karkh
Security
Intelligence Collection Collection of Admissible Evidence Detainee
MOJ Prison
Legal TIF
Intelligence Criminal
Actionable
Detain Review
Intel
Collection Detainee
To GOI System
Release
Collect intelligence with eye
toward admissible evidence and future prosecution
CF Criminal Case
CCCI/Karkh
Intelligence
Collection
24 Hour CF Evidence Investigative
Exploitation Release
Review by IJ Review Hearing
Actionable Intel &
Sufficient Evidence
ISF Criminal
CCCI/Rusafa
Detain
WARRANT Case
OPERATIONAL NEEDS
SOFA REQUIREMENTS
•Joint facility
•Detainees must be handed over to ISF within
•CF facility w/ ISF presence v ISF facility with TT
24 hours
•CF may detain if witness crime or have a like presence
•Continued interrogation of detainees
warrant for arrest
•Classification constraints to evidence sharing
•Joint Missions with ISF lead
•Access to Iraqi justice system
•Transfer of detainees from ISF to CF at
•Continued engagement with local courts at BCT
IPOC
level
•Refined training on standards and procedures
UNCLASSIFIED
40
38. UNCLASSIFIED
UA 1138: Abu Obringer
Offense(s) / Incident(s)
Shia
Fill this block with 5 Ws:
Sunni Who: Abu Obringer
What: Facilitator
AQI
When: Nov 07 to Present
BKH
Where: Abu Guraib, Ghaz
AAH Why:
USE
Detained
Evidence
Warrant Request Initiated Pressure the
Pursue
2 or more Network thru
•Physical Evidence: BATS/HIIDE
Warrant
Evidence Collection Quantity
Evidence
-Statements (Witness/Detainee)
1
-Biometric Lab Reports
•Statement: witness statements from Abu Schellack and
Attack
Abu Koon
-Pictures of Evidence Pass to BOC
0 Network
& INIS
thru HVIs
-Pictures of Evidence with Suspect
Not an HVI BCT HVI DIV HVI
Target Value
-Latent Fingerprints
•SIGINT: N/A
-Crime Scene Pictures
-Crime Scene Diagram
•Other:
Packet Translated
Completed
Packet to Iraqi Judge (IJ)
In Progress
Warrant Issued
Incomplete
Prosecution Packet
UNCLASSIFIED
42
39. UNCLASSIFIED
MND-B Soldier Rules –
How We Support the Security Agreement
• (U) The Security Agreement is a historic milestone. On 1 January 2009, our mission continues—no
change. We protect the Iraqi people with our Iraqi Security Force partners.
• (U) We always remain on duty and vigilant. We never relax our posture.
• (U) We respect Iraqi law and support Iraqi sovereignty.
• (U) We adapt our actions to change the ways we operate as a result of the Security Agreement:
(U) We conduct all combat operations combined with our Iraqi Security Force partners.
(U) We operate in accordance with our rules of engagement. Our rules of engagement continue
to empower us to act in self defense and in defense of the Iraqi people, and require us to intervene
as necessary to stop and report violations of the Law of Armed Conflict and Iraqi law.
(U) Within cities, we occupy joint security stations with our Iraqi Security Force partners.
(U) We limit non-mission essential military traffic to non-peak hours (1600-0800 HRS).
(U) We adjust certain flight routes over the city to minimize our visible signature. MEDEVAC
flights continue to take the most direct route to a medical treatment facility.
(U) We detain with a warrant issued by an appropriate Iraqi judge and with the knowledge of our
Iraqi Security Force partners. We retain the ability to detain or action without a warrant if an
individual is caught in the act of committing a crime or a terrorist act.
(U) Within 24 hours of detention, we must turnover detained individuals to a competent Iraqi
authority for disposition and abide by that disposition.
(U) Soldiers or US Government civilian employees will not be detained by Iraqi authorities. We
are always on duty and therefore under the jurisdiction of the United States.
• (U) We are American Soldiers and live by the Soldiers’ Creed.
UNCLASSIFIED
ver
43 1.1
40. UNCLASSIFIED
MND-B Guidance
• Ironhorse 6 Directives
– Conduct detentions within the spirit of the Security Agreement and with
full disclosure to the GoI
– Physically hand over detainee to competent Iraqi authority within 24
hours from the time and point of detention
– Maintain the MND-B detention facility at Liberty
– Establish two Division Interrogation Sites, one (1) at FOB Justice and
one (1) at FOB OLD MOD
• Division Guidance
– 100% combined detention operations
– Competent Iraqi Authority is a ISF BN CDR or above
– BCTs request access to detainees through MND-B G2 for interrogations
at one of the established Division Interrogation Sites
– BCTs may request a GoI to USF transfer for a period of 14 days
– New requirements for the TIF: Warrant/detention order and MFR of
Competent Iraqi Authority requesting CF to retain custody
UNCLASSIFIED
44