This document discusses the history and innovations of cars from their origins to modern times. It begins with Leonardo da Vinci's early designs in the 15th century and covers major developments like Karl Benz creating the first true automobile in 1885. Henry Ford later revolutionized production with the affordable Model T. Key additions over time included steel bodies, radios, automatic transmissions, air conditioning, seat belts, and advanced safety features like airbags. Gasoline powered most cars but electric and hybrid vehicles have grown in popularity recently. Companies like Tesla are leading innovations in electric car manufacturing and advanced driver assistance technologies. The future is predicted to see self-driving cars and greater electrification becoming more normal.

1. Mist International University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
INNOVATION OF CARS

2. Prepared by: YASMINE SAMEH HUSSIEN.
ID: 14-07578.
Group :( Monday lecture -10-12 pm).
Submitted to: DR AHMED HASSAN YAKOUT .
14 MARCH ,CAIRO, 2019.

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF FIGURES............................................................................................................................................................2
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................................1
Who invented the car?.........................................................................................................................................................1
What is a car?......................................................................................................................................................................1
History of the automobile.....................................................................................................................................................1
Early Automobiles ..................................................................................................................................................................2
Karl benz............................................................................................................................................................................2
Henry ford and model t......................................................................................................................................................3
Car additions...........................................................................................................................................................................3
Material of Construction.....................................................................................................................................................3
Radios.................................................................................................................................................................................3
Automatic Transmission...................................................................................................................................................4
The Jeep legend..................................................................................................................................................................4
Air Conditioning ...............................................................................................................................................................4
Electronic Fuel Injection ..................................................................................................................................................4
Seat Belts............................................................................................................................................................................5
Airbags...............................................................................................................................................................................5
Gasoline cars......................................................................................................................................................................5
Electric cars.......................................................................................................................................................................5
Tesla cars ...........................................................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................................................6
The future of cars................................................................................................................................................................6
References: .............................................................................................................................................................................7

4. TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Leonardo da Vinci was designs...............................................................................................................................1
Figure 2: karl benz...................................................................................................................................................................1
Figure 3: leonardo da vinci......................................................................................................................................................1
Figure 4: Old Engraving depicting the 1771 crash of Nicolas Joseph Cugnot’s steam-powered car into a stone wall..........2
Figure 5: karlz moel.................................................................................................................................................................2
Figure 6 : the t mode...............................................................................................................................................................3
Figure 7 : ford and model t .....................................................................................................................................................3
Figure 8: john and Horace dodge in 1914 dodge brothers touring cars.................................................................................3
Figure 9: advertisement to the radio......................................................................................................................................3
Figure 10: automatic transsion known as (simple direction selector )..................................................................................4
Figure 11: the first jeep for military purpose..........................................................................................................................4
Figure 12: first packward car with a.c.....................................................................................................................................4
+Figure 13 :Volkswagen -1600 ..............................................................................................................................................4
Figure 14: 2008 tesla model....................................................................................................................................................5
Figure 15:t he first Nissan EV, equipped with lead-batteries .................................................................................................5
Figure 16 : tesla model x.........................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 17: tesla logo................................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 18 : tesla model s .........................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 19 :tesla model 3..........................................................................................................................................................6

5. 1
Introduction:
Who invented the car?
The history of the automobile is very rich and dates back to the 15th century when Leonardo da Vinci was creating
designs and models for transport vehicles. There are many different types of automobiles - steam, electric, and
gasoline - as well as countless styles. Exactly who invented the automobile is a
matter of opinion. If we had to give credit to one inventor, it would probably be
Karl Benz from Germany. Many suggest that he created the first true automobile
in 1885/1886
What is a car?
An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which
also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run
primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed
principally for the transport of people rather than goods
History of the automobile
The history of the automobile begins as early as 1769, with the creation of steam engine automobiles capable
of human transport.
In 1806, the first cars powered by an internal combustion engine running on fuel gas appeared, which led to
the introduction in 1885 of the ubiquitous modern gasoline- or petrol-fueled internal combustion engine.
The year 1886 is regarded the year of birth of the modern automobile – with the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, by
German inventor Carl Benz.
Cars powered by electric power briefly appeared at the turn of the 20th century but largely disappeared from
use until the turn of the 21st century.
Figure 1: Leonardo da Vinci was
designs
Figure 3: leonardo da vinci
Figure 2: karl benz

6. 2
Early Automobiles
17th century – 18th century
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrated his steam dray, an experimental steam-driven artillery tractor, in 1770
and 177, Built first self-propelled car It went up to 2 miles per hour first one crashed into a brick wall it was
Made in France.
Karl benz
He was a German mechanical engineer designed and built the first practical automobile powered by an internal-
combustion engine. Invented his first car in1888 He designed it in 1885, Benz invented the first motorbike, His
wife test drove his first model Invented the first gas powered car Invented in Germany
Figure 4: Old Engraving depicting the 1771 crash of Nicolas Joseph Cugnot’s steam-powered car
into a stone wall
Figure 5: karlz moel

7. 3
Henry ford and model t
Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 to April 7, 1947) was an American automobile manufacturer who created the Model
T in 1908 and went on to develop the assembly line mode of production, which revolutionized the industry Model
T, automobile built by the Ford Motor Company from 1908 until 1927. The model T was created by Henry Ford
as practical, affordable transportation for the common man, it quickly became prized for its low cost, durability,
versatility, and ease of maintenance.
Car additions
Material of Construction
Around 1914, car bodies were made of steel automotive
manufacturer, Dodge, introduced their first vehicle to the
market on November 14, 1914, which featured what was
then a real novelty – an all steel body. Today, steel is used
for making most car bodies
Radios
in 1920's Radios are installed into cars As commercial
radio stations began appearing in the 1920s, the idea of
making music portable gained steam. Chevrolet was
the first to come up with an in-car radio, and it was
neither compact nor cheap
Figure 7 : ford and model t
Figure 6 : the t mode
Figure 8: john and Horace dodge in 1914 dodge brothers touring
cars
Figure 9: advertisement to the radio

8. 4
Automatic Transmission
In 1939, General Motors debuted “Hydra-Matic” – an automatic
transmission using hydraulic fluid, which allowed vehicle gears to
shift automatically during vehicle operation. This upgrade meant
drivers could quit manual gear shifting. This introduction has
remained one of the most important innovations in the history of the
automobile.
The Jeep legend
In June 1940, with World War II , the U.S. Army askef for bids from
135 automakers for a 1/4 ton "light exploring vehicle" tailored to Army
specifications. within a year's time they collectively produced the
template for the vehicle known worldwide as the "jeep". in November
1940, in the early days of World War II, it was designed for military
purposes only
Air Conditioning
According to Automobile Magazine, in-car air conditioners came
on the scene around 1940. The Packard was the first car to have it,
and by 1969 more than half the cars manufactured included A/C
units. Today, of all new cars are air-conditioned.
Electronic Fuel Injection
1966 was the year of the electronic fuel injection system. This milestone
meant better fuel delivery to the car engine and improved engine
efficiency and eliminated the need to pump your accelerator or pull a
choke knob to get fuel to the engine. The 1967 Volkswagen 1600 was the
first car to sport the new technology
Figure 10: automatic transsion known as (simple
direction selector )
Figure 11: the first jeep for military purpose
Figure 12: first packward car with a.c
+Figure 13 :Volkswagen -1600

9. 5
Seat Belts
Safety became a major focus in automobile manufacturing in 1968. Government standards required car
manufacturers to equip front seats with shoulder and lap seat belts and back seats with lap belts. The shoulder
and lap belts became standard in front and back seats over time.
Airbags
The installation of airbags in cars became a manufacturing main requirement for passenger cars due to a 1991
law, while major automotive manufacturers added air bags in the 1970s, the technology was improved and
widely accepted in the late 1990s.
Hybrids
While hybrid cars have a long history, these vehicles didn’t become a commercial success in America until the
late 1990s and early 2000s. Hybrid technology makes cars less dependent on gasoline and more
environmentally friendly are well-known for manufacturing award winning hybrid vehicles.
Gasoline cars
The gasoline engine has been reliable, practical, and fairly efficient since about 1900. It is easier to control than
a steam engine and less likely to burn or explode. A gasoline car can go much further on a tank of gasoline than
an electric car can go between battery charges. Gasoline engines have been improved by the use of computers,
fuel injectors, and other devices. But growing concern about chemicals that gasoline engines release into the air
(pollution) have led to new interest in clean, electric cars and cars that run on natural gas, a vapor that is
different from gasoline that do not pollute the air and improve sustainability and be more environmental
friendly even though most cars are now gasoline powered.
Electric cars
Gas prices have gone up, so a lot of people have switched to electric cars. They cut down on pollution, 133,000
electric cars have been manufactured since 2008. An electric car is a plug-in electric automobile that is
propelled by one or more electric motors, using energy typically stored in rechargeable batteries.
Since 2008, a renaissance in electric vehicle manufacturing occurred due to advances in batteries, concerns
about increasing oil prices, and the desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ,Several national and local
governments have established tax credits, aids, and other rewards to promote the introduction and adoption in
the mass market of new electric vehicles, often depending on battery size, their electric range and purchase
price .Charging an electric car can be done at a variety of charging stations, these charging stations can be
installed in both houses and public areas. The two all-time best selling electric cars, the Nissan Leaf and the
Tesla Model S
Figure 15:t he first Nissan EV, equipped with
lead-batteries Figure 14: 2008 tesla model

10. 6
Tesla cars
Tesla, Inc. is an American automotive and Energy Company based in California the Company specializes in
electric car manufacturing and, solar panel manufacturing. It operates multiple production and assembly plants,
Tesla sells the Model S, Model X and Model 3 vehicles, Powerwall and Power pack batteries, solar panels, solar
roof tiles, and some related products
CONCLUSION
The future of cars
Advanced Artificial intelligence will be in all cars the cars of today have basic software and interactive
technology in them already, but what will be in the future will be much more complicated than this.
Bluetooth, web access and connectivity to home technology will be the norm, not to mention Vehicle-to-vehicle
communication. Google’s Home and Amazon’s Alexa are already being implemented into cars, so it’s safe to
say there will no longer be the awkward lean in to make a voice command when driving.
Self-driving cars will be popularized, self-driving cars are the future. Every major car manufacturer knows this,
which is why they’re investing a lot of money into developing automation to not be left behind So Fortunately,
we can sleep soundly knowing that cars will be much safer in the next 10 years.
Safety is what the success of self-driving cars rides on. Dramatic advancements in driver-assist, predictive
technology, self-braking and lane-assist will mean that you will be in much safer hands .Electric cars will
become the norm ,Although 10 years from now, electric cars aren’t predicted to dominate the roads, they will
have established themselves as something familiar .
Figure 19: tesla logo
Figure 17 : tesla model s Figure 16 : tesla model x
Figure 18 :tesla model 3

11. 7
References:
1) https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/auto.html accessed 25-2-2019
2) https://blog.world-mysteries.com/science/127-years-of-modern-automobile-evolution/ accessed 25-2-
2019
3) https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karl-Benz accessed 25-2-2019
4)
5) https://www.biography.com/people/karl-benz-9208256 accessed : 29-2-2019
6) https://www.biography.com/people/henry-ford-9298747 29-2-2019
7) https://www.britannica.com/technology/Model-T
8) https://www.cebos.com/blog/milestones-automotive-manufacturing/ accessed: 29-2-2019
9) https://www.allpar.com/cars/dodge/dodge-cars.html accessed: 29-2-2019
10) https://blog.nationwide.com/car-radio-history/ 29-2-2019 accessed: 29-2-2019
11) https://www.kaiserwillys.com/about_willys_jeep_vehicles_history_specs accessed: 29-2-2019
12) https://www.bmmagazine.co.uk/business/the-future-of-cars-what-will-happen-in-the-next-10-years/
13) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIWQIDcR3Bs accessed: 29-2-2019
14) https://www.yahoo.com/news/bp/november-4-packard-offers-first-car-air-conditioner-132542726.html
accessed: 29-2-2019
15) https://www.jeep.com/history/1940s.html#quad accessed: 29-2-2019