What The Research Says - 2019

Editor's Notes

1. This presentation is based upon a review of the literature for 2018 concerning the value and importance of CTE.
2. Will there be enough? Each year as we begin to think about preparing this presentation we ask ourselves if there will be enough material to warrant a presentation. This year we collected a pile of articles and reports two feet high!  
3. Phi Delta Kappa
4. State policy information from “Forty-Nin States Enact 241 Policies to Support CTE, AdvanceCTE 1/25/18 Glendale and greater Phoenix statistics from “Glendale Looks to Help Fill Valley Workforce Shortage” in YourValley.net 1/10/19 Governor Ducey quote from his State of the State address 1/14/19
5. https://hechingerreport.org/special-reports/map-to-the-middle-class/ https://credentialengine.org/2018/04/05/press-release-counting-u-s-secondary-and-postsecondary-credentials-a-credential-engine-report/ https://www.edweek.org/ew/collections/schools-and-future-of-work/index.html https://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/how-other-half-learns-reorienting-education-system-fails-most-students-11419.html https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/learnandearn/ Career Readiness for All Students—Coalition of Career Development—unpublished https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/3pathways/ https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/5rules/ https://cew.georgetown.edu/states/oregon/ https://www.amazon.com/Once-Future-Worker-Renewal-America-ebook/dp/B079617VFZ https://www.amazon.com/Martians-Your-Classroom-Every-Learning/dp/1945167475   Hechinger Report’s Map the Middle Class was a project that explored what it takes to get to the middle class in an evolving economy. This is a particularly important question in light of deepening economic polarization.   How the Other Half Learns is my choice as an absolute must-read for 2018. The Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce was particularly prolific this year with no less than three major reports. My favorite: Balancing Work and Learning: Implications for low-income students.   And, of course, no list of stellar reads would be complete without Martians in the Classroom by Rachael Mann, et al.
6. Acteonline.org https://s3amazonaws.com/PCRN/uploads/Perkins RTC 2013-14pdf https://edexcellence.net/publications/career-and-technical-education-in-high-school-does-it-improve-student-outcomes National graduation rate: 79% in 2011, 80% in 2012 and 82% in 2013. Some suggest it is attributed to declining standards. Graduation rate in 1970 was 79%. Arkansas study is: Dougherty, Shaun M. Career and Technical Education in High School: Does it Improve Student Outcomes. Thomas Fordham Institute. April 2016    
7. Arizona Department of Education CTE data snapshots
8. http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2010/2010021.pdf http://www.doe.in.gov/sites/default/files/cte/2015-cte-data-analysis-report-final-6.23.2015.pdf There is much work to be done with regard to the impact of CTE on academic achievement. Some suggest that the fact that CTE gets kids to school every day may enable them to do better academically, but does CTE do more?
9. https://ctepolicywatch.acteonline.org/2017/02/data-driven-cte-postsecondary-enrollment-up.html U.S Department of Education, NCES, High School Transcript Study, 2009
10. Bureau of Labor Statistics December 2018 showed an unemployment rate of 3.9%. That rate rose to 4.0% in January 2019 due largely to government shutdown.
11. https://www.nationalskillscoalition.org/resources/publications/2017-middle-skills-fact-sheets/file/United-States-MiddleSkills.pdf  
12. Is the college degree outdated? How small-bite credentials may trump college learning. Laura Pappano. Higher Education. (Story also appears in the Atlantic) April 27, 2017. http://hechingerreport.org/college-degree-outdated/ U.S. Education Needs to Move Past Its “fixation on the Bachelor’s Degree.” Catherine Gewertz. Education Week. October 29, 2017 See the work of Skillful. Launched in 2016, Skillful seeks to facilitate a shift toward skills-based screening by mining extensive data on job, education experience and job-seekers gathered by LinkedIn and identifying the true skills needed for each position. https://www.wsj.com/articles/to-fill-jobs-in-a-tight-labor-market-employers-may-need-to-get-creative-1518616800
13. Some have interesting models like paying for them after the fact with a percentage of your income. MissionU takes 15% of your income for three years once they hit $50,000 20 community colleges are engaged in credentialing innovations through Right Signals Initiative, a pilot project to break up learning into smaller pieces that earn students “short term credentials.” https://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/media/k2/attachments/labor-market-returns-sub-baccalaureate-college-review.pdf
14. “All told, including the contributions of individual families and the government, Americans spend about $30,000 per student a year—nearly twice as much as the average developed country.” Of course, US students are more likely to live away from home and US colleges spend huge amounts on student-welfare services such as housing, meals, health care and transportation. Only the country of Luxembourg spends more per student..where tuition is nevertheless free. https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/5rules/ Student loan debt is now a whopping $1.5 trillion dollars with the average student debt in excess of $37,000 a situation that has crippled a generation we call Millennials    
15. https://cew.georgetown.edu/states/oregon/  
16. Employers Are Looking for Job Candidates in the Wrong Places in The Atlantic. December 25, 2017. https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2017/12/employers-are-looking-for-job-candidates-in-the-wrong-places/549080/ https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/talent-acquisition/pages/eliminating-degree-requirements-hiring-ibm-penguin.aspx Example: In 2015, almost 70% of job postings for production supervisors asked for a bachelor’s degree despite the fact that only 16% incumbent workers in this position possessed such.
17. https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2017/09/27/taking-a-long-look-at-schools-and.html
18. https://hechingerreport.org/the-number-of-public-school-students-could-fall-by-more-than-8-in-a-decade/ NCES shows an opposite trend. They believe enrollments will increase by 3%. It is believed they factored in higher levels of immigration than appear likely.
19. https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/learnandearn/ Summer Job Programs Aren’t Enough. Amy Merrick, Business, 8/3/18 Between 2014 and 2024, the number of working American aged 65 to 74 is expected to grow 4.5%. while those aged 16-24 is expected to shrink 1.4% according to BLS.
20. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2018/03/graying-america.html Between 2014 and 2024, the number of working American aged 65 to 74 is expected to grow 4.5%. while those aged 16-24 is expected to shrink 1.4% according to BLS. Companies Need Older Workers: Here is Why. Reuters. 6/21/18
21. https://www.dosomething.org/us/facts/11-facts-about-education-and-poverty-america
22. https://www.dosomething.org/us/facts/11-facts-about-education-and-poverty-america
23. https://cew.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Certificates.ExecutiveSummary.071712.pdf
24. https://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/how-other-half-learns-reorienting-education-system-fails-most-students-11419.html “After half a century of intensive reform efforts, only 36% of Americans aged 25 to 29 have earned a bachelor’s degree—add in an associate degrees, and the total still reaches only 46%. The share attaining a BA by age 25 has not risen for two generations.”
25. https://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/how-other-half-learns-reorienting-education-system-fails-most-students-11419.html
26. https://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/how-other-half-learns-reorienting-education-system-fails-most-students-11419.html
27. https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/learnandearn/
28. https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/learnandearn/
29. https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/learnandearn/
30. https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/learnandearn/
31. CTE Delivery System. West-mec.org