The document contains several mathematics problems and examples, including: - A problem about transferring 64 gold disks of decreasing sizes between three poles according to rules where larger disks cannot be placed on smaller ones. Solving this Tower of Hanoi problem would take a very long time assuming each move takes 1 second. - An example problem about finding the area of a triangle given the areas of similar triangles. - Guidance for teaching mathematics techniques, emphasizing using real-world problems, connecting to students' knowledge, and taking time to progress from informal to formal reasoning.