Islam is defined as a divine religion revealed by Allah to humanity through the prophet Muhammad. Islamic teachings are found in the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet, which provide guidance for Muslims. The document discusses the history of Islam from local to global spread, and three phases of its transformation: 1) pre-Islamic Arab society, 2) leadership after the prophet's death under Khulafa'ar Rasyidin, 3) developing a civilization of science, art, and technology across regions such as Baghdad, Andalusia, and Egypt.