Hey there, jewelry lovers! Ever wondered how to keep your sparkly pieces in tip-top shape? This presentation’s got you covered with all the juicy details on the key properties and care methods for popular jewelry materials. Let’s dive in! First up, precious metals. Gold is a classic choice, available in yellow, white, and red. It’s durable and can be worn every day. Platinum is super rare and hypoallergenic, making it perfect for sensitive skin. Silver is affordable and versatile, but it can tarnish, so keep it polished! Then there’s jade. Hetian jade is the cream of the crop, known for its smooth texture and rich history. It comes in various colors, from pure white to vibrant green. Fun fact: white nephrite is super rare and highly valued. Care tip: keep it away from heat and clean it gently. Gemstones are another story. Diamonds are forever, right? Well, they’re also super hard and can handle a lot, but they need a good clean now and then. Rubies and sapphires are colorful and tough, but avoid harsh chemicals. Tourmalines come in a rainbow of colors and need a bit of extra care to keep them looking their best. Don’t forget organic gems! Pearls are delicate and need to be stored separately to avoid scratches. Amber is fossilized tree resin and can have cool inclusions like bugs or plants. It’s soft, so handle with care. So, whether you’re a jewelry store owner, a designer, or just someone who loves to wear beautiful pieces, knowing how to care for your jewelry can make all the difference. Keep your gems shining and your metals gleaming!

1. What Are The Key Properties And Care Methods For
Popular Jewelry Materials
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2. 1.Precious Metals
Common Jade Stones
2.
CONTENTS
3.Common Gemstones
Common Organic Gemstones
4.

3. 01
Precious Metals

4. Gold
Physical Properties
Gold is a dense, malleable, and ductile
yellow metal with high thermal and
electrical conductivity, characterized by
low Mohs hardness.
Chemical Properties
Gold (Au) is highly stable and corrosion-
resistant, insoluble in most acids but
soluble in aqua regia, and forms an
amalgam with mercury.
Classification
Gold jewelry is classified by purity (in
Karats), ranging from 9K to 24K, and
includes variations like 3D hard gold and
18K gold alloys for enhanced properties
and color.
Care & Maintenance
Gold jewelry requires careful
maintenance to avoid chemical
discoloration, abrasive damage, and
should be cleaned with mild solutions and
stored separately.
Gold Bracelet
Gold Hair Crown
Pure gold pendant
Pure gold bracelet
Yellow, white, and red K gold
bracelets
(Provided by Yuehao Jewelry)

5. Platinum
Physical Properties
Platinum is a dense, silvery-white metal
with high malleability, excellent
conductivity, and a significantly higher
melting point and hardness than gold.
Chemical Properties
Platinum (Pt) is a highly stable and
corrosion-resistant metal, insoluble in
common acids and bases but soluble in
aqua regia, ensuring it is tarnish-resistant.
Classification
Platinum jewelry is hallmarked based on
its millesimal fineness (e.g., Pt950, Pt900),
denoting the parts per thousand of pure
platinum, and does not use the Karat
system.
Care & Maintenance
To preserve its finish, platinum jewelry
should be protected from scratches,
periodically cleaned with a mild solution,
and can be re-polished by a professional
to restore its luster.
Platinum Bracelet (Provided by Yuehao Jewelry)

6. Silver
Physical Properties
Silver is a soft, malleable, white metal with
high ductility and a Mohs hardness slightly
higher than gold.
Chemical Properties
Silver (Ag) is relatively stable but reactive
among precious metals, dissolving in
certain acids and tarnishing to form silver
sulfide when exposed to atmospheric
sulfur.
Classification
Silver jewelry is classified by fineness, such
as Sterling (≥990‰) and 925 Silver, and
includes variants like Thai Silver and
Tibetan Silver with distinct finishes and
compositions.
Care & Maintenance
Silver jewelry requires proper storage in
sealed bags and specific cleaning methods
to prevent and remove sulfide-induced
tarnishing.
Silver bangle Silver pendant Silver bracelet
Silver bracelet after oxidizing and turning black

7. Palladium
Physical Properties
Palladium is a white, lustrous metal with
good ductility, a hardness higher than
platinum, and a significantly lower
density.
Chemical Properties
Palladium (Pd) is corrosion-resistant but
is soluble in strong acids like sulfuric
and nitric acid, unlike the more inert
platinum.
Care & Maintenance
Palladium jewelry requires separate
storage to avoid scratches and should be
cleaned regularly, with professional
polishing to restore its finish if needed.

8. 02
Common Jade Stones

9. Jadeite
Jadeite Bean Pod Pendant Jadeite Blessing Melon
Charm
Jadeite Guanyin Bodhisattva Stat
Cultural Themes
Jadeite carvings predominantly feature culturally significant motifs like
Guanyin, Buddha, Pi Huan Kou and Bracelet (Common jadeite bracelet styles
include the perfectly round Fu Tiao, the flat-oval Fei Tiao, and the flat-inner-
circle Ping An Tiao.) symbolizing protection, blessing, and auspiciousness in
traditional Chinese culture.
Quality Assessment
Jadeite quality is primarily evaluated by its
color saturation/vividness,
clarity/transparency, and the
fineness/consistency of its texture or
"base."
Care & Maintenance
Jadeite requires protection from high
temperatures, chemical corrosion, and
physical impact to preserve its luster and
structural integrity.

10. Hetian Jade
Colour Characteristics Legend
White Jade
White nephrite, of which the best is sheepskin white (like
congealed grease), is unique to Hetian jade. The quantity of
white nephrite is very small and its value is very high. Most of
the Hetian white jade is general white jade, but white jade
should be white and warm, if white but not moist, it is dead
white, not the best jade.
White jade
A soft jade that lies between white jade and green jade,
resembling white but not white, and resembling green but not
green. This name was used by the ancients.
Greenish white
jade
Traditionally, green jade is dark green with grey or green with
black, and is the hardest of the nephrite, but not as beautiful in
colour as white jade, and of lower value than white jade.
Jasper
Green to dark green nephrite, sometimes black spots can be
seen, its green parrot green, pine green, ginkgo nut green. Good
jasper colour like jade, ancient women often jasper for
headdress, ‘jasper hairpin’ story is an example.
Introduction to Hetian Jade
 Hetian jade, the finest
nephrite sourced primarily
from Xinjiang, China, is
renowned for its greasy
luster, warm feel, and
deep cultural significance
dating back to the
Neolithic era.

11. Hetian Jade
Colour Characteristics Legend
Topaz
Pale yellow, sweet yellow to yellow flashing green nephrite,
also known as beeswax yellow, chestnut yellow, okra yellow,
yellow flower yellow, egg yellow, beige yellow, yellow poplar
yellow, etc., rare for the steamed corn yellow, beeswax yellow.
Topaz is generally lighter in colour, bright yellow, and
extremely rare in its richness. High-quality topaz is not inferior
to white goat's fat, but it is not the ‘yellow jade’ or ‘topaz
crystal’ of gemstones.
Nephrite
It is grey to black, coloured by graphite, with no less than 30%
black, and its luster is duller than that of other jades. Its black
distribution is either dotted, cloudy or pure black, with names
such as dark cloud flake, light ink, golden sable beard, lady's
sideburns, pure lacquer black, etc., mixed with green or even
white, of which the black of nephrite is caused by microscopic
scale-like graphite.
Sugar Jade
Blood-red, red-sugar-red, purple-red, and maroon nephrite, of
which blood-red sugar-red nephrite is the best, is mostly
subordinate to white and green nephrite.
Emerald Green
Jade
Part or the whole of the colour tone is light green or emerald
green, the percentage of green part is not less than 5%,
common green and white, green and white and smoky green
and other colour combinations.
Introduction to Hetian Jade
 Hetian jade requires
protection from heat and
dehydration, should be
gently cleaned with a soft
brush and mild detergent,
and must be safeguarded
from impacts to prevent
internal damage.

12. 03
Common Gemstones

13. Diamond
Origin & Rarity
Diamonds form under extreme conditions;
their rarity is underscored by the immense ore
volume required for a single carat, with famous
rough stones like the Cullinan yielding multiple
polished gems after meticulous cutting.
Grading (4Cs)
Diamond quality is systematically evaluated by
the 4Cs: Carat weight, Clarity (inclusion
visibility), Color (graded from colorless to
tinted), and Cut (proportions and finish that
maximize brilliance and fire).
Care & Maintenance
Due to their hardness and oleophilic nature,
diamonds require separate storage to prevent
scratching other gems, along with regular
cleaning to maintain brilliance and periodic
prong checks to ensure security.
Diamonds of Different Colors Diamonds of various cuts

14. Diamond
Hope Blue Diamond Cullinan No. 1
Changlin Diamond (the largest natural diamond currently in China)
A Soviet mine rich in diamond deposits Rough diamonds
High-Quality Cut Ordinary Cut Poor Cut

15. Ruby
Pigeon Blood Ruby
Faceted Ruby Star Ruby
Symbolism & Lore
Ruby, the July birthstone, is historically
revered as the "Stone of Love,"
symbolizing passion and possessing a rich
lore of protection and power.
Rarity & Grading
Ruby value is primarily determined by
color saturation and purity, with large,
high-quality gemstones being
exceptionally rare due to low geological
yield.
Gemological Properties
As a corundum variety, ruby is
distinguished by its red color, exceptional
hardness (9 on the Mohs scale), and rare,
highly-valued "pigeon's blood" hue.
Cut & Carat
Rubies are commonly faceted in oval and
round brilliant cuts to maximize their
color and brilliance, with value increasing
significantly with carat weight due to
scarcity in larger sizes.

16. Sapphire
Gemological Family
Sapphire is a gem-quality variety of the
corundum species, encompassing all
colors except red (which is ruby), with blue
being the most prevalent.
Rarity & Treatments
While more abundant than ruby, large,
high-quality sapphires are rare, and heat
treatment is a common and accepted
practice to enhance color, though it
affects value relative to untreated stones.
Color Varieties & Value
The value of a sapphire is predominantly
determined by its color, with highly
saturated hues like "cornflower blue,"
"royal blue," and the rare "padparadscha"
orange-pink commanding significant
premiums.
Care & Maintenance
Due to their high hardness (9 on the
Mohs scale) and potential cleavage,
sapphires require separate storage from
other gems and protection from sharp
impacts.
Cornflower blue sapphire Royal blue sapphire
Pink-orange lotus and Padparadscha
Sapphires of Various Colors

17. Tourmaline
Gemological Properties
Tourmaline is a complex crystalline boron
silicate mineral valued for its wide
pleochroic color range and pyroelectric
properties. The world’s 50%~70% colored
tourmaline comes from Brazil.
Clarity & Treatments
Most tourmaline contains characteristic
inclusions; high-clarity specimens are
rare, and resin-filling is a common
treatment for fissured material to
improve durability.
Color Varieties & Value
Value is primarily determined by color,
with rare, copper-bearing "Paraiba"
tourmaline at the premium end, followed
by saturated reds, while bicolor varieties
like "watermelon" are also prized.
Care & Maintenance
Due to its brittleness and potential
cleavage, tourmaline requires protection
from impacts, sharp temperature
changes, and should not be cleaned in
ultrasonic cleaners.
Various Colors of Tourmaline
Paraiba tourmaline
Bicolor Tourmaline
High-quality tourmaline Tourmaline with many fissures
and filled with colored resin

18. 04
Common Organic Gemstones

19. Pearl
Origin & Types
Pearls are primarily cultured and
categorized by water type (saltwater vs.
freshwater), with key varieties including
Akoya, South Sea, and Tahitian pearls.
Quality Factors
Pearl quality is graded based on the
primary factors of luster, nacre
thickness, surface cleanliness, shape
(roundness), size, and color/overtone.
Care & Maintenance
As organic gems composed of calcium
carbonate, pearls require protection
from chemicals, abrasion, and
dehydration, and need periodic
restringing and careful storage.

20. Pearl
Pearls of Various Colors
Pearls of Various Sizes
The roundness of pearls
The luster of pearls
Pearls with Flaws

21. Amber
Amber with Plant Debris Beeswax Cherry amber
Insect-inclusion amber Blue amber
Origin & Formation
Amber is a fossilized organic resin, primarily sourced from the Baltic
region and Myanmar, valued for its inclusions of ancient flora and fauna.
Classification & Varieties
Amber is categorized by transparency (transparent amber vs. opaque
beeswax) and prized varieties like cherry, blue (fluorescent), and insect-
inclusion amber.
Care & Maintenance
As a soft, organic gem, amber requires protection from abrasion, high
temperatures, and chemicals, and can be gently cleaned with warm
water and occasionally oiled to maintain luster.

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