wellbeing-5th.pptx

CONCEPT OF WELLBEING
and
HEDONIC
TREADMILL(hedonic
adaptation)
By : prepared by Associate prof. Dr Khushhal
Farooqi
2023

1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 2

Health is a “state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity” What is meant by wellbeing?????
THE STATE OF FEELING HEALTHY AND HAPPY
Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary ©
• Wellbeing is often characterized by feelings of
contentment ‫قناعت‬, fulfillment ‫بشپړتیا‬, and
satisfaction‫رضایت‬.
• It is influenced by numerous factors such as personal
circumstances, relationships, lifestyle choices, and
environment.

Well-Being Concepts
How is well-being defined?
While there is no single definition of well-being, most experts
agree that it encompasses at least the following key components
• The presence of positive emotions and moods (e.g., contentment‫رضايت‬,
happiness),
• The absence of negative emotions (e.g., depression, anxiety),
• Satisfaction with life,
• Fulfilment and positive functioning.
Overall, well-being is about living a satisfying and fulfilling life, both
personally and socially.
Content source: National Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion , Division of Population Health

Why is well-being useful for public health?
Research across different study designs shows that well-being is linked to
various factors. These may include “
1. Self-perceived health.
2. Longevity.
3. Healthy behaviors.
4. Mental and physical illness.
5. Social connectedness.
6. Productivity.
• Well-being can be used as a metric to compare the effects of different
policies, such as the impact of loss of greenspace versus commercial
development.
• There is evidence that suggests that living near and/or maintaining regular contact with nature is
beneficial for a range of health and well-being outcomes¹.

What are some correlates of individual-level well-being?
.1
Genes and Personality
:
‫په‬
‫انفرادي‬
‫کچه‬
،
‫ارثی‬
‫عوامل‬
،
‫شخصیت‬
،
‫او‬
‫ډیموګرافیک‬
‫عوامل‬
‫د‬
‫هوساینې‬
‫سره‬
‫تړاو‬
‫لري‬
(a
.
‫د‬
‫مثال‬
‫په‬
‫توګه‬
،
‫مثبت‬
‫احساسات‬
‫تر‬
‫یوې‬
‫کچې‬
‫ارثی‬
‫دي‬
،
‫یعنی‬
‫ممکن‬
‫د‬
‫احساساتو‬
(
‫لکه‬
‫خوښۍ‬
‫او‬
‫خپګان‬
)
‫لپاره‬
‫د‬
‫جینیکي‬
‫پلو‬
‫ه‬
‫ټاکل‬
‫شوي‬
‫اندازه‬
(
genetically determined set-point
)
‫شتون‬
‫ولری‬
.
•
‫په‬
‫هرصورت‬
،
‫دا‬
genetically determined set-point
‫چارپیريالی‬
‫فکتورونو‬
‫لخوا‬
‫اغیزمن‬
‫کیږي‬
.
(b
Demographic
:
‫طبی‬
‫څیړنو‬
‫موندلې‬
‫چې‬
well-being
‫د‬
‫ژوند‬
‫د‬ ‫انه‬
‫پیښو‬
‫سره‬
‫حساسه‬
‫ده‬
(
‫د‬
‫بیلګې‬
‫په‬
‫توګه‬
،
‫بیکارۍ‬
،
‫واده‬
)
،
(c
‫د‬
‫شخصیت‬
‫ځینې‬
‫فکتورونه‬
‫چې‬
‫په‬
‫کلکه‬
‫د‬
‫سره‬
‫تړاو‬
‫لري‬
:
‫له‬ ‫دی‬ ‫عبارت‬
:
۱
-
‫خوشبیني‬
(
optimism
)
،
۲
-
‫بیرون‬
‫ګرایی‬
(
extroversion
)
،
‫او‬
۳
-
‫ځان‬
‫ته‬
‫درناوي‬
(
self-esteem
)
‫څخه‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫عزت‬ ‫یا‬
.
Five main personality traits (OCEAN)
- Openness to experience
- Conscientiousness
- Extraversion
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism

What are some correlates of individual-level well-being?
.2
Age and Gender
(
‫جنس‬ ‫او‬ ‫عمر‬
)
•
‫او‬ ‫عمر‬
‫جنسیت‬
‫د‬ ‫هم‬
‫لري‬ ‫تړاو‬ ‫سره‬
.
‫په‬
‫عمومی‬
،‫ډول‬
‫د‬ ‫ښځینه‬ ‫او‬ ‫نارینه‬
‫لري‬ ‫شان‬ ‫یو‬ ‫کچه‬
‫د‬ ‫بڼه‬ ‫دا‬ ‫مګر‬ ،
‫ع‬
‫مر‬
‫بدلېږي‬ ‫سره‬
‫د‬ ‫او‬
‫په‬ ‫وخت‬
‫تیریدو‬
‫بدلون‬ ‫سره‬
‫موندلی‬
.
•
‫د‬ ‫مخې‬ ‫له‬ ‫عمر‬ ‫د‬
U-shaped distribution
‫لري‬ ‫شتون‬
–
• The U-shaped distribution of well-being due to age refers to a phenomenon whereby well-
being is highest in early adulthood, declines in middle age, and then improves again in
later life.
3. Income and Work
4. Relationships

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WELLNESS AND WELLBEING
Wellness and wellbeing are not the same thing. Wellbeing refers to a more
holistic whole-of-life experience, whereas wellness refers just to physical
health.

Each of these elements is important in contributing to overall wellbeing, and they are all interconnected.

Human wellbeing
•
‫د‬
‫عامی‬
‫نظره‬ ‫له‬ ‫روغتیا‬
:
Human wellbeing
‫په‬ ‫چې‬ ‫ده‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫هغه‬
‫کې‬ ‫نړۍ‬ ‫ټوله‬
‫هرڅوک‬
‫د‬
‫جغرافی‬
‫ې‬
،
‫عم‬
،‫ر‬
‫کلت‬
،‫ور‬
‫مذه‬
‫یا‬ ‫ب‬
‫چاپیریال‬ ‫سیاسي‬
‫کو‬ ‫ژوند‬ ‫ښه‬ ‫د‬ ،‫پرته‬ ‫نیولو‬ ‫کې‬ ‫پام‬ ‫په‬
‫لري‬ ‫هیله‬ ‫لو‬
.
•
‫چې‬ ‫ده‬ ‫نه‬ ‫اړینه‬
Human wellbeing
‫په‬
‫عاید‬
‫بلکې‬ ،‫وي‬ ‫محدوده‬ ‫پورې‬
‫دی‬ ‫احساسات‬ ‫او‬ ‫تفکر‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫یو‬ ‫د‬
‫یي‬ ‫اړه‬ ‫په‬ ‫ژوند‬ ‫د‬ ‫چی‬
‫لری‬
،
‫مادي‬ ‫د‬
‫شتمنیو‬
‫څخه‬
‫راضي‬
‫وي‬
‫او‬ ،
‫رسیدو‬ ‫د‬ ‫ته‬ ‫اهدافو‬ ‫خپلو‬ ‫دوی‬ ‫چې‬ ‫ولري‬ ‫اړیکې‬ ‫داسې‬
‫توان‬
‫کوی‬ ‫برخه‬ ‫په‬ ‫ور‬
.
What affects human wellbeing?: Human factors that affect wellbeing include things like
• Population size
• Business and trade
• Historical events
• War and Conflict ,
• Social fragmentation,
• Inequality ,
• Poverty , malnourishment as well as
• Access to resources.
Human well-being: concept and measurement (book)
In some places, long periods of stability have allowed for
great improvements in living conditions.

Well-being is associated with numerous health-, job-, family-, and economically-related
BENEFITS.
For example, higher levels of well-being are associated with:
۩ -Decreased risk of Disease, Illness, and Injury;
۩ -Better Immune Functioning;
۩ -Speedier Recovery; and
۩ -Increased longevity.
• Individuals with high levels of well-being are more productive at work and are
more likely to contribute to their communities.

Approaches to measuring well-being
Objective and subjective.
• The objective approach examines the objective components of a good life, such as
income, health, education, and living conditions².
• The subjective approach, on the other hand, examines people's subjective evaluations
of their lives, such as their emotions, life satisfaction, and overall happiness¹.
• The Objective Components are:
-Standard of living (WHO)
- Level of living (UN)
• The Subjective Component is “quality of life”

Standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a
certain socioeconomic class or geographic area. generally applied to a society or location, rather
than to an individual.
Standard of living
There are several indices that measure standard of living.
1. One such index is the Human Development Index
(HDI), which is a summary measure of average
achievement in key dimensions of human
development: a long and healthy life, being
knowledgeable and having a decent
standard of living.
2. Another index is Numbeo’s Quality of Life Index,
which measures eight indices:
1. Purchasing power (including rent),
2. Safety,
3. Health care,
4. Cost of living,
5. Property price to income ratio,
6. Traffic commute time,
7. Pollution, and
8. Climate
Mnemonic: “Please Stop Hesitating, Come Play Tennis
Perfectly Calm”.

Classification of society into socioeconomic classes
‫نوټ‬
:
‫دا‬
‫طبقه‬
‫بندي‬
‫ثابته‬
‫نه‬
‫ده‬
‫او‬
‫کیدای‬
‫شي‬
‫د‬
‫ډیری‬
‫فکتورونو‬
‫لکه‬
‫جغرافیائی‬
‫موقعیت‬
،
‫کلتور‬
،
‫او‬
‫اقتص‬
‫ادي‬
‫شرایطو‬
‫پر‬
‫بنسټ‬
‫توپیر‬
‫ولري‬
.
‫برسیره‬
‫پردې‬
،
‫په‬
‫افراد‬
‫کی‬ ‫و‬
‫د‬
‫وخت‬
‫په‬
‫تیریدو‬
‫سره‬
‫د‬
‫دوی‬
‫په‬
‫شرایطو‬
‫کې‬
‫د‬
‫بدلونونو‬
‫پراساس‬
‫د‬
‫ټولګیو‬
‫ت‬
‫رمنځ‬
‫ځای‬
‫بدلیدالی‬
‫شی‬
.

Decent Living Standards (DLS) refer to a set of universal, essential, and
irreducible material conditions required for achieving basic human well-being.
Decent Living Standards (DLS)
Key components of Decent Living Standards:

Quality of Life (QOL)
Definition : QOL is defined by the World Health
Organization as
"an individual's perception of their
position in life in the context of the
culture and value systems in which
they live and in relation to their
goals, expectations, standards and
concerns".
It is a broad concept that encompasses a wide
range of factors that contribute to an individual's
overall enjoyment of life and general well-being.

Conclusion
• Standard of Living is regarded as important
because it contributes to the quality of life of a
person.
• Quality of life is all about how a person feels
about their life, whereas the standard of living
is all about comfort, material possessions,
wealth and so on.

HEDONIC TREADMILL (hedonic adaptation)
Origins
Hedonic adaption was developed in 1971. Scientists found that lottery winners were not
happier than those who did not win. Also, those who could not walk were not much less
happy than those who could.
Newer studies show the same. For example, a 15-year-long study shows that married people in
Germany were much happier after marriage, but only for a short period of time. By the
second year, their happiness was the same as before they got married.
These studies show that it may not be possible to increase happiness for a long period of
time.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/hedonic-treadmill

HEDONIC TREADMILL…
The hedonic treadmill is the idea that an individual's level of happiness ( emotional well-
being), after rising or falling in response to positive or negative life events, ultimately tends to
move back toward where it was prior to these experiences.
One's baseline level of well-being, or "set point," is not necessarily emotionally neutral—it is
likely positive for most people—and it is not the same for everyone.
A person may also have different baselines for different aspects of well-being (overall life
satisfaction versus the amount of positive emotions experienced, for example).
The process by which positive or negative effects on happiness fade over time is
called hedonic adaptation .

The hedonic treadmill can be a double-edged sword, offering protection from the impact of
harmful environments while constraining potential gains in happiness over the long term.
• such that eventually, their level of happiness returns back to where it started, or at least
closer to the baseline than immediately after the event.
• Scientists thought that happiness returns to a neutral point: where a person is not happy
nor sad. However, new studies show that most people are happy most of the time.
• Most studies show that people usually adapt to good events quickly and
completely. Their happiness returns to exactly where it was before the event soon
after the it happens. However, some strong or long-lasting bad events, such as losing
a job or partner, result in less adaptation. Happiness may not completely return to its
point before the event. In some situations, it may decrease.

Treadmill effect
Good events make people happy
in the moment. But not for long.
People look for other things to stay
happy. People get used to them
too. This treadmill effect means
that the more a person gets, the
more they want. This makes
staying happy hard.

HEDONIC TREADMILL

POSSIBLE METHODS TO GET OFF THE TREADMILL
Do-it-yourself (DIY) happiness, or rely on others?
As long as the job(s) gets done then either approach is fine but if you are looking to increase your happiness,
wellbeing and life-satisfaction unfortunately, your only option is to do-it-yourself!
Develop your Gratitude habit.
• Happiness in the past
If you look backwards to find happy memories and experiences, you may be cheating yourself out of the
happiness you could be appreciating NOW!
• Happiness in the Future
If you look forward and anticipate happy memories and experiences in the future, you may be cheating
yourself out of the happiness you could be appreciating NOW!
• Happiness from others
Whilst it is natural to enjoy these things, if you are reliant upon them for your happiness you may be
cheating yourself out of the happiness you could be appreciating NOW!

POSSIBLE METHODS TO GET OFF THE TREADMILL…
Gratitude …
• Happiness as a goal
If you believe that happiness is something that can be captured and kept at a
constant level for long periods of time you may be cheating yourself out of the
happiness you could be appreciating NOW! Set meaningful goals.
• Happiness NOW!
When you understand the biological and neurological elements of positive
emotions you will understand how to optimize your experience of them and
understand why happiness can only ever be felt NOW!
o Happiness DIY expert
o Put more effort in your
relationships.
• Happiness in the real world
It’s neither appropriate or realistic to feel happy all the time and some people will
always face more challenges than others.
o Develop a more optimistic nature

wellbeing-5th.pptx

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