Welding consumables for STAINELESS STEEL

2. St
e
e
l
a
l
l
o
yt
y
p
e Ke
yn
o
t
e
sf
o
r
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
F
CA
W SMA
W
Pr
o
d
u
c
t
n
a
me A
WSc
l
a
s
s
. Pr
o
d
u
c
t
n
a
me A
WSc
l
a
s
s
.
3
0
4 Ge
n
e
r
a
l [
P]
DW-
3
0
8 E3
0
8
T
0
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NC-
3
8 E3
0
8
-
1
6
[
P]
DW-
3
0
8
P E3
0
8
T
1
-
1
/
-
4
3
0
4
H Hi
g
ht
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
eo
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n [
P]
DW-
3
0
8
H E3
0
8
HT
1
-
1
/
-
4(
Bi
-
f
r
e
e
) [
P]
NC-
3
8
H E3
0
8
H-
1
6
L
o
wc
a
r
b
o
n(
0
.
0
4
%ma
x
.
)
Ge
n
e
r
a
l [
P]
DW-
3
0
8
L E3
0
8
L
T
0
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NC-
3
8
L E3
0
8
L
-
1
6
[
P]
DW-
3
0
8
LP E3
0
8
L
T
1
-
1
/
-
4
[
P]
DW-
3
0
8
LH E3
0
8
L
T
1
-
1
/
-
4(
Bi
-
f
r
e
e
)
3
0
4
,
3
0
4
LGa
u
g
ep
l
a
t
e [
P]
DW-
T3
0
8
L E3
0
8
L
T
0
-
1
/
-
4 −
−
− −
−
−
3
0
4
,
3
0
4
L L
o
wCr
(
VI
)
i
nf
u
me [
P]
DW-
3
0
8
L-
XR E3
0
8
L
T
0
-
1
/
-
4 −
−
− −
−
−
[
P]
DW-
3
0
8
LP-
XR E3
0
8
L
T
1
-
1
/
-
4
Cr
y
o
g
e
n
i
ct
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e(
2
7
Jmi
n
.
/
−
1
9
6
°
C) [
P]
DW-
3
0
8
L
TP E3
0
8
L
T
1
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NC-
3
8
L
T E3
0
8
L
-
1
6
[
P]
DW-
3
0
8
L
T E3
0
8
L
T
0
-
1
/
-
4
T
I
Gr
o
df
o
r
r
o
o
t
p
a
s
swe
l
d
i
n
g
wi
t
h
o
u
t
b
a
c
kp
u
r
g
i
n
gg
a
s
−
−
− −
−
− −
−
− −
−
−
Ge
n
e
r
a
l [
P]
DW-
3
1
6
L E3
1
6
L
T
0
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NC-
3
6 E3
1
6
-
1
6
[
P]
DW-
3
1
6
LP E3
1
6
L
T
1
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NC-
3
6
L E3
1
6
L
-
1
6
[
P]
DW-
3
1
6
H E3
1
6
L
T
1
-
1
/
-
4(
Bi
-
f
r
e
e
)
Ga
u
g
ep
l
a
t
e [
P]
DW-
T3
1
6
L E3
1
6
L
T
0
-
1
/
-
4 −
−
− −
−
−
L
o
wCr
(
VI
)
i
nf
u
me [
P]
DW-
3
1
6
L-
XR E3
1
6
L
T
0
-
1
/
-
4 −
−
− −
−
−
[
P]
DW-
3
1
6
LP-
XR E3
1
6
L
T
1
-
1
/
-
4
3
1
6
,
3
1
6
L Hi
g
ht
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
eo
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n [
P]
DW-
3
1
6
H E3
1
6
T
1
-
1
/
-
4(
Bi
-
f
r
e
e
) −
−
− −
−
−
Cr
y
o
g
e
n
i
ct
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
(
2
7
Jmi
n
.
/
−
1
9
6
°
C)
(
3
1
6
L
)
[
P]
DW-
3
1
6
L
T E3
1
6
L
T
1
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NC-
3
6
L
T E3
1
6
L
-
1
6
3
1
6
LMo
d
.
Ur
e
a(
l
o
wf
e
r
r
i
t
ec
o
n
t
e
n
t
) −
−
− −
−
− [
P]
NC-
3
1
6
MF −
−
−
T
I
Gr
o
df
o
r
r
o
o
t
p
a
s
swe
l
d
i
n
g
wi
t
h
o
u
t
b
a
c
kp
u
r
g
i
n
gg
a
s
−
−
− −
−
− −
−
− −
−
−
Ge
n
e
r
a
l [
P]
DW-
3
0
9
L E3
0
9
L
T
0
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NC-
3
9 E3
0
9
-
1
6
[
P]
DW-
3
0
9
LP E3
0
9
L
T
1
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NC-
3
9
L E3
0
9
L
-
1
6
[
P]
DW-
3
0
9
LH E3
0
9
L
T
1
-
1
/
-
4(
Bi
-
f
r
e
e
)
Di
s
s
i
mi
l
a
r
me
t
a
l
a
n
do
v
e
r
l
a
y
we
l
d
i
n
g
Ga
u
g
ep
l
a
t
e [
P]
DW-
T3
0
9
L E3
0
9
L
T
0
-
1
/
-
4 −
−
−
L
o
wCr
(
VI
)
i
nf
u
me [
P]
DW-
3
0
9
L-
XR E3
0
9
L
T
0
-
1
/
-
4 −
−
−
[
P]
DW-
3
0
9
LP-
XR E3
0
9
L
T
1
-
1
/
-
4
T
I
Gr
o
df
o
r
r
o
o
t
p
a
s
swe
l
d
i
n
gwi
t
h
o
u
t
b
a
c
kp
u
r
g
i
n
gg
a
s −
−
− −
−
− −
−
− −
−
−
Ge
n
e
r
a
l [
P]
DW-
3
0
9
MoL E3
0
9
L
Mo
T
0
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NC-
3
9
MoL E3
0
9
L
Mo
-
1
6
[
P]
DW-
3
0
9
MoLP E3
0
9
L
Mo
T
1
-
1
/
-
4
Hi
g
hf
e
r
r
i
t
ec
o
n
t
e
n
t [
P]
DW-
3
1
2 E3
1
2
T
0
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NC-
3
2 E3
1
2
-
1
6
3
1
0
,
3
1
0
S Ge
n
e
r
a
l [
P]
DW-
3
1
0 E3
1
0
T
0
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NC-
3
0 E3
1
0
-
1
6
Ge
n
e
r
a
l [
P]
DW-
3
4
7 E3
4
7
T
0
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NC-
3
7 E3
4
7
-
1
6
3
2
1
,
3
4
7 Hi
g
ht
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
eo
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n [
P]
DW-
3
4
7
H E3
4
7
T
1
-
1
/
-
4(
Bi
-
f
r
e
e
) −
−
− −
−
−
L
o
wc
a
r
b
o
n [
P]
DW-
3
4
7
LH E3
4
7
T
1
-
1
/
-
4(
Bi
-
f
r
e
e
) [
P]
NC-
3
7
L E3
4
7
L
-
1
6
T
I
Gr
o
df
o
r
r
o
o
t
p
a
s
swe
l
d
i
n
gwi
t
h
o
u
t
b
a
c
kp
u
r
g
i
n
gg
a
s −
−
− −
−
− −
−
− −
−
−
Ge
n
e
r
a
l [
P]
DW-
3
1
7
L E3
1
7
L
T
0
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NC-
3
1
7
L E3
1
7
L
-
1
6
3
1
7
L [
P]
DW-
3
1
7
LP E3
1
7
L
T
1
-
1
/
-
4
[
P]
DW-
3
1
7
LH E3
1
7
L
T
1
-
1
/
-
4(
Bi
-
f
r
e
e
)
L
e
a
nd
u
p
l
e
x(
AST
MS3
2
1
0
1
,
S3
2
3
0
4
) [
P]
DW-
2
3
0
7 E2
3
0
7
T
1
-
1
/
-
4 −
−
− −
−
−
Du
p
l
e
xs
t
a
i
n
l
e
s
s
s
t
e
e
l
St
a
n
d
a
r
dd
u
p
l
e
x(
AST
MS3
1
8
0
3
,
S3
2
2
0
5
) [
P]
DW-
2
2
0
9 E2
2
0
9
T
1
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NC-
2
2
0
9 E2
2
0
9
-
1
6
[
P]
DW-
3
2
9
AP E2
2
0
9
T
1
-
1
/
-
4
T
I
Gr
o
df
o
r
r
o
o
t
p
a
s
swe
l
d
i
n
gwi
t
h
o
u
t
b
a
c
kp
u
r
g
i
n
gg
a
s [
P]
TG-
X2
2
0
9 −
−
− −
−
− −
−
−
Su
p
e
r
d
u
p
l
e
x(
AST
MS3
2
7
5
0
,
S3
2
7
6
0
) [
P]
DW-
2
5
9
4 E2
5
9
4
T
1
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NC-
2
5
9
4 E2
5
9
4
-
1
6
4
1
0 Ge
n
e
r
a
l −
−
− −
−
− [
P]
CR-
4
0 E4
1
0
-
1
6
1
3
Cr
-
4
Ni Ma
r
t
e
n
s
i
t
i
cs
t
a
i
n
l
e
s
ss
t
e
e
l
f
o
r
h
y
d
r
ot
u
r
b
i
n
e [
P]
DW-
4
1
0
Ni
Mo E4
1
0
Ni
Mo
T
1
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
CR-
4
1
0
NM E4
1
0
Ni
Mo
-
1
6
[
P]
MX-
A4
1
0
Ni
Mo EC4
1
0
Ni
Mo
F
e
r
r
i
t
i
c1
3
Cr
-
Nb [
P]
DW-
4
1
0
Cb E4
0
9
Nb
T
0
-
1 [
P]
CR-
4
0
Cb E4
0
9
Nb
-
1
6
4
0
5
,
4
0
9 Bu
f
f
e
r
l
a
y
e
r
f
o
r
1
3
Cr
o
v
e
r
l
a
ywe
l
d
i
n
g [
P]
DW-
4
3
0
CbS E4
3
0
Nb
T
0
-
1 [
P]
CR-
4
3
Cb E4
3
0
Nb
-
1
6
[
P]
CR-
4
3
CbS −
−
−
4
3
0 1
7
Cr
-
Nbf
o
r
c
a
r
e
x
h
a
u
s
t
s
y
s
t
e
m [
P]
MX-
A4
3
0
M −
−
− −
−
− −
−
−
Al
l
o
y6
2
5a
n
d8
2
5
Ov
e
r
l
a
ywe
l
d
i
n
g
d
i
s
s
i
mi
l
a
r
j
o
i
n
t [
P]
DW-
N6
2
5 ENi
Cr
Mo
3
T
1
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NI
-
C6
2
5 −
−
−
Ni
a
l
l
o
y Cl
a
d
d
i
n
ga
n
dg
i
r
t
hwe
l
d
i
n
go
f
c
l
a
dp
i
p
e(
5
G,
6
G) [
P]
DW-
N6
2
5
P ENi
Cr
Mo
3
T
1
-
1
/
-
4 [
P]
NI
-
C6
2
5 −
−
−
Al
l
o
y6
0
0a
n
d8
0
0
Di
s
s
i
mi
l
a
r
j
o
i
n
t [
P]
DW-
N8
2 ENi
Cr
3
T
0
-
4 [
P]
NI
-
C7
0
A ENi
Cr
F
e
-
1
Al
l
o
yC2
7
6 [
P]
DW-
NC2
7
6 ENi
Cr
Mo
4
T
1
-
4 −
−
− −
−
−
L
NGs
t
o
r
a
g
et
a
n
k [
P]
DW-
N7
0
S −
−
− [
P]
NI
-
C7
0
S ENi
Cr
F
e
-
9
9
%Ni [
P]
DW-
N7
0
9
SP ENi
Mo
1
3
T
1
-
4
/
T
0
-
1 [
P]
NI
-
C1
S ENi
Mo
-
8
[
P]
DW-
N6
2
5 ENi
Cr
Mo
3
T
1
-
1
/
-
4
(
1
)
[
P]
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
t
e
sPREMI
ARCT
M
1

3. GT
A
W
St
e
e
l
a
l
l
o
yt
y
p
e Ke
yn
o
t
e
s
f
o
r
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
GMA
W SA
W
Pr
o
d
u
c
t
n
a
me A
WSc
l
a
s
s
. Pr
o
d
u
c
t
n
a
me A
WSc
l
a
s
s Pr
o
d
u
c
t
n
a
me A
WSc
l
a
s
s
(
wi
r
e
)
[
P]
TG-
S3
0
8 ER3
0
8 3
0
4 Ge
n
e
r
a
l [
P]
MG-
S3
0
8 ER3
0
8 [
P]
PF-
S1/
[
P]
US-
3
0
8 ER3
0
8
−
−
− −
−
− 3
0
4
L Ge
n
e
r
a
l [
P]
MG-
S3
0
8
LS ER3
0
8
L
Si [
P]
PF-
S1/
[
P]
US-
3
0
8
L ER3
0
8
L
[
P]
TG-
S3
0
8
L ER3
0
8
L
Ge
n
e
r
a
l [
P]
MG-
S3
1
6
LS ER3
1
6
L
S [
P]
PF-
S1
M/
[
P]
US-
3
1
6
(
Si
n
g
l
ep
a
s
s
)
ER3
1
6
−
−
− −
−
− [
P]
PF-
S1/
[
P]
US-
3
1
6
(
Mu
l
t
i
p
a
s
s
)
ER3
1
6
−
−
− −
−
− 3
1
6
,
3
1
6
L [
P]
PF-
S1
M/
[
P]
US-
3
1
6
L
(
Si
n
g
l
ep
a
s
s
)
ER3
1
6
L
[
P]
TG-
S3
0
8
L ER3
0
8
L
[
P]
PF-
S1/
[
P]
US-
3
1
6
L
(
Mu
l
t
i
p
a
s
s
)
ER3
1
6
L
[
P]
TG-
X3
0
8
L R3
0
8
L
T
1
-
5
[
P]
TG-
S3
1
6 ER3
1
6 Di
s
s
i
mi
l
a
r
me
t
a
l
a
n
do
v
e
r
l
a
y
we
l
d
i
n
g
[
P]
TG-
S3
1
6
L ER3
1
6
L Ge
n
e
r
a
l [
P]
MG-
S3
0
9 ER3
0
9 −
−
− −
−
−
−
−
− −
−
−
−
−
− −
−
− 3
2
1
,
3
4
7 Ge
n
e
r
a
l [
P]
MG-
S3
4
7
S ER3
4
7
Si [
P]
PF-
S1/
[
P]
US-
3
4
7 ER3
4
7
−
−
− −
−
− 3
1
7
L Ge
n
e
r
a
l −
−
− −
−
− [
P]
PF-
S1/
[
P]
US-
3
1
7
L ER3
1
7
L
[
P]
TG-
S3
1
6
L ER3
1
6
L
Du
p
l
e
xs
t
a
i
n
l
e
s
s
s
t
e
e
l
St
a
n
d
a
r
dd
u
p
l
e
x
(
AST
MS3
1
8
0
3
,
S3
2
2
0
5
)
−
−
− −
−
− [
P]
PF-
S1
D/
[
P]
US-
2
2
0
9 ER2
2
0
9
[
P]
NO4
0
5
1 −
−
−
[
P]
TG-
S3
1
0
MF −
−
−
[
P]
TG-
X3
1
6
L R3
1
6
L
T
1
-
5 4
1
0 Ge
n
e
r
a
l [
P]
MG-
S4
1
0 ER4
1
0 −
−
− −
−
−
[
P]
TG-
S3
0
9 ER3
0
9 L
NGs
t
o
r
a
g
et
a
n
k −
−
− −
−
− [
P]
PF-
N4/
[
P]
US-
7
0
9
S
(
Ho
r
i
z
o
n
t
a
l
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
)
ERNi
Mo
-
8
[
P]
TG-
S3
0
9
L ER3
0
9
L
9
%Ni [
P]
PF-
N3/
[
P]
US-
7
0
9
S
(
F
l
a
t
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
)
ERNi
Mo
-
8
−
−
− −
−
−
−
−
− −
−
−
[
P]
TG-
X3
0
9
L R3
0
9
L
T
1
-
5
−
−
− −
−
−
−
−
− −
−
−
[
P]
TG-
S3
1
0 ER3
1
0
[
P]
TG-
S3
4
7 ER3
4
7
−
−
− −
−
−
[
P]
TG-
S3
4
7
L ER3
4
7
L
[
P]
TG-
X3
4
7 R3
4
7
T
1
-
5
[
P]
TG-
S3
1
7
L ER3
1
7
L
−
−
− −
−
−
[
P]
TG-
S2
2
0
9 ER2
2
0
9
[
P]
TG-
X2
2
0
9 −
−
−
[
P]
TG-
S2
5
9
4 ER2
5
9
4
[
P]
TG-
S4
1
0 ER4
1
0
−
−
− −
−
−
[
P]
TG-
S4
1
0
Cb −
−
−
−
−
− −
−
−
−
−
− −
−
−
[
P]
TG-
S6
2
5 ERNi
Cr
Mo
-
3
−
−
− −
−
−
[
P]
TG-
S7
0
NCb ERNi
Cr
-
3
−
−
− −
−
−
[
P]
TG-
S7
0
9
S ERNi
Mo
-
8
1
.
T
h
ef
e
r
r
i
t
en
u
mb
e
r
so
r
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
ei
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
db
yF
N,
F
NWo
r
F
Si
nt
h
i
sb
r
o
c
h
u
r
ea
r
e
:
F
N:
f
e
r
r
i
t
en
u
mb
e
r
b
yDe
L
o
n
gDi
a
g
r
a
m
F
NW:
f
e
r
r
i
t
en
u
mb
e
r
b
yWRC(
We
l
d
i
n
gRe
s
e
a
r
c
hCo
u
n
c
i
l
)
Di
a
g
r
a
m-
1
9
9
2
F
S:
f
e
r
r
i
t
ep
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
eb
ySc
h
a
e
f
f
l
e
r
Di
a
g
r
a
m
2
.
I
n
c
o
n
e
l
i
st
h
et
r
a
d
e
ma
r
ko
f
Sp
e
c
i
a
l
Me
t
a
l
sCo
r
p
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
Ha
s
t
e
l
l
o
y
,
t
h
et
r
a
d
e
ma
r
ko
f
Ha
y
n
e
sI
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
,
I
n
c
.
a
n
dSUPER3
0
4
H,
t
h
et
r
a
d
e
ma
r
ko
f
Ni
p
p
o
nSt
e
e
l
Su
mi
t
o
moMe
t
a
l
Co
r
p
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
3
.
Ab
b
r
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
sa
n
dma
r
k
s
(
1
)
A
WS:
Ame
r
i
c
a
nWe
l
d
i
n
gSo
c
i
e
t
y
(
2
)
We
l
d
i
n
gp
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
s
F
:
f
l
a
t
HF
:
h
o
r
i
z
o
n
t
a
l
f
i
l
l
e
t
VU:
v
e
r
t
i
c
a
l
u
p
wa
r
do
r
v
e
r
t
i
c
a
l
u
p
h
i
l
l
(
3
)
We
l
d
i
n
gp
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
F
CA
W:
F
l
u
xCo
r
e
dAr
cWe
l
d
i
n
g
SMA
W:
Sh
i
e
l
d
e
dMe
t
a
l
Ar
cWe
l
d
i
n
g
GT
A
W:
Ga
sT
u
n
g
s
t
e
nAr
cWe
l
d
i
n
g
GMA
W:
Ga
sMe
t
a
l
Ar
cWe
l
d
i
n
g
SA
W:
Su
b
me
r
g
e
dAr
cWe
l
d
i
n
g
ESW:
El
e
c
t
r
o
s
l
a
gWe
l
d
i
n
g
(
4
)
F
CW:
F
l
u
xCo
r
e
dWi
r
e
2

4. (A) Austenite
(A) Austenite
(M) Martensite
(M) Martensite
(M)+(F)
(M)+(F)
(A)+(M)+(F)
(A)+(M)+(F)
(A)+(F)
(A)+(F)
Ferrite
content
Ferrite
content
0%
0%
5%
5%
10%
10%
20%
20%
40%
40%
80%
80%
100%
100%
(F) Ferrite
(F) Ferrite
Cr eq.=%Cr+%Mo+1.5×%Si+0.5×%Nb
Ni
eq.=%Ni+30×%C+0.5×%Mn
(A)+(M)
(A)+(M)
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 ２ ４ ６ ８ 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
:E308L, :E316L, :E309L
0
0
5 10 15 20 25 30
5
10
15
20
25
30
Ferrite content by Schaefller’s Diagram (%)
Ferrite
content
by
Ferritescope
(%)
:E308L, :E316L, :E309L
Measured position by Ferritescope
Open mark : WM surface
Solid mark : Cross section of WM
WM : weld metal
Austenitic stainless steel welding consumables
for general use
(Types 308L, 316L and 309L)
Ba
s
eme
t
a
l T
y
p
e F
CA
W
(
A
WSA5
.
2
2
)
SMA
W
(
A
WSA
5
.
4
)
GT
A
W
(
A
WSA5
.
9
)
3
0
4
,
3
0
4
L
3
0
8
L
(
2
0
Cr
-
1
0
Ni
)
DW-
3
0
8
L
DW-
3
0
8
LP
(
E3
0
8
L
T
)
NC-
3
8
L
(
E3
0
8
L
-
1
6
)
TG-
S3
0
8
L
(
ER3
0
8
L
)
3
1
6
,
3
1
6
L
3
1
6
L
(
1
8
Cr
-
1
2
Ni
-
2
.
5
Mo
)
DW-
3
1
6
L
DW-
3
1
6
LP
(
E3
1
6
L
T
)
NC-
3
6
L
(
E3
1
6
L
-
1
6
)
TG-
S3
1
6
L
(
ER3
1
6
L
)
Ca
r
b
o
ns
t
e
e
l
/
3
0
4
L
(
Ca
r
b
o
ns
t
e
e
l
/
3
0
4
)
3
0
9
L
(
2
4
Cr
-
1
2
Ni
)
DW-
3
0
9
L
DW-
3
0
9
LP
(
E3
0
9
L
T
)
NC-
3
9
L
(
E3
0
9
L
-
1
6
)
TG-
S3
0
9
L
(
ER3
0
9
L
)
T
a
b
l
e1
:
Au
s
t
e
n
i
t
i
cs
t
a
i
n
l
e
s
ss
t
e
e
l
we
l
d
i
n
gc
o
n
s
u
ma
b
l
e
s
1
.
Ge
ne
r
a
l
T
h
ea
u
s
t
e
n
i
t
i
cs
t
a
i
n
l
e
s
ss
t
e
e
l
we
l
d
i
n
gc
o
n
s
u
ma
b
l
e
sa
r
e
t
y
p
i
c
a
l
l
yo
ft
h
e3
0
8L
,3
1
6L a
n
d 3
0
9L t
y
p
e
s
.
T
y
p
e3
0
8
Li
su
s
e
df
o
rwe
l
d
i
n
g3
0
4o
r3
0
4
Ls
t
a
i
n
l
e
s
s
s
t
e
e
l
s
.
T
y
p
e3
1
6
Li
sf
o
rwe
l
d
i
n
g3
1
6
Ls
t
a
i
n
l
e
s
ss
t
e
e
l
,
wh
i
l
et
y
p
e3
0
9
Li
sf
o
rwe
l
d
i
n
gd
i
s
s
i
mi
l
a
rme
t
a
l
s
,
u
n
d
e
r
-
l
a
y
i
n
go
nf
e
r
r
i
t
i
cs
t
e
e
l
so
r
b
u
f
f
e
r
-
l
a
y
i
n
go
nc
l
a
d
s
t
e
e
l
s
(
T
a
b
l
e1
)
.
Au
s
t
e
n
i
t
i
c s
t
a
i
n
l
e
s
s s
t
e
e
l
s h
a
v
e a s
i
n
g
l
e p
h
a
s
e
a
u
s
t
e
n
i
t
i
cs
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
ed
u
et
oh
e
a
tt
r
e
a
t
me
n
td
u
r
i
n
gt
h
e
s
t
e
e
l
ma
k
i
n
gp
r
o
c
e
s
s
,wh
i
l
ea
u
s
t
e
n
i
t
i
cs
t
a
i
n
l
e
s
ss
t
e
e
l
we
l
d
i
n
gc
o
n
s
u
ma
b
l
e
sc
o
n
t
a
i
n5t
o1
5
% f
e
r
r
i
t
et
o
p
r
e
v
e
n
t h
o
t c
r
a
c
k
i
n
g d
u
r
i
n
g we
l
d
i
n
g
. T
y
p
i
c
a
l
mi
c
r
o
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
s
o
f
b
o
t
h3
0
4
Ls
t
a
i
n
l
e
s
s
s
t
e
e
l
b
a
s
eme
t
a
l
a
n
dNC-
3
8
Lwe
l
dme
t
a
l
a
r
es
h
o
wni
nF
i
g
u
r
e
s
1a
n
d2
,
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
T
h
ef
e
r
r
i
t
ec
o
n
t
e
n
ti
nwe
l
dme
t
a
lc
a
nb
ec
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
f
r
o
mt
h
ec
h
e
mi
c
a
l
c
o
mp
o
s
i
t
i
o
no
f
we
l
dme
t
a
l
b
yu
s
i
n
g
S
c
h
a
e
f
f
l
e
r
,
DeL
o
n
go
r
WR
C-
1
9
9
2d
i
a
g
r
a
ms
.
Al
l
t
h
r
e
e
d
i
a
g
r
a
msp
l
o
tt
h
eNi
c
k
e
le
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
,ma
d
eu
po
f
a
u
s
t
e
n
i
t
ef
o
r
mi
n
ge
l
e
me
n
t
ss
u
c
ha
sC
,
Mn
,
Ni
a
n
dN,
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
t
h
eC
h
r
o
mi
u
me
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
,
wh
i
c
hr
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
f
e
r
r
i
t
ef
o
r
mi
n
ge
l
e
me
n
t
s
s
u
c
ha
s
C
r
,
Mo
,
S
i
a
n
dMn
,
i
n
t
h
ewe
l
dme
t
a
l
.
T
h
e S
c
h
a
e
f
f
l
e
r d
i
a
g
r
a
m (
F
i
g
u
r
e3
) c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
e
s
mi
c
r
o
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
swi
t
hNi
a
n
dC
re
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
si
nawi
d
e
r
a
n
g
e
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
i
t
c
a
ne
s
t
i
ma
t
ef
e
r
r
i
t
ec
o
n
t
e
n
t
a
swe
l
l
a
s
we
l
d
a
b
i
l
i
t
ya
n
dc
r
a
c
kr
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
ep
r
i
o
r
t
op
e
r
f
o
r
mi
n
g
d
i
s
s
i
mi
l
a
r
we
l
d
i
n
gb
e
t
we
e
ns
t
a
i
n
l
e
s
sa
n
dc
a
r
b
o
ns
t
e
e
l
.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
i
nt
h
ec
a
s
eo
f
we
l
dme
t
a
l
s
wi
t
hah
i
g
hf
e
r
r
i
t
e
mi
c
r
o
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
,
s
u
c
ha
s
E
3
0
9
L
,
t
h
eS
c
h
a
e
f
f
l
e
r
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
wi
l
l
t
e
n
dt
os
h
o
wal
a
r
g
e
r
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
nt
h
a
naF
e
r
i
t
s
c
o
p
e
,
a
s
s
h
o
wni
nF
i
g
u
r
e4
.
T
h
eDe
L
o
n
g d
i
a
g
r
a
m (
F
i
g
u
r
e5
)e
n
a
b
l
e
samo
r
e
p
r
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5. Cr eq.=%Cr+%Mo+1.5×%Si+0.5×%Nb
16
10
11
12
13
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15
16
17
18
19
20
21
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Ni
eq.=%Ni+30×%C+30×%N+0.5×%Mn
0%
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12.3%
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7.6%
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10.7%
10.7%
:E308L, :E316L, :E309L
Austenite
Austenite
Austenite
+
Martensite
Austenite
+
Martensite
Ferrite
content
Ferrite
content
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0
2
2
4
4
5
5
6
6
8
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16
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18
18
FN
FN
Austenite+Ferrite
Austenite+Ferrite
Cr eq.=%Cr+%Mo+0.7×%Nb
10
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16
18
Ni
eq.=%Ni+35×%C+20×%N+0.25×%Cu
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40
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30
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26
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:E308L, :E316L, :E309L
18
18
FA
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Carbon or low-alloy steel
Carbon or low-alloy weld
304 or 304L clad
E308 or E308L
weld metal
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4

6. Carbon or low-alloy
base metal
DW-309L
buffer layer
E308 or E308L
weld metal
308 or 304L
base metal
Welding Current (A)
D
W
w
i
r
e
0
.
9
m
m
Stick electrode 4.0mm
D
W
w
i
r
e
1
.
2
m
m
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W
w
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r
e
1
.
6
m
m
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IG
wire
1.6m
m
Deposition
Rate
(g/min)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 100 200 300 400
Arc
voltage
(V)
Welding Current (A)
40
36
32
28
24
20
50
DW wire, 0.9mm
(CO2)
DW wire, 1.6mm
(CO2)
DW wire, 1.2mm
(CO2)
MIG wire, 1.2mm
(Ar+2%O2)
100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Over-Head
Holizontal
Vertical Upward Vertical Downward
3
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5

7. Spatter
generation
(g/min.)
Other company’s
E308LT0 type
DW-308L
200A
Ar-25%CO2
250A
100%CO2
200A
100%CO2
150A
100%CO2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
DW-308L
Fumuemission
rate
(mg/min.)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Other company’s
E308LT0 type
100%CO2
Ar-25%CO2
Welding speed
40cm/min
30cm/min
Proper
dilution
for 1st
layer
20cm/min
30
20
10
150 200
Welding current (A)
Dilution
(%)
0
1.2mmΦ
Welding speed
40cm/min
30cm/min
20cm/min
Welding current (A)
Dilution
(%)
1.6mmΦ
40
30
20
200
10
0
Proper
dilution
for 1st
layer
250 300
4
.
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6

8. Strip overlay
Auto-GTAW overlay
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SMAW or FCAW
overlay
Base metal
Butt weld of shell
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Cavity
Arc
Molten slag
Solid slag
Weld
metal
Welding
direction
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Molten droplet
Base metal
Flux
Molten droplet
Molten droplet
Base metal
Weld pool
Weld pool
Weld
metal
Solid slag
Molten slag
Strip electrode
Welding
direction
Flux
2mm 2mm
Consumables for overlay welding of
pressure vessels
(Types 347 and 317L stainless steels)
1
.
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n
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t
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7

9. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
3
4
5
6
SAW process
(1150A-25V)
Proper dilution
for 1st layer
(SAW)
Proper dilution
for 1st layer
(ESW)
Welding speed (cm/min.)
Dilution
ratio
(%)
Weld
thickness
(mm)
ESW process
(1200A-26V)
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
5
0
10
15
20
25
t
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8

10. Welding standard, super and lean duplex
stainless steels:
AWS E(R)2209, E(R)2594 and E2307
Austenitic phase
Ferritic phase
Ph
o
t
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r
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1
0

12. Welding
direction
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14. Flat butt joint
Overhead butt joint
Overhead fillet joint
Horizontal fillet joint
Horizontal
butt
joint
Vertical
butt
joints
Bottom plate
Bottom plate
Top plate
Top plate
Longi-bulkhead
Longi-bulkhead
Longi-bulkhead
Longi-bulkhead
Trans-bulkhead
(a) Longitudinal bulkhead
(Stainless-clad butt joint)
(c) Bottom plate to
trans-bulkhead
(Stainless-clad to
stainless fillet joint)
(d) Bottom plate to
longi-bulkhead
(Stainless-clad to
stainless-clad fillet joint)
(e) Bottom plate to
bottom plate
(Stainless-clad to
carbon steel butt joint)
Stainless steel and weld metal
Carbon steel and weld metal
(b) Transverse bulkhead
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15. 60 deg.
⑤
④
Stainless steel
cladding metal
Carbon steel base metal Carbon steel weld metal
2.5
16
①
②
③
① ②
④
③
⑤ ⑦
⑧
⑥
Carbon
steel
Carbon
steel
: Carbon steel and weld metal
: Stainless steel and weld metal
317L steel
317L steel
Filler metal selection:
1. Buffer layer
④ and ⑤ : DW-309MoL
2.Final layer
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5

17. 1st layer 2nd layer 3rd layer
H-series stainless steel flux cored wires
for high-temperature applications
22 600
Temperature (°C)
Conventional 308
308FCW
Elongation
(%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
800
700 22 600
Temperature (°C)
Conventional 347
347FCW
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(%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
800
700
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18. 0.20
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308L
0
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1
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2
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316L 309L 308LP 316LP 309LP
XR siries
Conventional
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rate
(mg/min)
XR series:
Low Cr(VI) stainless steel flux cored wires
Others
16%
SiO2
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me A
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1
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19. T
h
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h
e
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t
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t
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t
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6
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c
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l
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a
r
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ors
a
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e
t
y
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t
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s
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t
h
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r
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nt
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k
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l
a
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e
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t
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t
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7
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3
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4
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0
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0
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3
F
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8
0
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2
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6
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1
2
T
S(
MPa
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5
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4
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4
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4
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4
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(
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1
8

20. 40
36
32
28
24
20
16
0 100 200 300
Arc
voltage
(V)
Welding current (A)
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of 0.9mmΦ
Conventional FCW of 1.2mmΦ
DW-T FCW of 1.2mmΦ
SUS304 : 9mmt
SUS304 : 6mmt
SUS304 : 3mmt
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Leg
length
(mm)
Welding speed (cm/min)
100A
130A
160A
T-series stainless steel flux cored wires for
sheet metal
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1
9

21. Nozzle
Wire end
DW-T308L
Conventional
FCW
100
80
60
40
20
0
Success
Ratio
(%)
100 150 200
Welding Current (A)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Welding Current (A)
Deposition
Rate
(g/min)
DW-T series FCW
1.2mm dia.
Conventional FCW
0.9mm dia.
Conventional FCW
1.2mm dia.
(
3
)Fa
i
l
u
r
e
-
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