This document is a comprehensive guide to web development, covering essential areas like client-side and server-side scripting, cybersecurity, and the various types of web developers, including front-end, back-end, and full-stack developers. It outlines the significance of websites, the growing demand for web development careers, and provides a step-by-step process for building a website, including planning, coding, and launching. Additionally, it sheds light on coding languages such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and the role of content management systems.

1. Welcome to
Getting Started with Website Development
Even though the term "web development" typically refers to web markup and coding, website
development encompasses all related development tasks, such as client-side scripting, server-side
scripting, server and network security configuration, ecommerce development, and content
management system (CMS) development.
In this video, we'll go over the principles of web programming, how to create a website and further
resources for people who want to learn more or pursue a career in development.
Continue reading or use the chapter links to traverse the manual to learn more about constructing
websites.
What makes web development crucial?
The Internet will always be around. In reality, it has developed into a global portal and the
primary tool for obtaining information, communicating, learning, and having fun. As of 2021,
4.66 billion individuals on the planet were online, or more than half.

2. The industry of web development is growing quickly, which is not surprising considering the
explosive growth of Internet users. Compared to most other technology professions, web
development jobs are expected to grow by 13% between now and 2030.
Learn about the advantages of utilizing CMS Hub to build an optimized website that connects to
the whole marketing suite and Hub Spot CRM data.
In the part that follows, we'll go over the principles of web development and provide solutions.
Web Development Basics
1. What is a website?
2. What is an IP address?
3. What does HTTP mean?
4. What is coding?
5. What does front-end mean?
6. What does back-end mean?
7. What is a CMS?
8. What is cyber security?
What exactly is a website?
Websites are made up of files that are kept on servers, which are machines that house (a fancy
way of saying ―keep files for‖) websites. These servers are linked to the Internet, a very large
network.
The computers used to access these websites are referred to as ―clients,‖ whereas browsers are
computer applications that load websites via your Internet connection, such as Google Chrome or
Internet Explorer.
2. What is an IP address?
You must be aware of a website’s Internet Protocol (IP) address in order to access it. A specific
set of numbers is an IP address. To differentiate itself from the billions of websites and devices
linked to the Internet, each device has an IP address.

3. IP address is a website like Site 24x7, Command Prompt on Windows, or Network Utility >
Trace route on MacBook’s can all be used to find a website’s IP address.
You may also enter ―what’s my IP address‖ into your search browser to get your device’s IP
address.
Although IP addresses can be used to visit websites, most Internet users prefer to use domain
names or search engines.
3. What does HTTP mean?
The remote server that hosts all website data is connected to through the Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP). A protocol is a set of guidelines that specifies how emails should be
transmitted over the Internet. You can navigate between websites and site pages with it.
When you enter a website address into your web browser or use a search engine, HTTP creates a
framework that allows the client (computer) and server to communicate with each other across
the Internet in the same language. It acts as a kind of translator between you and the Internet; it
reads your request for a website, reads the code the server sends back, and then translates it into a
webpage for you.
4. What is coding?
Writing code using programming languages for servers and applications is referred to as coding.
Because they contain vocabulary and grammatical rules for interacting with computers, they are
referred to as ―languages.‖ They also contain unique commands, acronyms, and punctuation that
can only be understood by specific tools and software.

4. At least one coding language is used to create all software, but languages differ according to
platform, operating system, and style There are two types of languages: front-end and back-end.
5. What does front-end mean?
The portion of a website or piece of software you see and use as soon as possible an Internet
user is called the front-end (also known as the client-side). Front-end coding languages enable a
to operate without constantly ―communicating‖ with the Internet when data is transmitted from a
server to a browser. Users can interact with a website and play movies, expand or decrease
photos, highlight text, and more thanks to front-end code. Client-side Website Development is
done by web developers that specialize in front-end code.
6. What does back-end mean?
When using the Internet, you don’t see the back-end (also known as the server-side). It is the
digital infrastructure, which appears to non-developers as a jumble of letters, numbers, and
symbols.
Front-end languages are less common than back-end programming languages. That’s because
servers may be set up to grasp virtually any language, whereas front-end browsers only
comprehend HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
7. What is a CMS?
A web application or collection of tools used to create and manage web content is known as a
content management system (CMS). (Note: site builders like Square space or Wax are not the
same as CMSs.)
Discover the benefits of using CMS Hub to create an optimized website that connects to your
Hub Spot CRM data and complete marketing suite.
Using a CMS simplifies the process even though it is not necessary to develop a website. It
offers the building elements (such as plugins and add-ons) and enables you to write the code to
build the framework. CMSs are helpful for all types of websites, although they are frequently
used for blogging and e-commerce.
8. What is Cyber Security?
Malicious actors are constantly searching for website flaws to steal data, leak sensitive
information, and crash servers. Protecting data, networks, and computers from these dangers is
the practice of cyber security.
Both the security mechanisms employed to thwart hackers and their techniques are continuously
changing. Failure to comprehend the potential targeting of your website could be disastrous.

5. Therefore, for efficient web development, having a fundamental awareness of cyber security best
practices is essential. Additionally, regular security audits should be performed.
Let’s now look at the many web development specialties a developer could have.
Types of Web Development
1. Front-end Development
2. Back-end Development
3. Full Stack Development
4. Website Development
5. Desktop Development
6. Mobile Development
7. Game Development
8. Embedded Development
9. Security Development
Understanding the many forms of web development that developers can learn is important
whether you’re trying to employ a web developer or want to become one.
These many forms of web development largely allude to the various fields of employment
available to web developers. Web developers frequently possess numerous forms of web
development expertise, and some of these distinctions overlap.
1. Front-end Development
The client- or user-facing side of websites, programs, and software, or in other words, what users
see, is the domain of front-end developers. They create the layout, navigation, graphics, and
other aesthetics as well as the visual elements.

6. These developers’ primary responsibility is to create user interfaces that assist users in achieving
their objectives, which is why they frequently contribute to the user experience part of their
projects.
2. Back-end Development
The back-end is what users do not see, according to the front-end. To ensure that everything
operates smoothly in the background, back-end web developers work on the servers that house
websites, programs, and software.
These programmers handle the code for security, content, and site architecture while working
with systems like servers, operating systems, APIs, and databases. To get their products in front
of users, they work with front-end developers.
3. Full Stack Development
Working on both the front end and back end of a website are full stack developers. They have the
ability to design an entire website, application, or piece of software. The term ―Stack‖ describes
the various technologies, such as the server, interface, etc., that manage various functionalities on
the same website.
This position is frequently sought after because full-stack developers need years in the industry
to accumulate the requisite experience. Their comprehensive understanding enables them to
improve performance, identify problems before they arise, and aid team members in
comprehending various components of a web service.
4. Website Development
Front-end, back-end, and full-stack engineers all work on websites. However, as opposed to
creating desktop programs, video games, or mobile applications, these experts focus on creating
websites.
5. Desktop Development
Building software programs that operate locally on your device rather than remotely in a web
browser is a specialty of desktop developers. If an application may be used both online and
offline, these developers’ skill sets occasionally overlap with those of web developers.
6. Mobile Development
For mobile devices like smartphones or tablets, mobile developers create applications. Mobile
applications require a unique set of development abilities and familiarity with specialized
programming languages because they function very differently from other websites and software
products.

7. 7. Game Development
Video game developers write code for console (Xbox, PlayStation, etc.), PC, and mobile games,
hence their field of expertise partially overlaps with that of mobile development.
8. Embedded Development
All gear that isn’t a computer—or, at least, not what most of us think of as a ―computer,‖ with a
keyboard and screen—is used by embedded developers. This includes digital interfaces,
consumer electronics, Internet of Things (IoT) gadgets, real-time systems, and more.
Embedded development is growing in popularity as the number of interconnected devices has
recently increased, as evidenced by smart appliances, Bluetooth technology, and virtual
assistants.
9. Security Development
The security of a piece of software or a website is established by security developers. As ethical
hackers, these developers often attempt to ―break‖ websites to reveal flaws without malicious
intent. They also create tools for identifying and eliminating security vulnerabilities.
Let’s start the web building process right away.
The Website Development Process
A website’s creation is not as simple as 1–2–3. Depending on the website’s type, programming
languages, and resources, each development path is unique.
The web development process is briefly described, along with the most popular programming
languages and content management system (CMS) choices, in the section that follows.
1. Form a plan
It’s crucial to engage with teams and staff members across your organization to build a plan for
your website before putting pen to paper or fingers to computer.
Before you create the initial draft of your website, think about the following:
 What is the goal of your website?
 Who is your audience, and what do you want them to do on your website?
 What type of website are you building? (e.g. basic informational, membership, online store)
 What content are you aiming to publish, and at what volume?
 What’s the purpose of this content?
 How will you structure your website for the best navigational experience?

8.  What’s your budget?
To define your goals and make wise selections, you must interact with your web development,
marketing, and financial teams when responding to the questions.
Simply put? Making a roadmap at the beginning of the process is far simpler than going back
and starting over when you hit a roadblock.
2. Create a wireframe
Every good website has a blueprint at the outset. A wireframe is what programmers refer to as. It
doesn’t have to be a formal document; it can simply be your site’s vision, which will give you
and your developer(s) guidance and a place to begin. You can use a tool like Invasion, Slick
plan, or Mind node, or you simply draw it on a whiteboard.
Creating a wireframe for a website
You can visualize where text and graphics will appear on individual webpages with the use of
wireframes. For a preview of how your material will appear on the front end, utilize empty boxes
and ―dummy text.‖ Create wireframes with your developer so that they can see what you have in
mind.
3. Draft up a sitemap
The next step is to construct a sitemap, which should not be confused with a sitemap. Search
engines can crawl and find your website with the aid of XML (an XML file). A sitemap gives a
developer the details they need to realize your vision, just as a business strategy reveals your
objectives and deliverables to potential investors. You can work with your developer or generate
your sitemap alone (s).
When designing your site, consider the following inquiries:
 What individual pages do you want?
 What content will be on those pages?
 How can you organize those pages into categories?
 What is the hierarchy of pages on your site?
 How will the pages link together?
 What pages and categories are essential to your site and user experience?
 Which pages or categories could be removed or combined?
Again, consulting with different teams inside your firm is a smart idea. The linking structure and
categorization of your pages will be greatly aided by the assistance of your SEO and/or content
strategy team, if you have one.
3. Write your website code

9. Writing the code is the following step in the web development process.
Different coding languages will be used by developers for the front-end and back-end of
websites, as well as for the site’s various capabilities (such as design, interactivity, etc). To
create and maintain your website, these several languages work together.
Start with the most widely spoken languages.
HTML
Since the 1990s, HyperText Markup Language (HTML) has been in use. It serves as the basis for
all websites and is the very minimal requirement for building one. Even while a website could be
made entirely with HTML, it wouldn’t be very appealingThe HTML code for a simple Bootstrap
button is provided below. The fundamental website structure created by HTML codes is
enhanced and modified by languages like CSS and JavaScript. The most recent version, HTML5,
is widely used in the creation of mobile applications since it provides cross-platform browser
capabilities.
CSS
Late in the 1990s, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) was created. It enhances websites’ overall
―look‖ by adding design components like font, colors, and layouts.
Similar to HTML5, CSS is browser-independent and enables developers to modify your website
to meet the look you had in mind.
Here is a piece of Bootstrap CSS code for modifying the jumbotron element.
JavaScript
The icing on the cake of programming languages is JavaScript. The mid-1990s programming
language JavaScript is used to provide webpages extra functionality. It is used by developers to
include animations, automate processes on certain sites, and include interactive elements that
improve user experience.
JavaScript is developing quickly. JavaScript, which was once viewed as a ―toy‖ language, is
today the most popular coding language worldwide. It has evolved into a back-end coding
language with the aid of Node.Js. It’s the first language that browsers can understand, and some
have even suggested using machine learning to translate it.
4. Build the back-end of your website

10. Although writing code is undoubtedly one of the most challenging aspects of developing a
website, it is by no means the only one. You must also develop the front-end and back-end site
architecture and design.
The data that makes the front-functionality end’s possible is handled by the back-end. For
instance, Facebook’s back end keeps a copy of my images so that the front end can share them
with others. It consists of two essential parts:
 Databases, which are responsible for storing, organizing, and processing data so that it’s
retrievable by server requests.
 Servers, which are the hardware and software that make up your computer. Servers are
responsible for sending, processing, and receiving data requests. They’re the intermediary
between the database and the client/browser. The browser will, in effect, tell the server “I need
this information”, and the server will know how to get that information from the database and
send it to the client.
5. Build the front-end of your website
You’ve worked with front-end web development if you’ve ever experimented with web design
or played around with a website built in Word Press, Square space, or Google Sites.
The front-end components are crucial since they affect how your website’s users, clients, and
visitors will interact with it.
In front-end (or client-side) programming, JavaScript, HTML, and CSS are often used together.
Additionally, it manages elements like typography and fonts, navigation, positioning, and the
responsiveness and compatibility of browsers. More of your original site vision and the elements
you included in your wireframe will be reflected in this section.
Client-side coding typically ages considerably more quickly than back-end programming as
technology and user preferences evolve. Here is where coding resources (like the ones listed
below) can be very helpful.
6. (Optional) Work with a CMS
Why would someone pick a CMS over ―hand-coding‖ or ―from scratch‖ coding? It is true that a
CMS offers you less control over your front-end because it is less adaptable. A CMS, on the
other hand, is simpler to use (you have to write less code) and frequently comes with features for
hosting the website, storing user data, making blogs, publishing landing pages, obtaining leads,
and even constructing email lists. You’ll be able to increase your website’s profitability as a
result with less effort.

11. Discover the benefits of using Hub Spot’s CMS to create a website that is optimized for search
engines and interacts with your entire marketing stack.
Plugins that eliminate the need to develop a back-end are frequently offered by CMS choices.
7. Acquire a domain name
Your website will now be assigned an IP address. Additionally, it needs a domain name, a catchy
website name that people can remember and use to find your website.
Websites like Go Daddy and Hover might be familiar to you. With the aid of these services, you
can buy a domain name and register with ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers). The majority of domain registrations last for a year before needing to be renewed.
You can buy a domain name using website builders and hosting providers like Word Press and
Square space.
8. Launch your site
You’re almost ready to share your work with the world wide web once you’ve created a domain
name and connected it to your host.
But hold on, there are still a few things you need to double-check before a launch. These include
establishing roles for your team, extensively testing your site for bugs, optimizing for SEO, and
performing a last check before ―turning the switch‖ and going live with your site.

12. Website Development Resources
Are you curious to learn more about coding and development? There are many resources
available that you may use to deepen your grasp of web development in addition to interacting
and networking with other developers.
Web Development Training Programs
Here are a few online programs and classes that Hub Spot developers suggest you check out if
you’re interested in learning more about front-end, back-end, or full-stack coding. Resources and
all information on Tutorials Point are free. There are several ways to learn to code thanks to
Tutorials Point, which offers lessons, eBooks, and videos.
Egghead is a collection of working web development experts and open source contributors that
provides you with succinct, information-dense video courses on the greatest technologies in the
industry,‖ reads a description of the company on their website.
Users can learn about a wide range of web development topics by enrolling in courses, listening
to podcasts, or taking lessons. A well-known free educational tool is Khan Academy. In addition
to a few computing-related disciplines, users can learn anything from macroeconomics to linear
algebra to US history.
Site Saga is a free online tool that teaches beginners how to create websites. The ultimate
website saga includes clear and thorough instructions for creating, expanding, and developing a
strong online presence for websites. It offers the simplest ways to create websites utilizing CMSs
like Hub Spot and website builders, with a primary focus on non-developers and small
enterprises.
Get involved with web development
Because they are experts in using the Internet, web developers should hang out and interact in
online groups.
Developers join these groups, says Code Condo, for the following reasons:
 Up-to-date information and problem-solving
 Insightful answers, new perspectives
 Tips and tricks for all-level programmers
 Links to resources, talks, and research papers
 Meeting new friends, code buddies, and potential partners
Here are a few online communities recommended by our HubSpot developers.
Get involved with web development

13. The Internet is here to stay and is always changing to accommodate the demands of users. Web
developers are at the forefront of these developments and advancements; you can find web
development in all of your favorite social media sites, mobile apps, and blogs.
As a result, spending the effort to learn coding and programming can help you create the greatest
possible business website for both you and your clients.
Editor’s note: For completeness, this article, which was initially published in November 2018,
has been updated.
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