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WATER POLLUTION.pptx
- 1. WATER POLLUTION INTRODUCTION: Water pollutionis a broad term that describes any kind of contamination of bodies of water such as rivers, lakes or wetlands with substances that can pose threats to human health or the natural environment. Such pollution is a major source of death and disease worldwide, especially in developing nations. Even in wealthier nations where piped water supplies mean that water pollution poses fewer direct threats to human health, many lakes and rivers are polluted.
- 2. Major Categories ofWater Pollutants • Infectious Agents • Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, Parasitic Worms • Source: Human and animal waste • Oxygen-Demanding Waste • Organic debris & waste + aerobic bacteria • Source: Sewage, feedlots, paper-mills, food processing • Inorganic Chemicals • Acids, Metals, Salts • Sources: Surface runoff, Industrial effluent, household cleansers • Radioactive Materials • Iodine, radon, uranium, cesium, thorium • Source: Coal & Nuclear Power plants, mining, weapons production, natural • Plant Nutrients • Nitrates, Phosphates, • Source: Sewage, manure, agricultural and landscaping runoff • Organic Chemicals • Oil, Gasoline, Plastics, Pesticides, Solvents, detergents • Sources: Industrial effluent, Household cleansers, runoff from farms and yards • Eroded Sediment • Soil, Silt • Heat/Thermal Pollution • Source: Power plants, Industrial
- 3. Groundwater Pollution: Causesand Persistence • Sources of groundwater pollution • Slow flowing: slow dilution and dispersion • Consequences of lower dissolved oxygen • Fewer bacteria to decompose wastes • Cooler temperatures: slow down chemical reactions • “Degradable” and nondegradable wastes in groundwater
- 4. Coal strip mine runoff Pumping well Wastelagoon Accidental spills Groundwater flow Confined aquifer Discharge Leakage from faulty casing Hazardous waste injection well Pesticides and fertilizers Gasoline station Buried gasoline and solvent tank Sewer Cesspool septic tank De-icing road salt Water pumping well Landfill Polluted air Groundwater Pollution
- 5. Lake Pollution • Dilutionless effective than with streams • Stratification in lakes and relatively little flow hinder rapid dilution of pollutants • Lakes more vulnerable to pollutants than streams • How pollutants enter lakes • Eutrophication: causes and effects • Oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes • Cultural eutrophication • Preventing or removing eutrophication
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- 7. Ocean Pollution Marine pollutionis a combination of chemicals and trash, most of which comes from land sources and is washed or blown into the ocean. This pollution results in damage to the environment, to the health of all organisms, and to economic structures worldwide. • Some pollutants degrade and dilute in oceans • Ocean dumping controversies
- 8. •Conserve water byturning off the tap when running water is not necessary. This helps prevent water shortages and reduces the amount of contaminated water that needs treatment. •Be careful about what you throw down your sink or toilet. Don’t throw paints, oils or other forms of litter down the drain. Use environmentally household products, such as washing powder, household cleaning agents and toiletries. •Take great care not to overuse pesticides and fertilisers. This will prevent runoffs of the material into nearby water sources. •By having more plants in your garden you are preventing fertiliser, pesticides and contaminated water from running off into nearby water sources. •Don’t throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans. Help clean up any litter you see on beaches or in rivers and lakes, make sure it is safe to collect the litter and put it in a nearby dustbin. PREVENTIONS: