Water has unique properties like surface tension and capillary action that allow it to stick together and dissolve many substances. It can exist in three states - solid, liquid, and gas - and change between them by adding or removing heat through processes like melting, freezing, vaporization, and condensation. Most of Earth's water is ocean water, with only 3% being fresh water found in ice caps, surface water, and underground sources. Surface water sources include rivers, lakes, ponds, wetlands, and the Everglades. Groundwater is stored underground in saturated zones and aquifers and can be accessed through wells, artesian wells, and springs.

1. Water6th Grade Science

2. I. Properties of WaterA. Water likes to stick together1. Capillary Action2. Surface Tension3. Universal Solvent4. Specific HeatDoes not change temperature easily

3. B. Changing States1. Statesi. Solid, liquid, gas

4. 2. Changing Statesi. Liquid/Solida. Melting (add heat)b. Freezing (remove heat)ii. Liquid/Gasa. Vaporization (add heat)1. Evaporation (slow)2. Boiling (fast)b. Condensation (remove heat)

5. II. LocationA. Ocean 97%B. Fresh Water 3%1. Ice 76%2. Surface 0.3%3. Groundwater 23%

6. III. Surface WaterA. Rivers1. Headwaters – Melting snow, ground water…2. Tributaries – Small streams linking together3. Watersheds – Where major rivers empty4. Divides – Large mountain ranges that separate flow

7. B. Ponds and Lakes1. Water not moving2. From: Rivers, melting ice, ground water3. Formation: Low area, dams (reservoir)4. Changesi. Seasonal temperature/water changesii. Long-termEutrophication = Build-up of nutrients

8. IV. WetlandsA. Definition - land covered in water part of yearB. Types1. Marshes – Grasses with shallow water2. Swamp – Flooded Forest3. Bog – Ice thaw (mosses)

9. C. Everglades

10. D. Importance1. Wildlife2. People i. Natural water cleaningii. Prevent flooding

11. V. Ground WaterA. Movement1. Enters through cracks in ground (between rocks)i. Permeable = Water moves throughii. Impermeable = Water can not move through easily2. Zonesi. Saturated Zone = Filled with waterii. Water Table = Top of Saturated Zoneiii. Unsaturated Zone = Above water table

12. B. Using Groundwater1. Aquifersi. What: Underground collection of waterii. Size: Small to entire countriesiii. Motion: none to river speeds2. Wellsi. What: Hole below water tableii. Pumps: Pull up water

13. B. Using Groundwater3. Artesian Wellsi. Water is squeezed out of ground by weight4. Springsi. Crack in surface releasing groundwater5. Geysersi. Same as spring but HOT