The document discusses various topics related to criminal sentencing including:
1) The purposes of criminal sanctions such as deterrence, incapacitation, retribution, and rehabilitation.
2) Differences between determinate and indeterminate sentencing models and how they determine lengths of incarceration.
3) How presentence investigation reports are used by judges to determine the best sentence for a convicted criminal.
This chapter discusses community corrections and reentry programs as alternatives to incarceration. It outlines intermediate sanctions like intensive probation supervision and split sentencing that allow offenders to serve part of their sentence in the community under strict conditions. Reentry programs prepare offenders for life after prison, including work release and halfway houses. The chapter also examines drug treatment programs like drug courts that provide community-based treatment as an alternative to imprisonment for substance abusers. The goal of these community corrections programs is increased public safety and more successful reintegration of offenders back into society.
The first known execution in what is now the United States was in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia. From 1930 to 1967, over 3,800 people were executed under civil jurisdiction in the US, with over half of those executed being black. In 1972, the US Supreme Court ruled existing death penalty laws were unconstitutional due to being arbitrary and capricious. New death penalty laws were enacted that were upheld by the Supreme Court in 1976, and executions resumed in 1977 after a 10-year moratorium. Over 400 people were executed between 1977 and 1997 as the constitutionality of the death penalty was further refined.
Parole supervision aims to balance public safety and rehabilitation of parolees. The author's study analyzed recidivism rates of prisoners released in 1994 to parole supervision versus unconditional release. Those under supervision had higher rearrest rates, though supervision may benefit some groups more. The study was limited by being unable to assess which supervision strategies are most effective. As parole practices vary significantly between states, more research is needed on effective approaches. Overall, the study raises important questions about whether parole supervision achieves its goals of reducing recidivism and changing lives for the better.
This report summarizes initiatives by the Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole to strengthen its decision-making policies and practices. The Board conducted a thorough review of its risk assessment protocol, decision-making instrument, parole conditions, and responses to parole violations. This led the Board to refine its tools and practices to better incorporate evidence-based principles like using validated risk assessments and targeting interventions based on risk levels. The Board also committed to increased transparency by publishing information about its goals, tools, and decision-making process.
This chapter discusses community corrections and reentry programs as alternatives to incarceration. It outlines intermediate sanctions like intensive probation supervision and split sentencing that allow offenders to serve part of their sentence in the community under strict conditions. Reentry programs prepare offenders for life after prison through work release, education programs, and halfway houses. The chapter also examines drug treatment courts that provide community-based treatment and supervision for substance abusers instead of incarceration to help break the cycle of addiction and crime.
This chapter discusses community corrections and reentry programs as alternatives to incarceration. It outlines intermediate sanctions like intensive probation supervision and split sentencing that allow offenders to serve part of their sentence in the community under strict conditions. Reentry programs prepare offenders for life after prison through work release, education programs, and halfway houses. The chapter also examines drug treatment courts that provide community-based treatment and supervision for substance abusers instead of incarceration to help break the cycle of addiction and crime.
Crij 103 001 w intro to law and justice summer 2012 schedulesevans-idaho
This document outlines the schedule and assignments for an online course on law and justice over two modules in the summer of 2012. Module 1 takes place over weeks 1 and 2 (June 4-10 and June 11-17) and focuses on readings from the textbook "Law, Justice and Society" as well as weekly discussion questions, individual posts, and article or film responses on topics like the function and purpose of law and justice and law. Students are expected to complete reading assignments, discussion questions, individual posts, and a response paper each week for a total of 25 points per week.
The document discusses various topics related to criminal sentencing including:
1) The purposes of criminal sanctions such as deterrence, incapacitation, retribution, and rehabilitation.
2) Differences between determinate and indeterminate sentencing models and how they determine lengths of incarceration.
3) How presentence investigation reports are used by judges to determine the best sentence for a convicted criminal.
This chapter discusses community corrections and reentry programs as alternatives to incarceration. It outlines intermediate sanctions like intensive probation supervision and split sentencing that allow offenders to serve part of their sentence in the community under strict conditions. Reentry programs prepare offenders for life after prison, including work release and halfway houses. The chapter also examines drug treatment programs like drug courts that provide community-based treatment as an alternative to imprisonment for substance abusers. The goal of these community corrections programs is increased public safety and more successful reintegration of offenders back into society.
The first known execution in what is now the United States was in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia. From 1930 to 1967, over 3,800 people were executed under civil jurisdiction in the US, with over half of those executed being black. In 1972, the US Supreme Court ruled existing death penalty laws were unconstitutional due to being arbitrary and capricious. New death penalty laws were enacted that were upheld by the Supreme Court in 1976, and executions resumed in 1977 after a 10-year moratorium. Over 400 people were executed between 1977 and 1997 as the constitutionality of the death penalty was further refined.
Parole supervision aims to balance public safety and rehabilitation of parolees. The author's study analyzed recidivism rates of prisoners released in 1994 to parole supervision versus unconditional release. Those under supervision had higher rearrest rates, though supervision may benefit some groups more. The study was limited by being unable to assess which supervision strategies are most effective. As parole practices vary significantly between states, more research is needed on effective approaches. Overall, the study raises important questions about whether parole supervision achieves its goals of reducing recidivism and changing lives for the better.
This report summarizes initiatives by the Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole to strengthen its decision-making policies and practices. The Board conducted a thorough review of its risk assessment protocol, decision-making instrument, parole conditions, and responses to parole violations. This led the Board to refine its tools and practices to better incorporate evidence-based principles like using validated risk assessments and targeting interventions based on risk levels. The Board also committed to increased transparency by publishing information about its goals, tools, and decision-making process.
This chapter discusses community corrections and reentry programs as alternatives to incarceration. It outlines intermediate sanctions like intensive probation supervision and split sentencing that allow offenders to serve part of their sentence in the community under strict conditions. Reentry programs prepare offenders for life after prison through work release, education programs, and halfway houses. The chapter also examines drug treatment courts that provide community-based treatment and supervision for substance abusers instead of incarceration to help break the cycle of addiction and crime.
This chapter discusses community corrections and reentry programs as alternatives to incarceration. It outlines intermediate sanctions like intensive probation supervision and split sentencing that allow offenders to serve part of their sentence in the community under strict conditions. Reentry programs prepare offenders for life after prison through work release, education programs, and halfway houses. The chapter also examines drug treatment courts that provide community-based treatment and supervision for substance abusers instead of incarceration to help break the cycle of addiction and crime.
Crij 103 001 w intro to law and justice summer 2012 schedulesevans-idaho
This document outlines the schedule and assignments for an online course on law and justice over two modules in the summer of 2012. Module 1 takes place over weeks 1 and 2 (June 4-10 and June 11-17) and focuses on readings from the textbook "Law, Justice and Society" as well as weekly discussion questions, individual posts, and article or film responses on topics like the function and purpose of law and justice and law. Students are expected to complete reading assignments, discussion questions, individual posts, and a response paper each week for a total of 25 points per week.
Cwi crij 103 intro to law and justice summer 2012 syllabussevans-idaho
This document provides the syllabus for an online Introduction to Law and Justice course offered during the summer of 2012 at the College of Western Idaho. The syllabus outlines the course objectives, which include gaining an understanding of the criminal justice system and applying sociological and psychological principles to legal issues. Students will be assessed through exams, discussion posts, article responses, and individual posts. The course will be conducted entirely online and expects students to dedicate 12-16 hours per week to be successful.
1) Law serves to regulate human behavior and transform self-interest into social interest by establishing general rules that bind a community.
2) Scholars have proposed different perspectives on law and its role in society, ranging from it maintaining order and consensus to it perpetuating conflicts between groups.
3) Key thinkers like Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Hobbes, and Locke contributed different philosophical views of law and its relationship to concepts like justice, the state, and social contracts.
The document discusses several issues facing the future of corrections, including a lack of clear mission and competing priorities, difficulty choosing effective methods, internal and external structural divisions, challenges in personnel recruitment and motivation, rising costs, and the need for evidence-based practices and professionalization. It proposes three main challenges: reinvigorating correctional leadership, refocusing investments in prevention programs, and reclaiming moral and ethical standards.
This chapter discusses the future of corrections by examining 5 dilemmas, 4 trends, and 3 challenges facing the system. It outlines how the philosophy and methods of corrections have changed, and aspirations for a system focused on evidence-based practices, technology, cost-effectiveness, and professionalism. The key challenges are to develop new leadership promoting best practices, refocus investments on rehabilitation programs, and restore moral and ethical priorities.
The National Academy of Sciences convened a committee to study forensic science needs and issues. The committee made 13 recommendations in its report, including creating a National Institute of Forensic Sciences, standardizing terminology and practices, and improving research, education, oversight and accreditation. The National Institute of Justice recognizes the need for reform and is taking steps like funding research projects and establishing advisory groups to address the report's recommendations.
This document provides a timeline of important events and discoveries in the field of forensic science from BCE to 2002 CE. Some key developments include the first use of fingerprints to solve a crime in 1880, the establishment of the first police crime laboratory in 1910, the development of blood typing techniques in the early 20th century, and the founding of organizations like the American Academy of Forensic Science in 1950 and the Federal Bureau of Investigation crime laboratory in 1932. The timeline is intended as a historical overview of the emerging field of forensic science.
A man was found dead in a bedroom with reddish-brown stains on the walls and carpet, and a broken bottle nearby. The forensic team must collect evidence from the crime scene to determine if the death was from natural causes or foul play. Samples will be analyzed in a lab to uncover clues like DNA, fingerprints, and traces of substances. A forensic pathologist will also examine the body to look for causes of injury or death. The analysis aims to reconstruct what happened and solve the crime.
DNA profiling is a forensic technique that uses a person's unique DNA to identify them. It examines DNA found at crime scenes. Two main techniques are used: Restriction fragment length polymorphism cuts DNA into fragments of varying lengths, which are then compared to suspects' DNA. Short tandem repeat profiling makes copies of DNA sections and examines repetitive patterns that differ between people. DNA profiling is a powerful forensic tool that can include or exclude suspects by matching DNA evidence to their profiles.
Islamic law, or Sharia, originated from the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad. It developed over centuries as Islamic legal scholars interpreted Sharia and adapted it to changing circumstances. By the 10th century, the classic Sharia took shape, covering religious, family, property, commercial, and criminal law. It was not a strict legal code but a body of religious scholarship that continued evolving. Modern influences like Western colonialism have led to reforms, but Sharia remains influential in many Muslim-majority nations.
Common law systems like those in the United States and United Kingdom have legal systems that evolve through judicial decisions and rely heavily on legal precedents set in past cases. In civil law systems found in Europe and Latin America, legislative statutes are the primary source of law and judicial decisions have weaker precedential value. Common law systems emphasize procedural correctness and debate during adversarial trials, while civil law prioritizes establishing factual certainty through an inquisitorial judicial examination process.
Canada has two legal systems: common law from England and civil law from France. Common law is based on precedent from past court cases, while civil law relies on codified legal texts. Quebec uses civil law based on codes originating from French rule. The rest of Canada uses common law, with the exception of some Indigenous legal traditions. The Canadian legal system has evolved through influences from both common law and civil law.
This document provides an overview of comparative law and different legal traditions around the world. It discusses the legal systems of preliterate bands and tribes, and the four main modern legal traditions: common law, civil law, socialist law, and Islamic law. It also addresses the rule of law and convergence of legal systems as globalization increases interactions between cultures.
Topic paper week 16 cja 101 intro to criminal justicesevans-idaho
This document provides instructions for a topic paper assignment in a criminal justice course. Students must write a 750-1000 word paper answering one of two questions and including an introduction, body, and conclusion using APA format with at least two cited sources and a reference page. The paper is worth 30 points and is due by the end of the course.
The document discusses different types of terrorism including domestic and international terrorism. It outlines the United States Government Interagency Domestic Terrorism Concept of Operations Plan which coordinates response to domestic threats. It also discusses terror alerts issued by the Department of Homeland Security that aim to inform the public of potential threats and recommend protective actions.
The document discusses how terrorism has affected the US criminal justice system. It details how the US reorganized law enforcement agencies after 9/11 through the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, which consolidated various federal agencies. It also explains how anti-terrorism laws like the USA Patriot Act have expanded law enforcement powers but raised civil liberties concerns.
Topic paper week 14 cja 104 intro to correctionssevans-idaho
This document provides instructions for a topic paper assignment in an Intro to Corrections course. Students must write a 750-1000 word paper answering one of two questions and including an introduction, body, and conclusion using APA format with at least two sources cited. The paper is worth 25 points and requires selecting a topic about how mental health offenders have challenged corrections systems or the most effective juvenile delinquency programs.
This document discusses several special populations within the correctional system, including elderly prisoners, prisoners with HIV/AIDS, mentally ill prisoners, and long-term prisoners. It also covers the history of the juvenile justice system in the US and challenges in sanctioning and treating juvenile offenders, including those involved in gangs. Key topics include medical care and housing needs of special populations, debates around segregating HIV-infected inmates, high rates of mental illness among prisoners, the high costs of life sentences, and balancing rehabilitation and public safety in the juvenile system.
This chapter discusses special populations within corrections including elderly prisoners, prisoners with HIV/AIDS, mentally ill prisoners, and long-term prisoners. It also covers juvenile corrections, including the history of the juvenile justice system in the US, why juveniles are treated differently than adults, challenges with serious juvenile offenders and gangs, and the future of the juvenile justice system. The chapter outlines topics like the aging correctional population, managing HIV-infected inmates, challenges with the incarcerated mentally ill, the extent of youth crime, and factors considered in sanctioning juvenile offenders.
The document provides an overview of the Marshall Trilogy Supreme Court cases from the 1820s-1830s that established foundational principles of federal Indian law. It then discusses the 1905 case United States v. Winans, which faithfully applied these principles. The Marshall Trilogy established that Congress has plenary power over tribes, tribes have inherent sovereignty unless expressly limited, and the federal government holds tribes' lands in trust. It also established canons of construction that treaties should be interpreted in tribes' favor. Winans affirmed tribes' treaty-reserved rights to fish off-reservation, applying congressional plenary power, inherent tribal sovereignty unless limited, the trust doctrine requiring the federal government sue on tribes' behalf, and canons
The document discusses three main arguments about criminal law and justice:
1) Criminal sentencing laws like California's Three Strikes law have disproportionately impacted minority communities and have fallen short of their intended goals. These laws often result in extreme sentences that outweigh their effectiveness in reducing crime.
2) Social science research on issues like cross-racial eyewitness identification has helped inform criminal procedure and shed light on how race influences criminal trials.
3) Existing criminal procedure has created burdens for criminal defendants. Aggregation of discretionary decisions in the criminal justice system can lead to racial unfairness if not addressed. More analysis is needed on how race impacts criminal punishment and jurisprudence.
Cwi crij 103 intro to law and justice summer 2012 syllabussevans-idaho
This document provides the syllabus for an online Introduction to Law and Justice course offered during the summer of 2012 at the College of Western Idaho. The syllabus outlines the course objectives, which include gaining an understanding of the criminal justice system and applying sociological and psychological principles to legal issues. Students will be assessed through exams, discussion posts, article responses, and individual posts. The course will be conducted entirely online and expects students to dedicate 12-16 hours per week to be successful.
1) Law serves to regulate human behavior and transform self-interest into social interest by establishing general rules that bind a community.
2) Scholars have proposed different perspectives on law and its role in society, ranging from it maintaining order and consensus to it perpetuating conflicts between groups.
3) Key thinkers like Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Hobbes, and Locke contributed different philosophical views of law and its relationship to concepts like justice, the state, and social contracts.
The document discusses several issues facing the future of corrections, including a lack of clear mission and competing priorities, difficulty choosing effective methods, internal and external structural divisions, challenges in personnel recruitment and motivation, rising costs, and the need for evidence-based practices and professionalization. It proposes three main challenges: reinvigorating correctional leadership, refocusing investments in prevention programs, and reclaiming moral and ethical standards.
This chapter discusses the future of corrections by examining 5 dilemmas, 4 trends, and 3 challenges facing the system. It outlines how the philosophy and methods of corrections have changed, and aspirations for a system focused on evidence-based practices, technology, cost-effectiveness, and professionalism. The key challenges are to develop new leadership promoting best practices, refocus investments on rehabilitation programs, and restore moral and ethical priorities.
The National Academy of Sciences convened a committee to study forensic science needs and issues. The committee made 13 recommendations in its report, including creating a National Institute of Forensic Sciences, standardizing terminology and practices, and improving research, education, oversight and accreditation. The National Institute of Justice recognizes the need for reform and is taking steps like funding research projects and establishing advisory groups to address the report's recommendations.
This document provides a timeline of important events and discoveries in the field of forensic science from BCE to 2002 CE. Some key developments include the first use of fingerprints to solve a crime in 1880, the establishment of the first police crime laboratory in 1910, the development of blood typing techniques in the early 20th century, and the founding of organizations like the American Academy of Forensic Science in 1950 and the Federal Bureau of Investigation crime laboratory in 1932. The timeline is intended as a historical overview of the emerging field of forensic science.
A man was found dead in a bedroom with reddish-brown stains on the walls and carpet, and a broken bottle nearby. The forensic team must collect evidence from the crime scene to determine if the death was from natural causes or foul play. Samples will be analyzed in a lab to uncover clues like DNA, fingerprints, and traces of substances. A forensic pathologist will also examine the body to look for causes of injury or death. The analysis aims to reconstruct what happened and solve the crime.
DNA profiling is a forensic technique that uses a person's unique DNA to identify them. It examines DNA found at crime scenes. Two main techniques are used: Restriction fragment length polymorphism cuts DNA into fragments of varying lengths, which are then compared to suspects' DNA. Short tandem repeat profiling makes copies of DNA sections and examines repetitive patterns that differ between people. DNA profiling is a powerful forensic tool that can include or exclude suspects by matching DNA evidence to their profiles.
Islamic law, or Sharia, originated from the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad. It developed over centuries as Islamic legal scholars interpreted Sharia and adapted it to changing circumstances. By the 10th century, the classic Sharia took shape, covering religious, family, property, commercial, and criminal law. It was not a strict legal code but a body of religious scholarship that continued evolving. Modern influences like Western colonialism have led to reforms, but Sharia remains influential in many Muslim-majority nations.
Common law systems like those in the United States and United Kingdom have legal systems that evolve through judicial decisions and rely heavily on legal precedents set in past cases. In civil law systems found in Europe and Latin America, legislative statutes are the primary source of law and judicial decisions have weaker precedential value. Common law systems emphasize procedural correctness and debate during adversarial trials, while civil law prioritizes establishing factual certainty through an inquisitorial judicial examination process.
Canada has two legal systems: common law from England and civil law from France. Common law is based on precedent from past court cases, while civil law relies on codified legal texts. Quebec uses civil law based on codes originating from French rule. The rest of Canada uses common law, with the exception of some Indigenous legal traditions. The Canadian legal system has evolved through influences from both common law and civil law.
This document provides an overview of comparative law and different legal traditions around the world. It discusses the legal systems of preliterate bands and tribes, and the four main modern legal traditions: common law, civil law, socialist law, and Islamic law. It also addresses the rule of law and convergence of legal systems as globalization increases interactions between cultures.
Topic paper week 16 cja 101 intro to criminal justicesevans-idaho
This document provides instructions for a topic paper assignment in a criminal justice course. Students must write a 750-1000 word paper answering one of two questions and including an introduction, body, and conclusion using APA format with at least two cited sources and a reference page. The paper is worth 30 points and is due by the end of the course.
The document discusses different types of terrorism including domestic and international terrorism. It outlines the United States Government Interagency Domestic Terrorism Concept of Operations Plan which coordinates response to domestic threats. It also discusses terror alerts issued by the Department of Homeland Security that aim to inform the public of potential threats and recommend protective actions.
The document discusses how terrorism has affected the US criminal justice system. It details how the US reorganized law enforcement agencies after 9/11 through the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, which consolidated various federal agencies. It also explains how anti-terrorism laws like the USA Patriot Act have expanded law enforcement powers but raised civil liberties concerns.
Topic paper week 14 cja 104 intro to correctionssevans-idaho
This document provides instructions for a topic paper assignment in an Intro to Corrections course. Students must write a 750-1000 word paper answering one of two questions and including an introduction, body, and conclusion using APA format with at least two sources cited. The paper is worth 25 points and requires selecting a topic about how mental health offenders have challenged corrections systems or the most effective juvenile delinquency programs.
This document discusses several special populations within the correctional system, including elderly prisoners, prisoners with HIV/AIDS, mentally ill prisoners, and long-term prisoners. It also covers the history of the juvenile justice system in the US and challenges in sanctioning and treating juvenile offenders, including those involved in gangs. Key topics include medical care and housing needs of special populations, debates around segregating HIV-infected inmates, high rates of mental illness among prisoners, the high costs of life sentences, and balancing rehabilitation and public safety in the juvenile system.
This chapter discusses special populations within corrections including elderly prisoners, prisoners with HIV/AIDS, mentally ill prisoners, and long-term prisoners. It also covers juvenile corrections, including the history of the juvenile justice system in the US, why juveniles are treated differently than adults, challenges with serious juvenile offenders and gangs, and the future of the juvenile justice system. The chapter outlines topics like the aging correctional population, managing HIV-infected inmates, challenges with the incarcerated mentally ill, the extent of youth crime, and factors considered in sanctioning juvenile offenders.
The document provides an overview of the Marshall Trilogy Supreme Court cases from the 1820s-1830s that established foundational principles of federal Indian law. It then discusses the 1905 case United States v. Winans, which faithfully applied these principles. The Marshall Trilogy established that Congress has plenary power over tribes, tribes have inherent sovereignty unless expressly limited, and the federal government holds tribes' lands in trust. It also established canons of construction that treaties should be interpreted in tribes' favor. Winans affirmed tribes' treaty-reserved rights to fish off-reservation, applying congressional plenary power, inherent tribal sovereignty unless limited, the trust doctrine requiring the federal government sue on tribes' behalf, and canons
The document discusses three main arguments about criminal law and justice:
1) Criminal sentencing laws like California's Three Strikes law have disproportionately impacted minority communities and have fallen short of their intended goals. These laws often result in extreme sentences that outweigh their effectiveness in reducing crime.
2) Social science research on issues like cross-racial eyewitness identification has helped inform criminal procedure and shed light on how race influences criminal trials.
3) Existing criminal procedure has created burdens for criminal defendants. Aggregation of discretionary decisions in the criminal justice system can lead to racial unfairness if not addressed. More analysis is needed on how race impacts criminal punishment and jurisprudence.