This document discusses the debate around mandatory labeling of genetically modified (GM) foods. While consumers fear potential negative health impacts of GM foods, evidence suggests GM crops provide economic benefits to farmers by reducing costs and increasing yields. Mandatory labeling could negatively impact farmers if consumers avoid GM foods due to misconceptions about health risks, as GM seeds are more expensive. However, theories about GM foods' health effects lack proof, while benefits include lower pesticide use and residues. Therefore, the document concludes mandatory labeling may harm farmers' livelihoods and cause unintended health consequences while not providing meaningful information to consumers.
Biotechnology for Health and Food Security [Najat Mokhtar, Hassan II Academy ...UNESCO Venice Office
Workshop on Higher Education and Professional Responsibility in CBRN Applied Sciences and Technology across the Sub-Mediterranean Region
3-4 April 2012. Palazzo Zorzi, Venice
Session 2. Science and Society - Identifying Priorities and New Technologies Challenges
GMO, Conventionally Grown, and Organic Food Presented by Shounak Ray Chaudhuri Moumita Chatterjee
This presentation is prepared by my eight year old son, Shounak Ray Chaudhuri for his 3rd grade class sharing. This include his research for finding best food option for healthier life style.
Environmental Consequences of Genetically-Modified Foods, Biopharming and rBGHJack Olmsted
Martin Donohoe, MD, FACP
Portland State University
Oregon Physicians for Social Responsibility
With thanks to Rick North, Project Director, Campaign for Safe Food
Oregon Physicians for Social Responsibility
Presentation on biotech in agriculture for educational purposes. Thanks to Kevin Folta. I borrowed his concept of showing who benefits from various traits from one of his excellent slide sets.
What is a GMO? Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering. This creates combinations of plant, animal, bacteria, and virus genes that do not occur in nature or through traditional crossbreeding methods.
One specific concern is the possibility for GMOs to negatively affect human health. This could result from differences in nutritional content, allergic response, or undesired side effects such as toxicity, organ damage, or gene transfer.
Contrary to what some believe, GMO crops can actually allow farmers to use less (and less toxic) pesticides on their fields. ... “On average, GM technology adoption has reduced chemical pesticide use by 37%, increased crop yields by 22%, and increased farmer profits by 68%.”
Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2).
Biotechnology for Health and Food Security [Najat Mokhtar, Hassan II Academy ...UNESCO Venice Office
Workshop on Higher Education and Professional Responsibility in CBRN Applied Sciences and Technology across the Sub-Mediterranean Region
3-4 April 2012. Palazzo Zorzi, Venice
Session 2. Science and Society - Identifying Priorities and New Technologies Challenges
GMO, Conventionally Grown, and Organic Food Presented by Shounak Ray Chaudhuri Moumita Chatterjee
This presentation is prepared by my eight year old son, Shounak Ray Chaudhuri for his 3rd grade class sharing. This include his research for finding best food option for healthier life style.
Environmental Consequences of Genetically-Modified Foods, Biopharming and rBGHJack Olmsted
Martin Donohoe, MD, FACP
Portland State University
Oregon Physicians for Social Responsibility
With thanks to Rick North, Project Director, Campaign for Safe Food
Oregon Physicians for Social Responsibility
Presentation on biotech in agriculture for educational purposes. Thanks to Kevin Folta. I borrowed his concept of showing who benefits from various traits from one of his excellent slide sets.
What is a GMO? Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering. This creates combinations of plant, animal, bacteria, and virus genes that do not occur in nature or through traditional crossbreeding methods.
One specific concern is the possibility for GMOs to negatively affect human health. This could result from differences in nutritional content, allergic response, or undesired side effects such as toxicity, organ damage, or gene transfer.
Contrary to what some believe, GMO crops can actually allow farmers to use less (and less toxic) pesticides on their fields. ... “On average, GM technology adoption has reduced chemical pesticide use by 37%, increased crop yields by 22%, and increased farmer profits by 68%.”
Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2).
This is a collection of the designs I have been learning and working on throughout the semester. Please look and see how much I have learned and how my work has improved over this time period.
IoT BASED VEHICLE TRACKING AND TRAFFIC SURVIELLENCE SYSTEMjohn solomon j
ii
ABSTRACT GPS is one of the technologies that are used in a huge number of applications today. One of the applications is tracking your vehicle and keeps regular monitoring on them. This tracking system can inform you the location and route travelled by vehicle, and that information can be observed from any other remote location. It also includes the web application that provides you exact location of target and the exact speed the vehicle is moving which is used to generate bills for over speeding automatically. This system enables us to track target in any weather conditions. This system uses GPS and Zigbee technologies. This includes the hardware part which comprises of GPS, Zigbee, ATmega microcontroller and software part is used for interfacing all the required modules and a web application is also developed at the client side and visualize data from IoT. Main objective is to design a system that can be easily installed and to provide platform for further enhancement. KEYWORDS GPS, ZigBee, Tracking System, IoT
iii
Raising Awareness and Discovering the Dirt 12345 .docxrobert345678
Raising Awareness and Discovering the Dirt
12345 Canyon Dr., Northridge, CA 91344 (818) 555-9089 (818) 555-9222 Radd.com
RADD
What role can the FDA play in regulating GMO
products?
This brief is intended for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is
presented on behalf of Raising Awareness and Discovering the Dirt (RADD). RADD is a non-profit
organization committed to promoting the wellness of the environment.
Since the earlier 1990s, commercialization of Genetic Modified Organisms (GMOs) has spread
throughout the U.S. The FDA has promoted a program of self-regulation among the biotech crop and
food developers (www.fda.gov). Many of the biotech food and crop developers’ primary interest is the
development of high-yielding products. For example, Monsanto, a biotech food and crop developer’s
director of corporate communications, Philip Angell was quoted saying; “Monsanto should not have to
vouchsafe the safety of biotech food. Our interest is in selling as much of it as possible. Assuring its
safety is the FDA’s job,” (Antoniou, Robinson, & Fagan, 2012, p. 23).
Finally, research and Monsanto’s own feeding trials revealed health-effects and suggest that
more suitable options are needed to maintain the safety of consumers and the environment. Therefore,
RADD is committed to working with the FDA in creating programs that will ensure the safety of
environment and the use of GMOs.
Statement of Issue:
In order to promote awareness and ultimately protect the health of consumers, the FDA has the
ability to regulate GMOs by establishing new guidelines. There is a growing body of evidence that
connects GMOs with health problems, environmental damage, and violation of rights of farmers and
consumers. Studies show a correlation between GMOs and health problems such as production of new
allergens increased toxicity, decreased nutrition, and antibiotic resistance (Bernstein et al., 2003).
Additionally, since the emergence of GMO crops, there has been an increase in the amount of
agriculture changes. Such changes include the development of “massive weeds” and “super bugs,” both
requiring an increased dosage of toxins to rid of these unwanted, overgrown organisms. In return,
consumers are now ingesting these increased dosages of toxins.
Background:
Ultimately, the only beneficiaries of products containing GMOs are its producers, such as,
Monsanto, rather than consumers. Monsanto makes an abundant amount of profit on their GMO
products as they have scientifically modified crops, allowing them to have faster results. The “proposed”
purpose of GMOs was to increase yield and enhance nutritional value, while also lowering the use of
pesticides. (www.nongmoproject.org, 2013). Indeed, the use of GMOs increase yield, but studies show
that GMO products hold no nutritional value and rather, by decreasing the use of pesticides, there has
been an increase .
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Abstract
For thousands of years people have developed plants and animals with the characteristics they want by selectively breeding the best plants and animals. The need for using genetically modified organisms is simply defined as sheer volume of consumers. In order to feed and provide other non-food products to individuals, current ingredients had to be altered to be able to fit the growing needs of the country. Genetic modification has a variety of uses pure science, research, medicine, food production, agricultural innovation. Genes work by coding instructions for making proteins and proteins are the chemicals that have a strong influence on biological functions.
GMO technology finds itself an enduring part of society, history and people. This is true because of the technology’s ability to integrate itself with wild populations and even contaminate conventional crops, well beyond the decision for farmers to halt the planting of GM crops. There will be a decrease in the products derived from GMOs. Companies who use the GMO products like wheat will offer organic brands. They will also find different suppliers of the grains and vegetables to ensure the products are made and cultivated naturally. More and more companies will be looking for the alternate ways for consumers to buy their products, therefore replacing the GMO ingredients will be a necessity. This is could be even further enforced in the labeling legislation ratified. This circumstance is certainly not just limited to the United States consumers who purchase the goods. This also affects international trade a ...
1. 1
Introduction: The labeling of genetically modified (GM) foods is much debated.
GM foods have a poor reputation among most consumers due to fear of negative health
impacts. However, positive health benefits of GM organisms have more legitimate
support. In addition, the misconceptions of GM foods result in negative economic
consequences for farmers, as consumers are more likely to avoid the foods they know to
be genetically modified (Anderson, 2010). Therefore the labeling of GM foods should not
be mandatory, because of negative economic results and unwarranted theories of negative
health impacts.
The Economic Harm from Labeling: The labeling of GM food products could
end up being economically positive for the farmers. Those farmers who raise crops that
contain a GM content below 5% qualify as organic farmers (Demont & Devos, 2008),
and are then able to benefit from mandatory labeling by charging more for their produce
(Constanigro & Lusk, 2014). But ultimately, GM crops are good for the farmer. Qaim
(2009) tells us that farmers who use GM crops spend less on herbicides and labor.
Additionally, U.S. farmers that produce GM crops have larger gross margin gains
averaging $12 per hectare, a net economic benefit from GM crops that reduce the use of
insecticides by 8%, and have increased yields averaging 5% (Qaim, 2009). Labeling
means that consumers would avoid purchasing foods with GM ingredients – Constanigro
and Lusk (2014) found that consumers would be willing to pay about 10% more for foods
that are not GM. Considering the premium consumers would still pay to avoid GM foods,
all those farmers mentioned would face losses – GM seeds are more expensive, so
without the consumers to buy their produce and balance the expense of the seeds, smaller
farmers face large losses (Qaim, 2009).
2. 2
The Unknown Health Effects of GM Foods: The effect of GMOs on human
health is not confirmed, but there are many pessimistic theories. The Ghana Public Health
Association tells us that there are concerns that GMOs may be a source of endocrine
disruption (Amofah 2014) – just like DDT, a pesticide banned in 1972 because of its
negative health effects on the human endocrine system (Strong 2015). However, the key
word from that proceeding document (and many others on this topic) is may. Ultimately,
there is no true proof that GMO’s negatively affect one’s health. Furthermore, the use of
GMO’s can actually be beneficial. One of the main concerns of pesticide use is the
residue that remains on the crops and is ingested by the consumer – this is why organic
foods are so popular. With GM crops, pesticide residuals are lower both on the food and
in any water sources near the farming site (Qaim, 2009). Wu (2006) chronicles in a paper
the benefits of a specific GM crop – maize that contains the pesticide Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) – and explains that this particular grain has lower levels of cancer
causing mycotoxins than non-GM corn. The farmers of the crops benefit as well –
without the need for the application of pesticides, farmers have less exposure to
dangerous chemicals, particularly in less developed countries where the poisons are
applied manually (Qaim 2009). Though negative theories of the effects of GM foods are
popular, those theories have no proof, while the opposing side has clear benefits.
Conclusion: The controversy of labeling GM foods is complex. Consumers want
to know exactly what they are eating, but the choices they make based on labeling may
come from a fearful mindset. In this situation, the consequences are more than just quirks
on the customers end, but extend to affect the livelihood of farmers everywhere. The
choices that consumers make about which foods to purchase have a ripple effect that
3. 3
could severely harm the livelihood of a small farmer growing GM corn in an attempt to
cut down on pesticide use. In addition, by avoiding foods that they know to be GM,
consumers may unintentionally missing out on health benefits for themselves or cause
damage to the health of those who end up ingesting the pesticides that need to be used.
Mandatory labeling of GM foods is advertised as being advantageous for the consumer,
but the repercussions of labeling are more important than fretting over unsubstantiated
theories.
References
Amofah, G. (2014). Recommendations From a Meeting on Health Implications of
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO). Ghana Medical Journal. 48(2), 117-119.
Retrieved from EBSCO Host.
Andersen, L. B. (2010). The EU Rules on Labelling of Genetically Modified Foods:
Mission accomplished?. European Food & Feed Law Review, 5(3), 136-143.
Retrieved from EBSCO Host.
Costanigro, M., & Lusk, J.L. (2014). The signaling effect of mandatory labels on
genetically engineered food. Food Policy, 49(1), 259-267. Retrieved from
EBSCO Host.
Demont, M., & Devos, Y. (2008). Regulating coexistence of GM and non-GM crops
without jeopardizing economic incentives. Trends in Biotechnology, 26(7), 353-
358. Retrieved from Google Scholar.
Strong, A.L., Shi, Z., Strong, M., Miller, D.F.B., Rusch, D.B., Buechlein,
A.M.,…Bunnell, B.A. (2015). Effects of the Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical
DDT on Self-Renewal and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
Environmental Health Perspectives. 123(1), 42-48. Retrieved from EBSCO Host.
Qaim, M. (2009). The Economics of Genetically Modified Crops. Annual Review of
Resource Economics. 1. 665-694 Retrieved from Google Scholar.
Wu, F. (2006). Bt Corn’s Reduction of Mycotoxins: Regulatory Decisions and Public
Opinion. Natural Resource Management and Policy. 30. 179-200. Retrieved from
Google Scholar.