The document discusses the Bill of Rights in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. It provides summaries of the key civil and political rights protected in the Bill of Rights, including rights to life, liberty, equal protection, privacy, speech, religion, travel, information, unionization, property, and due process. It notes that civil rights protect individuals in private activities while political rights relate to participation in government. Both are considered human rights, with human rights now also encompassing economic, social, and cultural rights. The document also provides a brief definition of duty as a moral obligation to do or avoid certain actions.

1. By Alfred Roi S. Mallari
BSED 4E
The “Bill of Rights”

2. The “Bill of Rights”
The Bill of Rights is a list of rights
pertaining to persons.These
rights are recognized,
guaranteed, and protected
against invasion, reduction, or
destruction.

3. The “Bill of Rights”
“The Bill of Rights on the belief in the dignity of man
and the intrinsic worth of human life.The powerful idea
of human dignity,taught by great ethical teachers from
Confucius to Christ and Kant,received a tremendous
boost from the democratic ideal of equality.Human
dignity and equality led to the recognition of inherent
and inalienable rights of the person,beyond the reach of
even the most benevolent,not to say,the most tyrannical
powers of government”

4. The “Bill of Rights”
According to Leonardo A. Quisimbing &
PurificationV. Quisimbing,
Constitutional Rights and Obligation of the
People,A primer.

5. The “Bill of Rights”
Article III of the 1987 Constitution
provides for the Bill of Rights are as
follows:
 Sec. 1 No person shall be deprived of life,
liberty or property without due process of
law, nor shall any person be denied the
equal protection of laws

6. The “Bill of Rights”
 Sec. 2The right of the people to be secure
in their persons, houses, papers, and
properties has against unreasonable searches
and seizures of whatever nature and for any
purpose shall be inviolable and no search
warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue
except upon probable cause to be
determined personally by the judge after

7. The “Bill of Rights”
examination under oath of affirmation of
the complainant and witnesses he may
produce, and particularly describing the
place to be searched and the persons or
things to be seized.

8. The “Bill of Rights”
 Sec 3 (1) the privacy of communication and
correspondence shall be inviolable except upon
lawful order of the court, or when public safety
or order requires otherwise prescribed by the
law.
 (2) any evidence obtained in violation of this or
the preceding section shall be inadmissible for
any purpose in any proceeding

9. The “Bill of Rights”
Sec 4. no law shall be passed
abridging the freedom of speech, of
expression, or of the press, or the
right of the people peacefully to
assemble and petition the
government for redress of
grievances

10. The “Bill of Rights”
 Sec 5 No law shall be made respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof, the free exercise and
enjoyment of religious profession or
worship, without discrimination or
preference shall forever be allowed. No
religious tests shall be required for the
exercise of civil and political rights

11. The “Bill of Rights”
 Sec 6 the liberty of abode and of changing
the same within the limits prescribed by the
law shall not be impaired except upon
lawful order of the court. Neither shall the
right to travel be impaired except in the
interest of national security, or public
health, as may be provided by the law

12. The “Bill of Rights”
 Sec 7 the right of the people to information
on matters of public concern shall be
recognized.Access to official records, and
to documents, and papers pertaining to
official acts, transactions or decisions, as
well as to government research data as basis
for policy development, shall be afforded
the citizen, subject to such limitations as
may be provided by the law

13. The “Bill of Rights”
 Sec 8The right of the people, including
those employed in public and private
sectors, to form unions, associations, or
societies for purposes not contrary to law
shall not be abridged.
 Sec 9 Private property shall not be taken for
public use without just compensation

14. The “Bill of Rights”
 Sec 10 No law impairing the obligation of
contracts shall be passed
 Sec 11 Free access to the courts and quasi-
judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance
shall not be defined to any person by reason
of property

15. The “Bill of Rights”
 Sec 12 (1) Any person under investigation for
the commission of an offense hall have the right
to be informed of his right to remain silent and
to have competent and independent counsel
preferably of his own choice. If the person
cannot afford the services of counsel, he must
be provided with one.The rights cannot be
waived exceot in writing and in the presence of
counsel

16. The “Bill of Rights”
 (2) No torture, violence, force, intimidation
or any other means which vitiate the free
will shall be used against him. Secret
detention places, solitary, incommunicado,
or other similar forms of detention are
prohibited.

17. The “Bill of Rights”
 (3)Any confession or admission obtained in
violation of this or Sec 17 hereof shall be
inadmissible in evidence against him
 (4) the law shall provide for penal and civil
sanctions for violations of this section as
well as compensation to and rehabilitations
of victims of torture or similar practices and
their families

18. The “Bill of Rights”
 Sec 13 all person except those charged with
civil offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua
when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, be
fore conviction, be bailable by sufficient
sureties, or be released on impaired even
when the privilege of the write of haebas
corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not
be required

19. The “Bill of Rights”
 Sec 14 (1) No person shall be held to answer for
a criminal offense without due process of law
 (2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused
shall be pressured innocent until the contrary is
proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by
himself and the counsel, to be informed of the
nature and cause of the accusation against him

20. The “Bill of Rights”
to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial.
To meet the witnesses face to face, and to
have compulsory process in secure the
attendance of witnesses and the production
of evidence in his behalf. However after the
arraignment, trial may proceed
notwithstanding the absence of the accused
provided that he has been duly notified and
his failure to appear is unjustifiable

21. The “Bill of Rights”
 Sec 15 the privilege of the write of habeas
corpus shall not be suspended except in
cases of invasion or rebellion when the
public safety requires it
 Sec 16 all persons shall have the right to a
speedy disposition of their cases before all
judicial, quasi-judicial and administrative
bodies

22. The “Bill of Rights”
 Sec 17 No person shall be composed as a
witness against himself
 Sec 18 (1) no person shall be detained solely by
reason of his political beliefs and aspirations
 (2) no involuntary servitude in any form shall
exist except as a punishment for a crime
whereof the party shall have duly been
convicted

23. The “Bill of Rights”
 Sec 19 (1) excessive fines shall not be imposed,
nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment
neither shall death penalty already imposed shall
be reduced to reclusion perpetua
 (2)The employment of physical, psychological,
or degrading punishment against prisoner or
detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate
penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall
be dealt with by the law

24. The “Bill of Rights”
 Sec 20 no person shall be imprisoned for
debt or non-payment of a poll tax
 Sec 21 no person shall be twice put in
jeopardy of punishment for the same
offense. If an act is published by a law and an
ordinance, conviction or acquittal under
either shall constitute a bar to another
prosecution of the same act

25. The “Bill of Rights”
 Sec 22 No ex post facto law or bill of
attainder shall be enacted

26. Civil and Political Rights

27. Civil and Political Rights
The Bill of Rights includes the Civil and Political
Rights of the people.
1. Civil Rights are those which an individual
enjoys in his private activities, or in his
transactions with others, as protected and
granted by law.These include to right to privacy,
the right to travel or change residence, the right
to property, the right to worship, and the right
to free access to a court of justice. Civil rights
are enjoyed by citizens and non-citizens alike.

28. Civil and Political Rights
2. Political Rights are those which an
individuals enjoy in participation in government
affairs.These include the right to free speech
and free press, the right to form associations,
the right to assemble and to petition the
government of the redress of grievances, the
right to vote and be voted upon to public office.
Political rights are enjoyed by the citizens of
each particular country

29. Civil and Political Rights
 Civil and Political rights are what we call
HUMAN RIGHTS. But in its widest
sense, human rights include those pertaining
to the dignity of the persons, such as
integrity, liberty, education, health, work,
and welfare

30. The meaning of HUMAN RIGHTS
today:
 More than just a sum of Political and Civil
Rights
 Included as Human Rights: economic,
social, and cultural rights

31. The meaning of HUMAN RIGHTS
today:
“Economic,social,and cultural rights are as important as
political and civil rights.For freedom from detention,
torture and other forms of political repression will be
meaningless when people are hostage to hunger,disease,
ignorance and unemployment.In the same way,freedom
from social and economic inequities would be in vain
without the right to participate in determination of the
direction of society”
Renato Constantino

32. Notion of Duty

33. Notion of Duty
Duty, taken objectively, is anything we are obliged
to do or omit.Taken subjectively, is a moral
obligation incumbent upon a person of doing,
omitting or avoiding something
It is a moral obligation because it depends upon
freewill.As such, it resides on a person.And
because duty is defined by law, any willful
neglects makes the person accountable for such
act.