Here are 3 potential topics I came up with using the specified pre-writing strategies: 1. Social media (brainstorming): Effects of social media on relationships, Social media addiction, Benefits and drawbacks of social media 2. Summer vacation (mapping): Beach vacation, Road trip, Camping trip

2. “In preparing for battle I have
always found that plans are
useless, but planning is
indispensable.”
~Dwight D. Eisenhower

3. Stages of Pre-Writing
1. Knowing the kind of paper that you will be
required to write.
What are you being asked to do?
How long the paper should be?
2. Determining the writing situation, or the
context of your assignment.
What is the purpose and audience of your
paper?

4. Defining Pre-Writing
The first stage of the writing process is pre-writing,
which pertains to different techniques that help you
discover ideas before writing the first draft of a paper.
0 You use a variety of strategies to find out things
that interest you about a topic or new ways of
thinking about it
0 It also helps you identify what else you need to know
about a topic.

5. The Purpose of Your Paper
The first consideration is determining your
purpose. This is the reason why you are
writing. When you think about your purpose,
you begin to make decisions about form,
content, length, organization, support and tone.
Purpose in writing is answered by these
questions:
What do you want to accomplish?
Why are you sending this message?

6. The Purpose of Your Paper
Your purpose may be to:
1. inform
2. explain
3. persuade
4. entertain

7. The Audience of Your Paper
To write effectively, it is always best to assume
that you are writing to be read. Your audience
is your target reader. You must recognize who
your readers are and anticipate their
expectations, background, and knowledge of the
topic if you are to tailor-fit your writing to their
tastes.

8. Some questions to help you analyze your
audience
0Who is most likely to read my work? Will I have
multiple audiences?
0What would they find interesting about it?
0Why should they be concerned about my opinion?
0What do I want them to learn from my work?
0How do I want to influence them?
0Will they act on what I want them to do?
0What questions would they have for me?

9. After you have determined your audience and
purpose, you are ready to think about your paper’s
topic.
The topic is the subject or the specific issue that
your paper will discuss.
0 Topic should be specific.
0 The topic should be related to the assignment and
interesting to you.
0 It must be something that you know or are willing to
learn more about.

10. After you have thought about your purpose,
audience, and topic, it would be good to
consider the tone you plan to use. This refers to
the attitudes and feelings you want your writing
to reflect toward your purpose, topic, audience,
and yourself. These are manifested in your
chosen point-of-view (first, second, or third),
sentence structure (long and short sentences),
and chosen words (connotation and
denotation).

11. Using Pre-Writing Strategies
Ways to find your writing topic:
1. Brainstorming
0 Begin at the top of a sheet of paper and list
down everything that comes into your mind as
fast as you can for a certain amount of time.
0 After listing down all your ideas, browse
through them and pick the one that best
appeals to you, or the one that you know best.

12. 1. Brainstorming
K to 12 Basic Education
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13. Using Pre-Writing Strategies
Ways to find your writing topic:
2. Clustering or Mapping
0 Start by writing a word or phrase at the center
of the page and encircle it; this becomes your
main topic.
0 Think of other words and phrases related to
that main topic, write them down, encircle
them, and draw lines connecting them to the
main topic. These becomes your subtopics.
From there, you can branch off the subtopics
with other supporting ideas.

14. 2. Clustering or Mapping

15. Using Pre-Writing Strategies
Ways to find your writing topic:
3. Freewriting
0 Writing down your thoughts nonstop, in the
exact order, language, and form in that you
think them.
0 Write as quickly as you can to create constant
momentum for your thoughts to keep on
flowing.

16. 3. Freewriting

17. Journal Writing
A good way to sustain writing practice is the
habit of your journal writing.
Journal is “a book in which you write down
your personal experiences and thoughts”
(Merriam-Webster)
Things you will ever need in journal writing:
0 favorite pen
0 a nice clean notebook
0 the drive to keep on writing

18. Application
A. Use a pre-writing strategy specified in the
parentheses to narrow it down to several topics.
1. Social media (brainstorming)
2. Summer vacation (mapping)

19. Rodriguez, Maxine Rafaella C. and Marella
Therese A. Tiongson. 2016. Reading and Writing
Skills. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.