This document summarizes urogenital development and sex determination in humans. It describes the indifferent stage of development from 0-7 weeks when gross morphological differences are not observed. Sex determination begins at fertilization, with females typically being 46,XX and males 46,XY. The presence of the Y chromosome determines the male phenotype in mammals. SRY, a gene on the Y chromosome, encodes a protein that acts as a master switch, initiating male sexual development when expressed in developing gonads.