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Urban transport

The document discusses transportation modeling and proposes improvements to public transportation between several zones in Selangor, Malaysia. It analyzes population data, trip generation rates, and existing transportation infrastructure to develop an origin-destination matrix and transportation model. Recommendations include expanding rail and bus services, improving pedestrian infrastructure, implementing parking management strategies, and classifying urban areas as traffic restraint zones to encourage public transit use and reduce congestion. A proposed LRT expansion and upgrades to existing bus services are estimated to increase passenger rates by 2025.

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NORAZUIN BT JAWARI P55723 NURHAFIZA BT MOHD HASSIM P60144 NORIZZA SYAFIQAH BT BAHRIN P65408
TRANSPORTATION •Major impact on the economic development of cities and region. •Advances in transportation changes in the way of living and great influenced in development of civilization. •Public transportation contributed in the shaping of town. •Areas with efficient public transport are economically thriving and can offer advantageous for businesses and individuals to work or live in.
KAJANG PUTRAJAYA BANGI NILAI BANDAR SRI PUTRA
KTM KOMUTER -NILAI -BANGI -UKM -KAJANG BUS -NILAI ERL EXISTING BANGI TRANSPORTATION -NILAI KAJANG -PUTRAJAYA PUTRAJAYA TAXIS -NILAI -BANDAR SRI PUTRA -BANGI -KAJANG -PUTRAJAYA
NILAI PUTRAJAYA BANDAR SRI PUTRA BANGI HIGHWAY NILAI BANGI KAJANG KAJANG PUTRAJAYA KAJANG PUTRAJAYA KAJANG PUTRAJAYA
KTM-KOMUTER Improve on time punctualities with less delays • Longer coaches with exclusive coach for ladies. • more comfortable to travel and provided with wifi services
• Connected both Bandar Baru Bangi and Kajang • More bus routes services provided (Genting, Johor,Kedaha and etc. • Located near to UKM KTM station • Located at the center of Pekan Kajang.
Less public trasnportation available here. Only taxis and mini buses Provide more services with better time punctualites
TRANSPORT MODELING  Trip generation  Determines the frequency of origins or destinations of trips in each zone by trip purpose, as a function of land uses and household demographics, and other socio-economic factors.  Trip distribution  Matches origins with destinations, often using a gravity model function, equivalent to an entropy maximizing model.  Modal split  Computes the proportion of trips between each origin and destination that use a particular transportation mode.  Trip assignment  Allocates trips between an origin and destination by a particular mode to a route.
POPULATION FOR EACH ZONE ZONE POPULATION Kajang 448243 Bandar Baru Bangi 116745 Putrajaya 62457 Bandar Seri Putra 71683 Nilai 38612
PRODUCTION AND ATTRACTION ZONE RESIDENTIAL UNIT PRODUCTION RATE PRODUCTION Kajang 448243 0.65 291358 Bandar Baru Bangi 116745 0.65 75884 Putrajaya 62457 0.65 40597 Bandar Seri Putra 71683 0.65 46594 Nilai 38612 0.65 25098
PRODUCTION AND ATTRACTION ZONE RESIDENTIAL UNIT ATTRACTION RATE ATTRACTION Kajang 448243 0.75 336182 Bandar Baru Bangi 116745 0.72 84056 Putrajaya 62457 0.72 44969 Bandar Seri Putra 71683 0.49 35125 Nilai 38612 0.72 27801
ADJUSTED PRODUCTION AND ATTRACTION ZONE PRODUCTION ATTRACTION Kajang 291358 336182 Bandar Baru Bangi 75884 84056 Putrajaya 40597 44969 Bandar Seri Putra 46594 35125 Nilai 25098 27801 TOTAL 479531 528133 AVERAGE 503832
ADJUSTED PRODUCTION AND ATTRACTION ZONE PRODUCTION ATTRACTION Kajang 306123 320713 Bandar Baru Bangi 79730 80189 Putrajaya 42654 42900 Bandar Seri Putra 48955 33508 Nilai 26370 26521 TOTAL 503832 503832 AVERAGE 503832
TRIP PATTERN ( O – D ) MATRIX Bandar Baru Bandar Seri ZONE Kajang Putrajaya Nilai PRODUCTION Bangi Putra Kajang 194862 48722 26066 20359 16114 306123 Bandar Baru 50752 12690 6789 5303 4197 79730 Bangi Putrajaya 27152 6789 3632 2837 2245 42654 Bandar Seri 31162 7792 4168 3256 2577 48955 Putra Nilai 16786 4197 2245 1754 1388 26370 ATTRACTION 320713 80189 42900 33508 26521 503832
TRIP ASSIGNMENT Bandar Baru Bandar Seri ZONE Kajang Putrajaya Nilai Bangi Putra Kajang 48722 26066 20359 16114 Bandar Baru 50752 6789 5303 4197 Bangi Putrajaya 27152 6789 2837 2245 Bandar Seri 31162 7792 4168 2577 Putra Nilai 16786 4197 2245 1754
Trip Distribution Diagram 125851 Kajang 111261 Bandar 93877 Baru Bangi 78827 Putrajaya 66350 51055 Bandar Seri Putra 25133 48955 Nilai
Policy Changes And Recommended Action Plan
Government Funding Gives funding to local transport services. In order to maintain and improve the infrastructure. Mobility and Traffic Laws Management To ensure to be Aims that by 2025,more successfully than half commuting trip implemented. made via public transport. Mobility centers will be set Policy Ensure all buses uses NGV or non up to coordinate all transportation Changes polluting and low emission fuel to infrastructure. minimized pollutant. Improving road signage Parking Management and and road safety. Park-And-Ride System More be built at origins rather than destination. Parking tickets at a very minimum and reasonable price to maintain continuous support. Safe and secure environment for parked vehicle.
•More car parks be built at origin rather than destination. •Play an important role as it can be integrated with public transport park-and-ride system •Provide real time information on parking space availability •Safe and secure environment in the parking spaces • Urban areas classified as traffic restrain zone • entering fee will be charged to ensure those who choose will Can drive in stress free environment Discourage private car use Reducing road congestion
Improvement on pedestrian path and walkway •Increase the safety of pedestrian • summons to be issued for those who cross zebra crossing without stopping (enforce law) •Beautify and add in more landscape with it •Implement green pedestrian •Latest improvement was air conditioned KLCC-Bukit Bintang Walkway
 Proposed in 2010, fully operational in 2016  Expected to serve on population of 1.2 mil  Total length of 150 km, with 31 stations and 16 incorporating with park-and- ride system  Integration with existing Kajang Komuter Station
LRT AND BRT COST ESTIMATION CONCLUSION
*Generate a new stretch for LRT to link 2020 : LRT 2020: Bus services the town. passenger 40 % 1.7 % incremental incremental only *For bus services, the service upgrading into good condition
OVERALL PROPOSED ALIGNMENT OF KAJANG – BANGI – PUTRAJAYA – BANDAR SERI PUTRA – NILAI 3 Park FEEDER FEEDER N BUS BUS Ride KAJANG 15 KM Integrated with KTM KOMUTER Park FEEDER N BUS 13 KM Ride PUTRAJAYA Integrated with KLIA (ERL) FEEDER BUS 28 KM BANGI FEEDER Park LRT Monorail Integrate with BUS N Elevated BRT Ride LEGENDS BANDAR SERI PUTRA X LRT MONORAIL X ELEVATED BRT LINE INTEGRATED STATION FEEDER NILAI 3 BUS STATION NILAI Integrated with KTM KOMUTER
DESIGN DATA FOR LRT MONORAIL  speed - up to 60km/hr  capacity – up to 40,000 passengers/hr/dir  suitable for radial movement and for high density and high plot ratio area  relatively smooth and comfortable operation, easy boarding, attractive stations, and easy- to-understand routes and schedules  facilities for disabled are functionality
DESIGN DATA FOR BUS RAPID TRANSIT  Distance between Putrajaya – Kajang - Nilai: 29 km.  Seats : 60 pass., standees: 25 pass.  Travel Time = 50 minutes.  headway = max.30 minutes.  Average of passenger = 23039 pass./day  Hours of job: 18 hr. (6:00am-12:00am).  Time of stopping at terminal :5 minutes.  Growth Rate : 1.74%  Elevated BRT for decrease land acquisition
PROPOSED INTEGRATED STATION PUTRAJAYA STATION KLIA ERL INTEGRATED WITH PROPOSED LRT MONORAIL & ELEVATED BRT Sources : Elevated BRT Sunway Line, 2012 KAJANG STATION PROPOSED LRT MONORAIL INTEGRATED WITH PROPOSED ELEVATED BRT BANGI STATION PROPOSED ELEVATED BRT INTEGRATED WITH PROPOSED LRT MONORAIL NILAI STATION KTM KOMUTER INTEGRATED WITH PROPOSED LRT MONORAIL Sources : Elevated BRT Sunway Line, 2012
Low Space SPEED? Utilization? PROPOSED LRT MONORAIL MINIMAL LAND OPERATE ACQUISITION? WITHOUT A DRIVER? SAFETY? LESS Sources : Dean Heaton Mobile Hairdressing, 2008 Environmental STOP? High Capacity? Quality And Conservation?
Maximize Passenger RIDERSHIP? Demand? MINIMAL LAND Sources : Elevated BRT Sunway Line, 2012 ACQUISITION? Constructability Aesthetic Value? PROPOSED ELEVATED BUS RAPID TRANSIT (BRT)
SUSTAINABLE ELECTRIC BUS
SIDE PLATFORM STATION
PEDESTRIAN CROSSING & SUSTAINABLE WALKWAY
BRT –SIDE PLATFORM ELEVATED HALT OPTION -02 PEDESTRIAN CROSSING AT GROUND LEVEL PLATFORM LEVEL PLAN
COST ESTIMATION LRT MONORAIL  For five heavy LRT lines, the estimated cost = RM 50 mil/km  From Purtajaya – Bangi – Nilai = 28 km  Construction cost = RM 1.4 Billion ELEVATED BRT  For Elevated Bus Rapid Transit = RM50 mil/km  From Putrajaya-Kajang-Bangi = 29 km  Total estimated cost = RM 1.45 Billion
CONCLUSION  From our point of personal view that most of people prefer to use the train compare with the bus for the following reasons: * Not to waste time on the road by the congestion . * Uniform time by using the train. * Easy to use train. * Comfort in long-distance. * Easy to access to needed destination. * Life span of the train. * Train serves the large number of passengers.  Finally, from the previous calculations and the estimated costs of the project, we found that the option of using buses is the best economically as we can used it on the same current roads also for lower operating costs compared to use the train, if the design was subject to the conditions established in the calculations of the trip distributions .
THANK YOU
REFERENCES http://aibob.blogspot.com/2012/01/vintage-and-rare-photos-of-kuala-lumpur.html http://www.mymrt.com.my/ http://www.mrt.com.my/ http://malaysiafactbook.com/Maju_Expressway http://tripwow.tripadvisor.com/slideshow-photo/shaded-walkway-san-michele-anacapri-by-travelpod-member-everardt- curinga-italy.html?sid=10970492&fid=tp-14 http://www.jpm.gov.my/post/modules/pajpm/vbulletin.php?page=19&bulletin_id=150 http://www.nst.com.my/streets/central/driving-through-zebra-crossings-1.67695 Sources : Elevated BRT Sunway Line, 2012 Bus Rapid Transit Design Guidelines via transit sustainability policies THAMIZH ARASAN &VEDAGIRI- Modelling Modal Shift from Personal Vehicles to Bus on Introduction ofBus Priority Measure. K.Fedra-Sustainable Urban Transportation:A model-based approach. Masanobu &Hanaoka: COMPARISON OF SUSTAINABILITY BETWEEN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT CONSIDERING URBAN STRUCTURE-2003 Parsons Brincker- Improving The Pedestrian Environment Nikki Laffel- Promoting Public Transportation for Sustainable Development,May 2006 NPTEL-Role of transportation in society-May 2004 Reid Ewig-Pedestrian And Transit Friendly Design Hiroya Fujimoto-The Modal Shift to Environmentally Sustainble Transport prospects of Urban Transport Systems: LRT,BRT and Buses.

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Urban transport

  • 1.
    NORAZUIN BT JAWARI P55723 NURHAFIZA BT MOHD HASSIM P60144 NORIZZA SYAFIQAH BT BAHRIN P65408
  • 2.
    TRANSPORTATION •Major impact onthe economic development of cities and region. •Advances in transportation changes in the way of living and great influenced in development of civilization. •Public transportation contributed in the shaping of town. •Areas with efficient public transport are economically thriving and can offer advantageous for businesses and individuals to work or live in.
  • 3.
    KAJANG PUTRAJAYA BANGI NILAI BANDAR SRI PUTRA
  • 4.
    KTM KOMUTER -NILAI -BANGI -UKM -KAJANG BUS -NILAI ERL EXISTING BANGI TRANSPORTATION -NILAI KAJANG -PUTRAJAYA PUTRAJAYA TAXIS -NILAI -BANDAR SRI PUTRA -BANGI -KAJANG -PUTRAJAYA
  • 5.
    NILAI PUTRAJAYA BANDAR SRI PUTRA BANGI HIGHWAY NILAI BANGI KAJANG KAJANG PUTRAJAYA KAJANG PUTRAJAYA KAJANG PUTRAJAYA
  • 7.
    KTM-KOMUTER Improve ontime punctualities with less delays • Longer coaches with exclusive coach for ladies. • more comfortable to travel and provided with wifi services
  • 8.
    • Connected bothBandar Baru Bangi and Kajang • More bus routes services provided (Genting, Johor,Kedaha and etc. • Located near to UKM KTM station • Located at the center of Pekan Kajang.
  • 10.
    Less public trasnportationavailable here. Only taxis and mini buses Provide more services with better time punctualites
  • 12.
    TRANSPORT MODELING  Trip generation  Determines the frequency of origins or destinations of trips in each zone by trip purpose, as a function of land uses and household demographics, and other socio-economic factors.  Trip distribution  Matches origins with destinations, often using a gravity model function, equivalent to an entropy maximizing model.  Modal split  Computes the proportion of trips between each origin and destination that use a particular transportation mode.  Trip assignment  Allocates trips between an origin and destination by a particular mode to a route.
  • 13.
    POPULATION FOR EACHZONE ZONE POPULATION Kajang 448243 Bandar Baru Bangi 116745 Putrajaya 62457 Bandar Seri Putra 71683 Nilai 38612
  • 14.
    PRODUCTION AND ATTRACTION ZONE RESIDENTIAL UNIT PRODUCTION RATE PRODUCTION Kajang 448243 0.65 291358 Bandar Baru Bangi 116745 0.65 75884 Putrajaya 62457 0.65 40597 Bandar Seri Putra 71683 0.65 46594 Nilai 38612 0.65 25098
  • 15.
    PRODUCTION AND ATTRACTION ZONE RESIDENTIAL UNIT ATTRACTION RATE ATTRACTION Kajang 448243 0.75 336182 Bandar Baru Bangi 116745 0.72 84056 Putrajaya 62457 0.72 44969 Bandar Seri Putra 71683 0.49 35125 Nilai 38612 0.72 27801
  • 16.
    ADJUSTED PRODUCTION AND ATTRACTION ZONE PRODUCTION ATTRACTION Kajang 291358 336182 Bandar Baru Bangi 75884 84056 Putrajaya 40597 44969 Bandar Seri Putra 46594 35125 Nilai 25098 27801 TOTAL 479531 528133 AVERAGE 503832
  • 17.
    ADJUSTED PRODUCTION AND ATTRACTION ZONE PRODUCTION ATTRACTION Kajang 306123 320713 Bandar Baru Bangi 79730 80189 Putrajaya 42654 42900 Bandar Seri Putra 48955 33508 Nilai 26370 26521 TOTAL 503832 503832 AVERAGE 503832
  • 18.
    TRIP PATTERN (O – D ) MATRIX Bandar Baru Bandar Seri ZONE Kajang Putrajaya Nilai PRODUCTION Bangi Putra Kajang 194862 48722 26066 20359 16114 306123 Bandar Baru 50752 12690 6789 5303 4197 79730 Bangi Putrajaya 27152 6789 3632 2837 2245 42654 Bandar Seri 31162 7792 4168 3256 2577 48955 Putra Nilai 16786 4197 2245 1754 1388 26370 ATTRACTION 320713 80189 42900 33508 26521 503832
  • 19.
    TRIP ASSIGNMENT Bandar Baru Bandar Seri ZONE Kajang Putrajaya Nilai Bangi Putra Kajang 48722 26066 20359 16114 Bandar Baru 50752 6789 5303 4197 Bangi Putrajaya 27152 6789 2837 2245 Bandar Seri 31162 7792 4168 2577 Putra Nilai 16786 4197 2245 1754
  • 20.
    Trip Distribution Diagram 125851 Kajang 111261 Bandar 93877 Baru Bangi 78827 Putrajaya 66350 51055 Bandar Seri Putra 25133 48955 Nilai
  • 21.
  • 22.
    Government Funding Gives funding to local transport services. In order to maintain and improve the infrastructure. Mobility and Traffic Laws Management To ensure to be Aims that by 2025,more successfully than half commuting trip implemented. made via public transport. Mobility centers will be set Policy Ensure all buses uses NGV or non up to coordinate all transportation Changes polluting and low emission fuel to infrastructure. minimized pollutant. Improving road signage Parking Management and and road safety. Park-And-Ride System More be built at origins rather than destination. Parking tickets at a very minimum and reasonable price to maintain continuous support. Safe and secure environment for parked vehicle.
  • 23.
    •More car parksbe built at origin rather than destination. •Play an important role as it can be integrated with public transport park-and-ride system •Provide real time information on parking space availability •Safe and secure environment in the parking spaces • Urban areas classified as traffic restrain zone • entering fee will be charged to ensure those who choose will Can drive in stress free environment Discourage private car use Reducing road congestion
  • 24.
    Improvement on pedestrianpath and walkway •Increase the safety of pedestrian • summons to be issued for those who cross zebra crossing without stopping (enforce law) •Beautify and add in more landscape with it •Implement green pedestrian •Latest improvement was air conditioned KLCC-Bukit Bintang Walkway
  • 25.
    Proposed in 2010, fully operational in 2016  Expected to serve on population of 1.2 mil  Total length of 150 km, with 31 stations and 16 incorporating with park-and- ride system  Integration with existing Kajang Komuter Station
  • 26.
    LRT AND BRT COSTESTIMATION CONCLUSION
  • 27.
    *Generate a new stretch for LRT to link 2020 : LRT 2020: Bus services the town. passenger 40 % 1.7 % incremental incremental only *For bus services, the service upgrading into good condition
  • 28.
    OVERALL PROPOSED ALIGNMENTOF KAJANG – BANGI – PUTRAJAYA – BANDAR SERI PUTRA – NILAI 3 Park FEEDER FEEDER N BUS BUS Ride KAJANG 15 KM Integrated with KTM KOMUTER Park FEEDER N BUS 13 KM Ride PUTRAJAYA Integrated with KLIA (ERL) FEEDER BUS 28 KM BANGI FEEDER Park LRT Monorail Integrate with BUS N Elevated BRT Ride LEGENDS BANDAR SERI PUTRA X LRT MONORAIL X ELEVATED BRT LINE INTEGRATED STATION FEEDER NILAI 3 BUS STATION NILAI Integrated with KTM KOMUTER
  • 29.
    DESIGN DATA FORLRT MONORAIL  speed - up to 60km/hr  capacity – up to 40,000 passengers/hr/dir  suitable for radial movement and for high density and high plot ratio area  relatively smooth and comfortable operation, easy boarding, attractive stations, and easy- to-understand routes and schedules  facilities for disabled are functionality
  • 30.
    DESIGN DATA FORBUS RAPID TRANSIT  Distance between Putrajaya – Kajang - Nilai: 29 km.  Seats : 60 pass., standees: 25 pass.  Travel Time = 50 minutes.  headway = max.30 minutes.  Average of passenger = 23039 pass./day  Hours of job: 18 hr. (6:00am-12:00am).  Time of stopping at terminal :5 minutes.  Growth Rate : 1.74%  Elevated BRT for decrease land acquisition
  • 31.
    PROPOSED INTEGRATED STATION PUTRAJAYA STATION KLIA ERL INTEGRATED WITH PROPOSED LRT MONORAIL & ELEVATED BRT Sources : Elevated BRT Sunway Line, 2012 KAJANG STATION PROPOSED LRT MONORAIL INTEGRATED WITH PROPOSED ELEVATED BRT BANGI STATION PROPOSED ELEVATED BRT INTEGRATED WITH PROPOSED LRT MONORAIL NILAI STATION KTM KOMUTER INTEGRATED WITH PROPOSED LRT MONORAIL Sources : Elevated BRT Sunway Line, 2012
  • 32.
    Low Space SPEED? Utilization? PROPOSED LRT MONORAIL MINIMAL LAND OPERATE ACQUISITION? WITHOUT A DRIVER? SAFETY? LESS Sources : Dean Heaton Mobile Hairdressing, 2008 Environmental STOP? High Capacity? Quality And Conservation?
  • 33.
    Maximize Passenger RIDERSHIP? Demand? MINIMAL LAND Sources : Elevated BRT Sunway Line, 2012 ACQUISITION? Constructability Aesthetic Value? PROPOSED ELEVATED BUS RAPID TRANSIT (BRT)
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
    BRT –SIDE PLATFORMELEVATED HALT OPTION -02 PEDESTRIAN CROSSING AT GROUND LEVEL PLATFORM LEVEL PLAN
  • 38.
    COST ESTIMATION LRT MONORAIL  For five heavy LRT lines, the estimated cost = RM 50 mil/km  From Purtajaya – Bangi – Nilai = 28 km  Construction cost = RM 1.4 Billion ELEVATED BRT  For Elevated Bus Rapid Transit = RM50 mil/km  From Putrajaya-Kajang-Bangi = 29 km  Total estimated cost = RM 1.45 Billion
  • 39.
    CONCLUSION  From our point of personal view that most of people prefer to use the train compare with the bus for the following reasons: * Not to waste time on the road by the congestion . * Uniform time by using the train. * Easy to use train. * Comfort in long-distance. * Easy to access to needed destination. * Life span of the train. * Train serves the large number of passengers.  Finally, from the previous calculations and the estimated costs of the project, we found that the option of using buses is the best economically as we can used it on the same current roads also for lower operating costs compared to use the train, if the design was subject to the conditions established in the calculations of the trip distributions .
  • 40.
  • 41.
    REFERENCES http://aibob.blogspot.com/2012/01/vintage-and-rare-photos-of-kuala-lumpur.html http://www.mymrt.com.my/ http://www.mrt.com.my/ http://malaysiafactbook.com/Maju_Expressway http://tripwow.tripadvisor.com/slideshow-photo/shaded-walkway-san-michele-anacapri-by-travelpod-member-everardt- curinga-italy.html?sid=10970492&fid=tp-14 http://www.jpm.gov.my/post/modules/pajpm/vbulletin.php?page=19&bulletin_id=150 http://www.nst.com.my/streets/central/driving-through-zebra-crossings-1.67695 Sources : ElevatedBRT Sunway Line, 2012 Bus Rapid Transit Design Guidelines via transit sustainability policies THAMIZH ARASAN &VEDAGIRI- Modelling Modal Shift from Personal Vehicles to Bus on Introduction ofBus Priority Measure. K.Fedra-Sustainable Urban Transportation:A model-based approach. Masanobu &Hanaoka: COMPARISON OF SUSTAINABILITY BETWEEN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT CONSIDERING URBAN STRUCTURE-2003 Parsons Brincker- Improving The Pedestrian Environment Nikki Laffel- Promoting Public Transportation for Sustainable Development,May 2006 NPTEL-Role of transportation in society-May 2004 Reid Ewig-Pedestrian And Transit Friendly Design Hiroya Fujimoto-The Modal Shift to Environmentally Sustainble Transport prospects of Urban Transport Systems: LRT,BRT and Buses.