History and development of a town in Central Java, Indonesia.

1. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

2. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011
KEDU

3. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011
The earliest notice of Kedu was in the Kartasura era as part of the royal domain
(negarigung), which was lent to members of the aristocracy.
The land was divided into two by the river Praga which runs in north-south
direction, and known as Siti Bumi and Bumija, each under two adipatis.
In 1810, Kedu was delivered to the Colonial Government and in 1818
administered under a Dutch Resident, assisted by two Javanese regents
(Bupati). KRT Danuningrat in Magelang and KRTA Sumadilaga in Jetis
(Parakan).
At the end of Java War (1825-1830), the boundaries between the two regencies
changed from west and east into north and south halves.
More important, the seat of the Bupati was moved from Jetis/ Parakan to
Temanggung in 1825, following the murder of its Regent.

4. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

5. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011
PARAKAN
It is safely assumed that the Chinese came to the region as early as 18C,
mostly holding and managing the various toll and levies (pacht).
The oldest artefact is a tombstone belonging to Lady Sie neé Siauw, who
passed away in 1807.
When the regency was moved to safer Temanggung in 1825, the Chinese
community, which was already considerable, stayed in Parakan.
However, the urban center moved 600 m. eastward, closer to the kademangan.
And the modern Parakan is born!
A community administrator (officier) was established in 1837, and a temple
(klenteng) was built in 1842.

6. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

7. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011
Urban
axis

8. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

9. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011
Social Stratification in Colonial Java
Vreemde Oosterlingen
(Non-European Foreigners)
Commoners – Wong Cilik
European Officers Royal Family
Native Bureaucracy
(Priyayi Alit/ Cilik)

10. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011
Reign of Jia Qing (1796-1820)VOC Downfall and bankruptcy1800
Reign of Dao Guang (1721-1850)
Hong Xiuquan Rebellion (1820-1840)
The Java War (1825-1830)1825
Opium War (1840-1860)
Dutch Modern Colnialism and
Cultuurstelsel (1830-1870)1840
Supremacy of the Royal Mother
(1874)
Economic Liberation (1870)1870
Disintegration of the Qing Empire
The rise of modern nationalism
Intense communication with China
Qing Empire acknowledged Chinese
overseas
Reign of Jia Qing (1796-1820)Bankruptcy and fall of VOC1800
HISTORICAL TIME LINE: JAVA - CHINA

11. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011
House A
There is no authentic record on the time of the
building. The late owner only said that this
house was built by his great grandfather who
passed away in 1854, according to the
hoenpeh that was kept by the family. So it's
safe to assume that this house was built before
1850, perhaps even before 1840.
The house is situated far west of Parakan, just
200 m. from Jetis, the old Kadipaten, so the
area might be the old Chinese quarter.
The present owner is of the sixth generation.

12. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

13. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

14. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

15. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011
House B
All we know is that this house was part of
family inheritance in the 1890's. It must be built
between 1864, the year of the death of the
totok grandfather and 1890.
The compound consists of three buildings in
line with their axis forming a straight corridor,
which is quite unusual to both Javanese and
Chinese.
The inner corridors are designed in an arch,
also an alien feature in Java. This is Indisch
architecture at its best!

16. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

17. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

18. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

19. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011
House C
The only one with authentication. This vast
family house was finished in the 1905,
according to the date found on a congratulatory
board-pair (twie lian).
The present building was renovated in the
2006, and became the best preserved Chinese
house in Parakan.

20. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

21. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

22. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

23. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011
House D
What we see today is the result of a massive
rebuilding of the main building in the last
decade of the 19C. The owner has just came
back from China to attend to his father's death.
This compound is extensive, behind the main
building there are three more building behind it
in a row.

24. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

25. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

26. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

27. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

28. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011

29. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011
UP TO MID 19C Local Javanese influences in layout
Society's elite was the Javanese Adhipati
Almost no European was present in Parakan
SUMMARY
1850-1890 The rise of the Indisch eclectic style
Development of public infrastructure, along with crop
transportation
Regional communication and interaction
1890-1930 Imitation of Chinese architecture
New awareness and pride of becoming Chinese
Globalization

30. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011
Regional history and social changes left deep impression
on people's perception of social stratification.
CONCLUSIONS
The importance of researching local history in
understanding architectural and urban heritage.
Only the middle-class people could afford to aspire to their
ideals architecturally.

31. Social Aspiration and Architectural Manifestation
The Chinese of Parakan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Sutrisno Murtiyoso Urban Heritage – Yogyakarta March, 30 2011
Let's call it a day!