This document discusses road transportation in India. It provides statistics on India's road network expansion over time and increasing vehicle numbers. Road transportation now accounts for most freight and passenger traffic compared to rail. However, road safety is a major issue, with over 130,000 deaths annually from accidents. Key challenges include lack of emergency response, vulnerable road users, and lack of enforcement of traffic laws. The document outlines various acts and regulations governing road use and penalties for violations. It also discusses the district road safety committee structure for monitoring accidents.

1. UNDERSTANDING ROAD TRAFFIC VIOLATION
By
Er. Dipti Ranjan Patra,OTES(I)SB
Regional Transport Officer, Cuttack

2. India has the second largest
road network in the world
India’s Road Network has
expanded from ~4 lac km in
1951 to ~47 lac km in 2011
India has a road density
1.42km/sq.km., which is the
densest for a country of this
size and compares favourably
with other middle-income and
emerging countries
ROAD TRANSPORT IN INDIA: INFRASTRUCTURE

3. The last two decades have seen a dramatic increase in the
overall number of vehicles used for road transport in India
The total number of vehicles is expected to increase 3-4x to
500-600 million by 2030
ROAD TRANSPORT IN INDIA: VEHICLES
21
Million
(1991)
142
Million
(2011)
14
Million
(1991)
102
Million
(2011)
All Vehicles 2-Wheelers

4. ROAD TRANSPORT IN INDIA: ROAD & RAIL
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1950-51 2010-11
Rail
Road
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1950-51 2010-11
Rail
Road
Freight Traffic Passenger Traffic
In last 60 years, the road sector has seen:
The share of freight traffic increase from 10 to 69%
The share of passenger traffic increase from 30 to 90%

5. ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR – Issues & Challenges

6. PER DAY
UN-
NATURAL
DEATHS
ROAD ACCIDENTS
Source: National Crime Records Bureau ADSI 2012
ROAD SAFETY SCENARIO IN INDIA

7. 105,000
110,000
115,000
120,000
125,000
130,000
135,000
140,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
No. of Road Accidents
ROAD SAFETY SCENARIO IN INDIA

8. 15
1
5
20
0
Children (<14 yrs) are killed every
day in road accidents in India
People are killed
every
hour in road accidents
in India
Million people were seriously
Injured or disabled
in road accidents
in India in the past decade
Million
people died in road
accidents in India in the past
decade
3%
Annual GDP loss to India
due to road accidents
Statutes to protect
children on the road

9. 70
300
120
5
600
Thousand +
two wheeler riders died in the past
decade
Thousand people can be
saved every year with timely
emergency medical care
Thousand +
Vulnerable road users
killed in road accidents
in the past decade
Thousand + people died in bus
crashes from just 5 states in India in 2012
2001
The year in which
MVA was updated
Thousand + pedestrians died in
road accidents in the past decade

10. The average vehicular speeds on India’s highways is significantly less than
the global average, yet the number of deaths is higher by comparison
HIGHWAY SPEEDS AND ROAD SAFETY
19
14
13
12
6
4
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Death rate per 100,000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
India Global average
Average truck speed kmph
30-55
60-140
Action required – road safety, speeds, and traffic conditions need improvement
Source: WorldLifeExpectancy.Com -
2011 , Deloitte research report - 2012

11. ROAD TRANSPORT LEGISLATIONS

12. MV LAWS IN INDIA
 The Motor Vehicles Act,1988
 The Central Motor Vehicles Rule,1989
 The Odisha Motor Vehicles Rule,1993
 The Odisha Motor Vehicles Taxation Act,1975
 The Odisha Motor Vehicle Taxation Rules,1976
 The Motor Vehicles(Driving)Regulations, 2017

13. Sl
no
Act Governed by Chapter/section Schedul
e
1 MV ACT,1988 Central
Government
14 chapter/217
section
2
2 CMV Rules,1989 Central
Government
8 chapter/164
Rules
-
3 OMV Rules,1993 State Government 8 chapter/181
Rules
7
4 OMVT Act,1975 State Government 24 section 2
5 OMVT Rules,1976 State Government 27 Rules
6 The Motor
Vehicles(Driving)
Regulations, 2017
Central
Government
40 paras

14. MV ACT,1988
Chpate
r
Name sections
I Preliminary 2
II Licensing of Drivers of Motor Vehicles 26 (3-28)
III Licensing of Conductors of Stage Carriage 10 (29-38)
IV Registration of Motor Vehicles 27 (39-65)
V Control of Transport Vehicles 31 (66-96)
VI Special Provision relates to STU 12 (97-108)
VII Construction, Equipment & Maintenance of Motor
Vehicles
3 (109-111)
VIII Control of Traffic 27 (112-138)
IX Motor Vehicle Temporarily leaving or Visiting India 1 (139)
X Liability without fault in certain cases 5 (140-144)
XI Insurance of Motor Vehicles against third party Risks 20 (145-164)
XII Claims Tribunal 12 (165-176)
XIII Offence, Penalties & Procedure 34 (177-210)
XIV Miscellaneous 7 (211-217)

15. THE MOTOR VEHICLES(DRIVING)REGULATIONS, 2017
 It repeals the earlier Rules of the Road Regulations, 1989
 Motor vehicle driving regulation 2017 has introduced 40 new
rules to be followed throughout the country wef 23rd June 2017
 these rules are framed regarding usage of vehicles, duties of driver
and passenger, rights of pedestrians, allowing 2 wheelers to move
forward in lane and some more others.
 As per new rules and regulations, if the number plate of a vehicle is
not visible it cannot be parked at any public place. The numbers
must be completely visible, unclear and dirty number plates with
numbers covered with mud or dirt cannot be parked at public place.
 Maximum speed of a vehicle in city limits is now fixed at 40 km/hr.
If a two-wheeler goes out of order, it cannot be towed by other
vehicle. Two wheelers must be given space between 3 or 4
wheelers on the road. Anyone not abiding by these rules will be
liable to pay penalty or even be sent behind bars.

16.  Tractor drivers are not to allow any other person on their
tractor. Heavy transport vehicle drivers are also under
strict regulations as per which they cannot allow more
people in the cabin than what is prescribed on the
registration certificate of the vehicle.
 Pedestrians have to be given priority. For any
uncontrolled pedestrian crossing, it is important that the
vehicles slow down and stop to allow pedestrians and
other physically disabled to cross the road with ease and
safety with wheel chairs or other carts for the disabled.
 If any 4 wheeler goes out of order and needs to be
towed, then the towing vehicle speed cannot be more
than 25 km/hr. The distance between the towing
vehicle and the towed must not be more than 5 metres.
The rope or chain pulling the vehicle must be clearly
visible. While towing, both vehicles must have
their emergency lights on.
 Any fog light can be used only when visibility on the
road is extremely affected by fog, dust, storm, rain or
snow.

17. ROAD ACCIDENT SCENARIO OF INDIA
 More than 1.3 lakh people died on Indian roads, giving India the
dubious honor of topping the list of road deaths across the world.
 Until 2 years ago, the International Road Federation placed India
second behind China.
 China has managed to reduce the number of road deaths from over
100,000 to 90,000 or so, and in India the situation has worsened.
 With just 1% of the world's vehicles, India manages to account for
10% of its road fatalities, up from 8% at last count.
 In the United States, which has close to 300 million people and more
than 250 million vehicles, the number of deaths per 10,000 vehicles is
1.6, while in India this number, known as the “road fatality rate,” is as
high as 14.
 Worldwide an estimated 3247 people are killed every day and it is the
second leading cause of death among people aged 5−29 years.
 RTA injures or disables between 20 million and 50 million people a
year.

18.  RTA ranks as the 11th leading cause of death and accounts for
2.1% of all deaths globally.
 90% of the RTA deaths occur in the low income and middle
income countries.
 More than half of all RTA deaths among young adults between
15 and 44 years of age and 73% of all the RTA fatalities are
males.
 The most vulnerable road users are pedestrians, cyclists, two-
wheeler riders, and passengers on public transport.
 RTA injuries are becoming the third largest contributor to the
global burden of diseases by 2020.
 RTA deaths are predicted to increase by 83% in developing
countries and to decrease by 27% in the developed countries.
 It is estimated that every year RTA costs billions of rupees
globally and nationally. An RTA injury puts significant strain on
health care budgets.

19. TRAFFIC OFFENCES & PENAL SECTIONS
SL.
No.
Penal
Section
Offence Compoundabl
e or Non
Compoundabl
e
Fine Amount imprison
ment
imprisonment
duration
1st
offence
2nd
offence
min max
1 177 Offence for which no fine has not been prescribed
under MV Act
Compoundable ₹ 100 ₹ 300 NO
2 178(1) Travelling without Ticket Compoundable ₹ 500 ₹ 500 NO
3 178(2) conductor not giving ticket/not taking fare/giving
invalid ticket/ticket of lesser value
Compoundable ₹ 500 ₹ 500 NO
4 178(3) Contract carriage (Taxi) refusing to carry passenger Compoundable ₹ 200 ₹ 200 NO
5 178(3) Motor Cycle (Taxi)/Auto Rickshaw refusing to carry
passenger
Compoundable ₹ 50 ₹ 50 NO
6 179(1) disobedience of order,obstruction & refusal for giving
Information
Compoundable ₹ 500 ₹ 500 NO
7 179(2) not giving information or wilfully giving wrong
information
Compoundable ₹ 500 ₹ 500 YES 1 month
8 180 owner allowing un authorised person to drive Compoundable ₹ 1,000 ₹ 1,000 YES 3 month
9 181 driving without DL or expired DL or improper COV DL Compoundable ₹ 500 ₹ 500 YES 3 month
10 182(1) Driver driving during suspension period Compoundable ₹ 500 ₹ 500 YES 3 month
11 182(2) Conductor performing duty during suspension period Compoundable ₹ 100 ₹ 100 YES 1 month
12 182 A non maintenance of Vehicle Compoundable ₹ 1,000 ₹ 5,000 NO
13 183(1) Driving at Excess speed Compoundable ₹ 400 ₹ 1,000 NO
14 183(2) Owner motivating the driver to drive in excess speed Compoundable ₹ 300 ₹ 500 NO
15 184 Driving dangerously Compoundable ₹ 1,000 ₹ 2,000 YES 6 month 2 Year
16 185 Drunken Driving (alcohol > 30 mg per 100 Ml) Non
Compoundable
₹ 2,000 ₹ 3,000 YES 6 month 2 Year
17 186 driving while mentally/physically unfit Compoundable ₹ 200 ₹ 500 NO
18 187 accident (violating Section 132,133,134) Non
Compoundable
₹ 500 ₹ 1,000 YES 3 month 6 month

20. 19 188 abetment for commiting offence U/S 184 Non
Compoundable
₹ 1,000 ₹ 2,000 YES 6 month 2 Year
20 188 abetment for commiting offence U/S 185 Non
Compoundable
₹ 2,000 ₹ 3,000 YES 6 month 2 Year
21 188 abetment for commiting offence U/S 186 Non
Compoundable
₹ 200 ₹ 500 NO
22 189 racing & trials of Speed Compoundable ₹ 500 ₹ 500 YES 1 month
23 190(1) Using Vehicle in unsafe condition Non
Compoundable
₹ 250 ₹ 1,000 YES 3 month
24 190(2) air & noise pollution Compoundable ₹ 1,000 ₹ 2,000 NO
25 190(3) Carrying Hazardous goods without
permission under MV act
Non
Compoundable
₹ 3,000 ₹ 5,000 YES 1 year 3 year
26 191 dealer selling vehicle by modifying the
manufacture design
Compoundable ₹ 500 ₹ 500 NO
27 192 using vehicle without
registraion/fitness/goods vehicle carry
passenger/excess passenger
Compoundable ₹ 5,000 ₹ 10,000 YES 1 year
28 192A using vehicle without permit/pvt vehicle
used on hire/
Non
Compoundable
₹ 5,000 ₹ 10,000 YES 3 month 1 year
29 193 transporter transporting without
registration/License
Non
Compoundable
₹ 1,000 ₹ 2,000 YES 6 month
30 194(1) carrying excess goods by goods vehicle Compoundable ₹ 2,000 ₹ 2,000 NO Plus ₹ 1 per
each KG of
Excess Load
31 194(2) refusal for weighment Compoundable ₹ 3,000 ₹ 3,000 NO
32 196 No Insurance Compoundable ₹ 1,000 ₹ 1,000 YES 3 month
33 197 Taking Vehicle without Authority Non
Compoundable
₹ 500 ₹ 500 YES 3 month
34 198 un authorised interference with
vehicle(tampering any part or removing any
part)
Compoundable ₹ 100 ₹ 100 NO
35 201 causing obstruction to free flow of traffic Non
Compoundable
₹ 50 per each
hour plus towing
Charge

21. SUSPENSION OF DRIVING LICENCE ON THE
DIRECTION OF SUPREME COURT
The Supreme Court Committee on Road safety issued direction to suspend driving
licence for a period of not less than three months under Section-19 of the Motor
Vehicle Act, 1988 read with Rule 21 of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 for:
(a) Driving at a speed exceeding the specified limit .
(b) Red light jumping;
(c) Carrying overload in goods carriage and carrying persons in goods
carriages;
(d) Driving vehicles under the influence of drink and drugs;
(e) Using mobile phone while driving a vehicle
The orders in respect are :
1. Order No. F. No. 05/2014/CoRS-Part-III dated 18.08.2015
(Directions to the States/UTs to implement road safety laws-reg.) PDF
2. Order No. F. No. 05/2014/CoRS-Part-III dated 17.11.2015
(Directions to the States/UTs to implement road safety laws-reg.) PDF

22. ROAD ACCIDENT REPORTING & RECORDING SYSTEM
PRESCRIBED BY MORTH DT 22-12-2017
 Each accident has to be jointly inspected by
1. Investigating Officer of PS
2. Motor Vehicle Inspector
3. Road Engineer of Road Owning
agency (NHAI,NH,PWD,R&B,RD etc.)
 The cause & nature of all accident has to discussed and
analysed in DRSC meeting.
 The DRSC meeting must be conducted at least once in
each month.
ACCIDENT REPORTING FORMAT

23. DISTRICT ROAD SAFETY COMMITTEE
The Government Odisha has re constituted the DRSC vide its
notification No No.5427–TRN-LC-MISC-51/2017/T Dt 10-08-2017
It has 15 members under chairmanship of Collector & District
magistrate.
The Committee shall:
 advise on all matters pertaining to Planning & Coordination of
Policies, Practices and Standard of Safety in the Road Transport
Sector;
 formulate and recommend road safety programmes for
implementation by Road Safety Organization within the District.
 suggest areas for research and development to improve safety
aspects in the Road Transport Sector including maintenance of
statistics of road accidents and their analysis; and
 generally oversee and monitor the road safety measures
undertaken in the District.

24. GOOD SAMARITAN POLICY
Government of India (MoRTH) as well as the state
Government have notified the policy for Good Samaritan.
1. Dt 21.01.2016 by MoRTH
2. Dt 09.08.2016 by MoRTH
3. Dt 27.01.2018 by GoO

25. SOLATIUM FUND
The State Government has notified the scheme vide its
notification no No.3663–TRN-LC-MISC-51/2017/T ,Dt
14.05.2018 for payment of compensation to the victims of hit
and run motor accident cases.
 The Transport Commissioner is declared as the “Claim Settlement
Officer”
 The concerned RTO is declared as the “Claim Enquiring Officer”
 Amount of Compensation-
(a) in respect of death of any person a fixed sum of two
lakh rupees.
(b) in respect of grievous hurt to any person, a fixed sum
of fifty thousand rupees.
 The claim shall be awarded in favour Rightful Claimants
 The Claim application shall be made within a period of 6(six) months
from the date of accident.
 The claim application can be filed through IIC of Concern PS.