4. Different types of unpaid work and GDP per
capita…
Source: Alonso et al.
(2019)
5. Higher secondary tax rates lead to higher unpaid work
burden and lower labor force participation
Source: Alonso et al.
(2019)
Editor's Notes
Note: correlation does not imply causation, more work is needed to establish this.
Domestic chores are negatively correlated with GDP per capita, whereas care work is not.
See Alonso et al., p. 21-22, High tax rates for secondary earners discourage labor force participation and raise women’s unpaid work. When the tax system has features that encourage couples to file jointly, the secondary earner, who is usually a woman, faces a much higher tax rate than when returns are filed separately, which discourages female LFPR. The chart shows that higher secondary earner tax rates lead to higher unpaid work by women (controlling for GDP per capita and the tax rate of the first earner). The impact is stronger the higher the expected earnings of the secondary earner.
Are there any countries represented here that encourage joint filing? Or is it mainly individual based?
