Comprehensive energy efficiency retrofit projects can achieve reductions in energy use of 50% or greater by making fundamental systemic changes rather than just upgrading discrete components. Such deep retrofits may have 7-10 year paybacks but can attain significant carbon emissions savings of 50% or more. Example retrofit projects discussed include redesigning lighting in offices, classrooms and laboratories using occupancy sensors and updated fixtures, converting parking lots to LED lights, and installing demand controlled ventilation and low flow fume hoods in laboratories to reduce air changes and exhaust flows.

6. Smart Laboratory Concept Balancing Laboratory Safety and Climate Safety Create lab buildings that out perform ASHRAE 90.1 / CA Title 24 by 40-50%. Combine energy initiatives such as centralized demand controlled ventilation (CDCV), low flow (high performance) fume hoods, reduced building exhaust stack airspeeds, and use of energy-efficient lighting. Building Exhaust System Labs w/CDCV real time lab air monitoring 4 ach occupied 2 ach unoccupied Energy efficient lighting Labs with low flow fume hoods (as appropriate )

7. Centralized Demand Controlled Ventilation (CDCV) Utilizing real time lab air monitoring, reduce air changes in labs from approximately 6 ACH to 4 ACH while the lab is occupied and 2 ACH when lab is unoccupied.

8. Low Flow (High Performance) Fume Hoods Utilize fume hoods that are designed to operate safely at lower face velocities, i.e., 70 FPM rather than 100 FPM. Exhaust plenum Deeper work surface Unique airfoil design Advanced baffle design

9. Laboratory Lighting Controls Reduce Power Density by 50% Lab Area LPD from 1.1 to 0.55 Lab Prep LPD from 0.9 to 0.36 Prep Room LPD from 2.0 to 1.0 Corridor LPD from 0.6 to 0.3 - Daylight sensors for fixtures near windows - Occupancy sensing by lab bay

10. Lab Building Exhaust Fan Energy Reduction Building Exhaust System Slightly higher stacks Variable speed fans (wind responsive if necessary) Air handler with fresh air intake