Introduction types treatment nursing intervention conclusion bobliography

1. TYPES OF
OESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA
SUBMITTED BY:
SMRUTI REKHA DAS
ROLL NO: 2188012
MSc NURSING 1st YEAR

2. What is oesophageal atresia ?
• Oesophageal atresia is a birth defect in which
part of a baby's oesophagus does not develop
properly.
• Oesophageal atresia is a birth defect of the
swallowing tube (oesophagus) that connects
the mouth to the stomach.

3. Types of Oesophageal Atresia
Vogt classified Oesophageal Atresia into 5types.
Those are
• Types I
• Types II
• Types III
• Types IV
• Types V

5. Oesophageal Atresia type I
• In this type, there is oesophageal atresia and
proximal and distal segments of oesophagus
are blind. There is no communication between
trachea and oesophagus.
• This type is presrent in 3-7% of cases.

6. Oesophageal Atresia type II
• In this type, oesophageal atresia is present
and the blind proximal segment of
oesophagus connects with trachea by a
fistula.The distal end of oesophagus is blind.
• This type is present in 0.8% cases.

7. Oesophageal Atresia type III
• In this type, oesophageal atresia is
present.The proximal end of oesophagus is a
blind pouch and distal segment of oesophagus
is connected by fistula to trachea.
• This is the commonest type,present in 87%
cases.

8. Oesophageal Atresia IV
• In this type, both upper and lower segments
of oesophagus communicate with trachea.
• It is the rearest type that occures in 0.7%
cases.

9. Oesophageal Atresia Type V
• In this type, oesophagus and trachea are
normal and completely formed but are
connected by a fistula.
• This type is known as ‘H’ type and is presented
in 4.2% cases.

10. Treatment
Once a diagnosis has been made, surgery is
needed to reconnect the two ends of the
esophagus so that the baby can breathe and feed
properly. Multiple surgeries and other procedures
or medications may be needed, particularly if the
baby’s repaired esophagus becomes too narrow
for food to pass through it; if the muscles of the
esophagus don’t work well enough to move food
into the stomach; or if digested food in the
stomach consistently moves back up into the
esophagus.

11. Nursing Intervention
• A nasogastric tube is put in the upper oesophageal
segment and is aspirated frequently, to prevent
collection and aspiration of secretion into the trachea.
Intravenous fluids are administered to maintain the
hydration status of infant. Place the infant in semi-
upright position and administer oxygen if cyanosis is
present.
• A cervical oesophagostomy is made to drain out
secretions from blind oesophageal pouch and
administer oxygen to infant. Feed the infant orally or
by gastrostomy. Position the baby comfortably in semi-
fowler’s position and administer analgesics.

12. Conclusion
Without a working oesophagus, it's impossible
to receive enough nutrition by mouth. Babies
with oesophagus atresiaare also more prone
to infections like pneumonia and conditions
such as acid reflux. Luckily, oesophagus atresia
is usually treatable.

13. Bibliography
• Sharma Rimple,Essentials of Pesiatric
nursing,JAYPEE Brothers medical
publishers(P),Page no 351-355.
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.slideshare.com

14. THANK
YOU