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True Starfish
1. True Starfish
True starfish are classified in the Asteroidea, a group of echinoderms. True starfish have no sharp demarcation between arms and central body, and they
move using tube feet rather than wriggling movements of the whole arms. True starfish and ophiuroids shared a common ancestor in the Ordovician.
Most starfish are predators, feeding on sessile or slowâmoving prey such as mollusks and barnacles. (example: crownâofâthorns starfish, Acanthaster
specializes on corals, and may do considerable damage to coral reefs.) Many, but not all, starfish are able to turn a portion of their stomachs out through
the mouth, and thus digest food outside of the body.
The Taxonomy of a starfish is they are Animalia group, Kingdom is Bilateria, Deuterostomia. Phylum is Echinodermata, Asterozoa, Order is Velatida,
Forcipulatacea, Spinulosacea, Valvatacea, and Concentricyclodea....show more content...
Habitats range from tropical coral reefs, rocky shores, tidal pools, mud, and sand to kelp forests, seagrass meadows and the deepâsea floor down to at
least 6,000 m (20,000 ft). The greatest diversity of species occurs in coastal areas. Also Allechinoderms, including sea stars, live in the oceanâon the
sea bottoms (although their larvae swim in the water column). They are among the few groups of animals which live exclusively in marine habitats.
Starfish live in all the oceans! Like Pacific, Indian, Atlantic, and Southern
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2. Brittle Starfish Essay
The Life of a Brittle Starfish
The type of marine organism, which will be reported on within the following text, is the Brittle Stars. The Brittle Star is also called the serpent star
and a common name for a large group of echinoderms closely related to the starfish. These organisms make up the class Ophiuroidea; another common
name for ophiuroidea is snake stars. These organisms can be found in all oceans but are more abundant in the Tropics. Brittle stars can come in
different colors.
2.0 General Features
Their bodies have a central disk that is demarcated from five arms, unlike true starfish. Their five arms can be broken off quite easily, but will
regenerate themselves. These arms are usually forked and spiny. The brittle...show more content...
They also have a skeleton composed of numerous plates of calcium carbonate.
2.1 Stereom
The plates that compose brittle starfish, ophiuroids and echinoderms is calcite along with other organics. Though each plate is a single crystal of
calcite, it doesn't take a typical crystalline form. Below is a picture of the tooth socket, notice the holes.
2.2 Water Vascular System
Perhaps not as obvious is the water vascular system, another trait common to all echinoderms. By examining the oral underside side of a brittle star, one
will be able to see hundreds of tiny feet usually arranged into several rows on each appendage of the star. These are the tube feet, or podia, and are
filled with seawater in brittle stars. The water vascular system within the body of this species is also filled with seawater. By expanding and
contracting chambers within the water vascular system, the brittle star can force water into certain tube feet to extend them. The animal has muscles
in the tube feet, which are used to retract them. By expanding and retracting the right tube feet in the proper order, the creature can walk. Many
echinoderms can also form suckers on the ends of their tube feet. These suckers can be used to capture and hold prey, or to hold onto rocks in a swift
3. current or tide.
3.0 Habitat
Brittle stars can be found in the warmest and coldest of the world's seas and have a broad geographic range. Brittle stars can be found at various
depths of the
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4. Naked Egg Essay
The science of the "naked egg" project is based on the ideas of biochemistry. Biochemistry explores the chemical processes related to living organisms.
This is a science that brings together biology and chemistry. Biochemistry focuses on processes happening at molecular level, what's happening inside
our cells, studying components like proteins, and lipids and organelles. It looks at how cells communicate with each other. Through the comprehension
of specific idea about biochemistry the experiment of the "naked egg" can be understood. Prior experimentation, the history of the egg, and vinegar
allows for the important concepts of the "naked egg" to be applied through biochemistry.
Humans have always eaten eggs, for about six million years. Eggs have a lot of protein, so they are good for eating. People in...show more content...
The inside of the egg stays intact and it is held together by two fragile membranes just inside the shell. Even though this experiment may sound
insignificant, it can be used for a real world application. When carbon dioxide is absorbed by seawater, chemical reactions occur that reduce seawater
pH, carbonate ion concentration, and saturation states of biologically important calcium carbonate minerals. This is called ocean acidification, OA for
short. Carbon pollution is warming the climate, but it is also making oceans more acidic. Oceans absorb about a quarter of the carbon dioxide, humans
produce this by burning fossil fuels each year, that is changing their basic chemistry. This can be bad for creatures in the ocean that have calcium
carbonate in their shells or skeletons, this includes mollusks, crabs, and corals. Those creatures are having a hard time living as the sea is changing
because of the acidic water, it makes it harder for them to grow their shells. It's not just creatures with shells, if you live in the ocean bad things could
still
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5. The Starfish Research Paper
I love the story of the starfish on the beach. I have read it many times in several different forms over the years but I am always struck by its simple
truth. One form of it goes like this: A man was walking down the beach one day when he saw a young boy coming towards him. Every few feet or so
the boy would stop, bend down, and pick up a starfish. Then with a huge effort he would toss it back into the
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6. Research Paper On Starfish
Starfish are known to regenerate their lost or damaged body parts. I chose the starfish because in life, we sometimes feel like we lose a part of
ourselves when life throws challenges at us or experience failure. However, as we go on, with the help of past experiences and learned lessons, we
regenerate the parts we lost, get back on track, and grow just like a
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7. Why Is A Starfish So Slow?
Abstract Why is a starfish so slow but never has tiny particles like algae and barnicles on it? The answer is pedicellariae. Pedicellariae are the spikes
on starfish. They engulf algae and barnicles before they can attach to the starfish. We're designing a boat paint that is able to mimic the functions of
pedicellariae. Boat paint has been affecting aquatic habitats for thousands of years and counting. Scientists have tried changing the ingredients but
no matter what they try, species of animals have been harmed. Many of us just leave the dirty work of choosing bottom paint for our vessel to our
local boat repair yard. This is a good choice, since most yards know just what type of paint is best. We should be aware of available choices and...show
more content...
Scientists tried creating an antiâfouling paint or bottom paint that is a specialized coating applied to the hull of a ship or boat in order to slow the
growth of organisms that attach to the hull and can affect a vessel 's performance and durability a couple of years ago.
Hull coatings may have other functions in addition to their antiâfouling properties, such as acting as a barrier against corrosion on metal hulls, or
improving the flow of water past the hull of a fishing vessel or highâperformance racing yacht. These functions may be very helpful to boaters but the
effect on the environment but it still maintains its negative affect. Affects have been so bad some ports banned bottom paints. For example, The Port
of San Diego has banned copperâbased paints. Copperâbased antiâfouling paints used to prevent marine growth from attaching to the hulls of
recreational boats have created high levels of copper in San Diego Bay. "The plan is to reduce the copper levels in advance of regulatory requirements
set by the Regional and State Water Quality Control Boards" the port says.
As shown in the diagram to the diagram to the right, bottom paint is not helping keep algae off the bottom of boats. When we create our version of
bottom paint it would minimize the amount of ocean harmed and it would keep algae off the bottom of boats. Some boat paints also include chemicals
that will kill
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8. Essay Keystone Species
A keystone species is a species that has a disproportionate effect on its environment relative to its abundance. Such an organism plays a role in its
ecosystem that is analogous to the role of a keystone in an arch. While the keystone feels the least pressure of any of the stones in an arch, the arch
still collapses without it. Similarly, an ecosystem may experience a dramatic shift if a keystone species is removed, even though that species was a
small part of the ecosystem by measures of biomass or productivity. It has become a very popular concept in conservation biology.
Notes on the definition
The definition given here is somewhat qualitative in nature because there is not yet an accepted, rigorous definition. At issue is how to...show more
content...
The exact scenario changes in each example, but the central idea remains that through a chain of interactions, a nonâabundant species has an outsized
impact on ecosystem functions.
Predators
Some starfish may perform this function by preying on sea urchins, mussels, and other shellfish that have no other natural predators. If the sea star is
removed from the ecosystem, the mussel population explodes uncontrollably, driving out most other species, while the urchin population annihilates
coral reefs.
Similarly, sea otters in kelp forests keep sea urchins in check. Kelp roots are merely anchors, and not the vast nutrient gathering networks of land
plants. Thus the urchins only need to eat the roots of the kelp, a tiny fraction of the plant's biomass, to remove it from the ecosystem.
Domestic cats have taken the role of a keystone species in many environments, including human habitations, where they control some rodent
populations. Feral cats are known to decimate native populations in many places in which they are introduced.
These creatures need not be apex predators. Sea stars are prey for sharks, rays, and sea anemones. Cats and sea otters are prey for raptor birds.
Engineers
In North America, the grizzly bear is a keystone species â not as a predator but as ecosystem engineers. They transfer nutrients from the oceanic
9. ecosystem to the forest ecosystem. The first stage of the transfer
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