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Trokut snage
• Električka snaga – sposobnost vršenja rada u
vremenu iz izvora izmjeničnog napona te se
raspodijeljuje po elementima izmjeničnog
strujnog kruga
Radna snaga
• Dio električke energije koji na sebe preuzme
otpornik R može pretvoriti u koristan rad tako
da se snaga disipira na otporniku R
• Označava se s slovom P
• Mjeri se u watima [W]
• Općeniti izraz za radnu snagu je :
𝑃 = 𝑈 ∗ 𝐼 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 [𝑊]
• DEFINICIJA : radna snaga jednaka je produktu
efektivne vrijednosti struje, napona i faktora
snage
• Faktor snage je cos𝜑
• Ako je : a) 𝜑=0 tada je cos𝜑=1 i vrijedi da
nema reaktivnih elemenata ili se djelovanja
zavojnice i kondenzatora poništavaju
b) 𝜑 = +(𝜋/2) ili –(𝜋/2) tada je cos
𝜑=0 i vrijedi da u mreži nema otpora R tj. da
se ne troši energija pa je radna snaga jednaka
nuli ( P=0)
Jalova (reaktivna) snaga
• Između izvora izmjeničnog napona te
kondenzatora i zavojnica u strujnom krugu oscilira
dio ukupne električke energije
• Oscilirajuća energija se ne može utrošiti za
obavljanja korisnog rada
• Označavamo je s oznakom Q
• Mjeri se u reaktivnim voltamperima [VAR]
• Općeniti izraz za jalovu snagu je :
𝑄 = 𝑈 ∗ 𝐼 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑[𝑉𝐴𝑅]
• Jalova snaga ukazuje na prisutnost energije
električnog i magnetskog polja u mreži
Prividna snaga
• Predstavlja maksimalan iznos snage koja bi se
teoretski mogla dobiti iz energije
• Izvor izmjeničnog napona je predao u strujni krug
• Označava se s slovom S
• Mjeri se u voltamperima [VA]
• Općeniti izraz za prividnu snagu je :
𝑆 = 𝑈 ∗ 𝐼 [𝑉𝐴]
• Snaga generatora, transformatora, električnih
strojeva i uređaja ovisi o režimu rada pa se za
njih ne daje podatak o radnoj snazi već se daje
tzv. prividna snaga
• DEFINICIJA : prividna snaga je jednaka
produktu nominalnog napona i nominalne
struje
Slikovito opisane tri različite snage
𝜑
Primjer : Prividne, radne i jalove
snaga

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Trokut snage verzija 2.

  • 1. Trokut snage • Električka snaga – sposobnost vršenja rada u vremenu iz izvora izmjeničnog napona te se raspodijeljuje po elementima izmjeničnog strujnog kruga
  • 2. Radna snaga • Dio električke energije koji na sebe preuzme otpornik R može pretvoriti u koristan rad tako da se snaga disipira na otporniku R • Označava se s slovom P • Mjeri se u watima [W] • Općeniti izraz za radnu snagu je : 𝑃 = 𝑈 ∗ 𝐼 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 [𝑊]
  • 3. • DEFINICIJA : radna snaga jednaka je produktu efektivne vrijednosti struje, napona i faktora snage • Faktor snage je cos𝜑 • Ako je : a) 𝜑=0 tada je cos𝜑=1 i vrijedi da nema reaktivnih elemenata ili se djelovanja zavojnice i kondenzatora poništavaju b) 𝜑 = +(𝜋/2) ili –(𝜋/2) tada je cos 𝜑=0 i vrijedi da u mreži nema otpora R tj. da se ne troši energija pa je radna snaga jednaka nuli ( P=0)
  • 4.
  • 5. Jalova (reaktivna) snaga • Između izvora izmjeničnog napona te kondenzatora i zavojnica u strujnom krugu oscilira dio ukupne električke energije • Oscilirajuća energija se ne može utrošiti za obavljanja korisnog rada • Označavamo je s oznakom Q • Mjeri se u reaktivnim voltamperima [VAR] • Općeniti izraz za jalovu snagu je : 𝑄 = 𝑈 ∗ 𝐼 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑[𝑉𝐴𝑅]
  • 6.
  • 7. • Jalova snaga ukazuje na prisutnost energije električnog i magnetskog polja u mreži
  • 8. Prividna snaga • Predstavlja maksimalan iznos snage koja bi se teoretski mogla dobiti iz energije • Izvor izmjeničnog napona je predao u strujni krug • Označava se s slovom S • Mjeri se u voltamperima [VA] • Općeniti izraz za prividnu snagu je : 𝑆 = 𝑈 ∗ 𝐼 [𝑉𝐴]
  • 9. • Snaga generatora, transformatora, električnih strojeva i uređaja ovisi o režimu rada pa se za njih ne daje podatak o radnoj snazi već se daje tzv. prividna snaga • DEFINICIJA : prividna snaga je jednaka produktu nominalnog napona i nominalne struje
  • 10.
  • 11. Slikovito opisane tri različite snage 𝜑
  • 12. Primjer : Prividne, radne i jalove snaga