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La “Tratta Atlantica”
 ●    Per “Tratta Atlantica” si intende il commercio degli schiavi
     africani attraverso l'Oceano Atlantico, tra XVI e XIX secolo.


 ●    Il solo Regno Unito, nel XVIII secolo, possedeva 2 milioni e
     mezzo di schiavi africani. La stima europea si aggirava sui
     6 milioni.




24/03/13
                                                  1
●Agli inizi dell'800 la popolazione nera nel Nordamerica era
quasi 1/3 di quella bianca.

●   Inoltre era piuttosto frequente il fenomeno del “meticciato”.

                                    15




                                                      popol. bianca
                                                      popol. nera
                                                      popol. meticcia

                                          25

                    60




24/03/13
                                                  2
Oltre il Nordamerica...
           Accanto alla Gran Bretagna, altri Paesi coinvolti nella Tratta
                                Atlantica furono:



                  FRANCIA (Canada e nord-Africa)
           SPAGNA (Sudamerica e Nordamerica
     occidentale)
                  PORTOGALLO (Sudamerica)

24/03/13
                                                         3
Rapporto neri/bianchi nelle 4 principali colonie
                  nordamericane

                 1730-1770   1770-1810   1810-1850   1850-1900

 New
 Hampshire       1:9          1:7         1:5         1:3

 Massachusetts   1 : 11       1:8         1:6         1:4

 Georgia         1:8          1:7         1:5         1:4

 Virginia        1:7          1:5         1:4         1:3
24/03/13
                                                4
Conseguenze della manodopera africana
          nelle colonie americane

           ●   SUD: incremento della produzione di cotone e
                         crescita dell'aristocrazia

           ●   CENTRO-NORD: sviluppo delle manifatture e
                       imposizione di dazi

               ●   Mantenimento di rapporti commerciali con
                         l'Inghilterra (medrepatria)

24/03/13
                                                  5
Rapporto economico Madrepatria/Nordamerica
           durante la Tratta Atlantica
           12




           10




           8



                                                        Gran Bretagna
           6
                                                        USA



           4




           2




           0
                1600-1700   1700-1800   1800-1900




24/03/13
                                                    6
Conclusioni
 ●    All'inizio del XIX secolo fu abolito il commercio degli
     schiavi africani, ma in molti Paesi la schiavitù rimase
     radicata (Stati Uniti e Brasile).


 ●    L'”eurocentrismo” secolare portò a episodi quali l'Apartheid
     o la segregazione razziale americana.


 ●    Molti scrittori hanno denunciato le crudeltà nell'epoca della
     schiavitù. Tra i più noti: Bartolomé de Las Casas, Jane
     Austen e Frantz Fanon.
24/03/13
                                                   7

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Tratta atlantica

  • 1. La “Tratta Atlantica” ● Per “Tratta Atlantica” si intende il commercio degli schiavi africani attraverso l'Oceano Atlantico, tra XVI e XIX secolo. ● Il solo Regno Unito, nel XVIII secolo, possedeva 2 milioni e mezzo di schiavi africani. La stima europea si aggirava sui 6 milioni. 24/03/13 1
  • 2. ●Agli inizi dell'800 la popolazione nera nel Nordamerica era quasi 1/3 di quella bianca. ● Inoltre era piuttosto frequente il fenomeno del “meticciato”. 15 popol. bianca popol. nera popol. meticcia 25 60 24/03/13 2
  • 3. Oltre il Nordamerica... Accanto alla Gran Bretagna, altri Paesi coinvolti nella Tratta Atlantica furono: FRANCIA (Canada e nord-Africa) SPAGNA (Sudamerica e Nordamerica occidentale) PORTOGALLO (Sudamerica) 24/03/13 3
  • 4. Rapporto neri/bianchi nelle 4 principali colonie nordamericane 1730-1770 1770-1810 1810-1850 1850-1900 New Hampshire 1:9 1:7 1:5 1:3 Massachusetts 1 : 11 1:8 1:6 1:4 Georgia 1:8 1:7 1:5 1:4 Virginia 1:7 1:5 1:4 1:3 24/03/13 4
  • 5. Conseguenze della manodopera africana nelle colonie americane ● SUD: incremento della produzione di cotone e crescita dell'aristocrazia ● CENTRO-NORD: sviluppo delle manifatture e imposizione di dazi ● Mantenimento di rapporti commerciali con l'Inghilterra (medrepatria) 24/03/13 5
  • 6. Rapporto economico Madrepatria/Nordamerica durante la Tratta Atlantica 12 10 8 Gran Bretagna 6 USA 4 2 0 1600-1700 1700-1800 1800-1900 24/03/13 6
  • 7. Conclusioni ● All'inizio del XIX secolo fu abolito il commercio degli schiavi africani, ma in molti Paesi la schiavitù rimase radicata (Stati Uniti e Brasile). ● L'”eurocentrismo” secolare portò a episodi quali l'Apartheid o la segregazione razziale americana. ● Molti scrittori hanno denunciato le crudeltà nell'epoca della schiavitù. Tra i più noti: Bartolomé de Las Casas, Jane Austen e Frantz Fanon. 24/03/13 7