The document provides an overview of transformers, which are devices that transfer electrical power between circuits with a change in voltage or current but no change in frequency. It explains the working principle based on electromagnetic induction, types of transformers, and their applications in various fields. Additionally, the document contrasts ideal transformers with practical ones, highlighting their differences in efficiency and losses.

2. Contents:
 Introduction
 What is Transformer
 Working principle
 Types of transformers
 Ideal and practical transformer
 Applications of transformers

3. INTRODUCTION
One of greatest advantage of alternating current over direct current
the alternating currents can be easily transferable from lowest voltage to
high or high voltage to low voltage. . Alternating voltage can be raised or
lowered as per requirements in the different stages of electrical network as
Generation ,transmission, distribution and utilization. This is possible
with a device is called as transformer.

4. WHAT IS TRANSFORMER
 Transformer is a static device which transfers the electrical
power or energy from one alternating current circuit to
another with desired change in voltage or current and
Without any change in the frequency.
 A transformer used to increase the voltage is called step up
transformer .while that used to decrease the voltage is
called a step down transformer.

5. Working principle of transformer
 A transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction and mutual
induction It consist of two windings electrically separated but linked by a
common magnetic circuit of low reactance formed by a laminated soft iron
core .

6. TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS
According to no. of phases:
a) single phase transformer
b) three phase transformer
 According to Construction :
a) core type
b) Shell type
c) berry type
 According to function :
a) power transformer
i) step up transformer
ii) step down transformer
b) Distribution transformers

7. Single phase transformer

8. Three phase transformer

9. core type and shell type transformer:

11. IDEAL VS PRACTICAL TRANSFORMER
A transformer is said to be ideal if satisfies the following
properties ,
 It has no losses.
 Winding resistance has zero.
 There is no flux leakage.
 Efficiency is 100 %.
But in practical ,there are some losses in transformer.

12. Losses in transformer
Copper losses
Core or iron losses
I. Hysteresis losses
II. Eddy current losses

13. APPLICATIONS:
Irrigation purpose
Electronic devices
Domestic purpose
Indoor/ outdoor Sub stations

14. REFERNCES
 Electrical engineering by UA Bakshi.
 Principal of electrical machine by VK Mehta.
 Electrical machine by R.K.Rajput.
 www.allabout circuits.com
 www.ieee.com